Comparative Ecology of Two Sympatric Species of Dace (Rhinichthys) in the Fraser River System, British Columbia

1963 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. Gee ◽  
T. G. Northcote
Keyword(s):  
Food Habits ◽  
River System ◽  
Sympatric Species ◽  
Water Current ◽  
Fraser River ◽  
Comparative Ecology ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Strong Current ◽  
Riffle Habitat ◽  
Current Preference

Age, growth and food habits of leopard dace (Rhinichthys falcatus) in the lower Fraser River are described. Although recently emerged leopard dace and longnose dace (Rhinichthys cataractae) occur together in regions of slow or no current along the river margin, older longnose dace soon begin to occupy regions of higher water velocity. Yearling and older leopard dace remain predominantly in areas of little current. Laboratory experiments in a stream tank demonstrate a strong current preference in longnose dace fry, yearlings and adults. Leopard dace of comparable size show no preference for water current. The swimbladder volume of yearling and adult longnose dace is much lower than that of leopard dace, possibly an adaptation of the former species to occupation of riffle habitat. Temporary coexistence of the two closely related species in the same niche is discussed briefly.

High cryptic diversity in the kleptoparasitic genus Hyalorisia Dall, 1889 (Littorinimorpha: Capulidae) with the description of nine new species from the Indo-West Pacific

2020 ◽  
Vol 86 (4) ◽  
pp. 401-421 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giulia Fassio ◽  
Valeria Russini ◽  
Barbara Buge ◽  
Stefano Schiaparelli ◽  
Maria Vittoria Modica ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trophic Ecology ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Sympatric Species ◽  
Water Current ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
Nominal Species ◽  
West Pacific ◽  
Allopatric Species ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Family

ABSTRACT Species in the family Capulidae (Littorinimorpha: Capuloidea) display a wide range of shell morphologies. Several species are known to live in association with other benthic invertebrates—mostly bivalves and sabellid worms, but also other gastropods—and are believed to be kleptoparasitic filter feeders that take advantage of the water current produced by the host. This peculiar trophic ecology, implying a sedentary lifestyle, has resulted in highly convergent shell forms. This is particularly true for the genus Hyalorisia Dall, 1889, which occurs in deep water in the Caribbean and Indo-West Pacific provinces, with two nominal species recognized so far. Combining morphological, ecological and molecular data, we assessed the diversity of the genus, its phylogenetic position inside the family and its association with its bivalve host, the genus Propeamussium de Gregorio, 1884 (Pectinoidea), resulting in the description of nine new cryptic species. When sympatric, species of Hyalorisia are associated with different host species, but the same species of Propeamussium may be the host of several allopatric species of Hyalorisia.

scholarly journals Color Differences Among Closely Related Species of Red-Breasted Meadowlarks (Sturnella)

The Condor ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 109 (3) ◽  
pp. 605-616
Author(s):  
Pilar Benites ◽  
Pablo L. Tubaro ◽  
Darío A. Lijtmaer ◽  
Stephen C. Lougheed ◽  
Muir D. Eaton
Keyword(s):  
Related Species ◽  
Short Wavelength ◽  
Visual Space ◽  
Color Discrimination ◽  
Threshold Value ◽  
Sympatric Species ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Interspecific Differences ◽  
Sexually Selected Traits ◽  
Color Differences

Abstract Abstract. Interspecific differences in sexually selected traits may be important for maintaining reproductive isolation among closely related species living in sympatry. We present the first study of plumage color differences among males of partially sympatric species of South American red-breasted meadowlarks—the White-browed Blackbird (Sturnella superciliaris), the Pampas Meadowlark (S. defilippii), and the Long-tailed Meadowlark (S. loyca)—using reflectance spectrophotometry and the avian visual model of Vorobyev and Osorio (1998). Reflectance values of sexually dichromatic red plumage patches were measured on study skins. Total reflectance, reflectance in the short wavelength part of the spectrum, and several measures of spectral shape were extracted directly from the spectra. Our analyses revealed that S. loyca and S. defilippii were brighter and had higher reflectance in the short wavelength part of the spectrum than S. superciliaris. Minimum reflectance was located at higher wavelengths in breeding than in nonbreeding plumage. Interspecific distances in avian visual space obtained from the Vorobyev and Osorio (1998) model were considerably higher than the threshold value for color discrimination, indicating that the differences found are also detectable by birds. Taken together, these results show that the red plumage patches of these three species present significant color differences throughout the year, not only in the visible but also in the UV part of the spectrum.

scholarly journals Limited intrinsic postzygotic reproductive isolation despite chromosomal rearrangements between closely related sympatric species of small ermine moths (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutidae)

2019 ◽  
Vol 128 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katerina H Hora ◽  
František Marec ◽  
Peter Roessingh ◽  
Steph B J Menken
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Isolation ◽  
Parental Species ◽  
Meiotic Chromosome ◽  
Chromosomal Rearrangements ◽  
Sympatric Species ◽  
Hybrid Fitness ◽  
New Host ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Postzygotic Reproductive Isolation

Abstract In evolutionarily young species and sympatric host races of phytophagous insects, postzygotic incompatibility is often not yet fully developed, but reduced fitness of hybrids is thought to facilitate further divergence. However, empirical evidence supporting this hypothesis is limited. To assess the role of reduced hybrid fitness, we studied meiosis and fertility in hybrids of two closely related small ermine moths, Yponomeuta padella and Yponomeuta cagnagella, and determined the extent of intrinsic postzygotic reproductive isolation. We found extensive rearrangements between the karyotypes of the two species and irregularities in meiotic chromosome pairing in their hybrids. The fertility of reciprocal F1 and, surprisingly, also of backcrosses with both parental species was not significantly decreased compared with intraspecific offspring. The results indicate that intrinsic postzygotic reproductive isolation between these closely related species is limited. We conclude that the observed chromosomal rearrangements are probably not the result of an accumulation of postzygotic incompatibilities preventing hybridization. Alternative explanations, such as adaptation to new host plants, are discussed.

The influence of population dynamics and environmental conditions on pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) recolonization after barrier removal in the Fraser River, British Columbia, Canada

2012 ◽  
Vol 69 (5) ◽  
pp. 970-982 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.R. Pess ◽  
R. Hilborn ◽  
K. Kloehn ◽  
T.P. Quinn
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Pink Salmon ◽  
River System ◽  
Oncorhynchus Gorbuscha ◽  
Source Population ◽  
Fraser River ◽  
Extrinsic Factors ◽  
Barrier Removal

When barriers are removed, what biotic and abiotic factors determine how fish populations will colonize newly available habitats? We used counts of adult pink salmon ( Oncorhywnchus gorbuscha ) from 1947 to 1987 in 66 streams of the Fraser River system, British Columbia, Canada, to determine when colonizing pink salmon populations became self-sustaining after a long-term migration blockage at Hell’s Gate (river kilometre 209) was reduced. The abundance of salmon in available habitats were largely controlled by extrinsic factors such as an initially large source population, high intrinsic growth rates linked to favorable climate-driven conditions, a constant supply of dispersers, and large amounts of newly available habitat. Temporal variation in flows at Hell’s Gate also affected recolonization success. Self-sustaining populations were developed within years of barrier removal and have continued to help expand the overall population of Fraser River pink salmon. However, pink salmon were considerably more abundant in the early 1900s than in the 1980s (∼48 million vs. ∼2.7 million), and the majority of spawning shifted from the historic areas above Hell’s Gate prior to the rockslide to below Hell’s Gate in the lower Fraser River after the long-term blockage was reduced, so the system has not returned to the former abundance and distribution patterns.

scholarly journals Studies on the Food Habits of Four Sympatric Species of Woodpeckers

1985 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Kenji KOJIMA ◽  
Shigeru MATSUOKA
Keyword(s):  
Food Habits ◽  
Sympatric Species

scholarly journals Discrimination of habitat use between two sympatric species of mullets, Mugil curema and Mugil liza (Mugiliformes: Mugilidae) in the rio Tramandaí Estuary, determined by otolith chemistry

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana C. G. Mai ◽  
Mauricio L. dos Santos ◽  
Valéria M. Lemos ◽  
João P. Vieira
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Use ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
High Salinity ◽  
Sympatric Species ◽  
Otolith Chemistry ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Lower Salinity ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Plasma Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Specific Variation

ABSTRACT Two sympatric species of marine mullets, Mugil curema and M. liza, use the rio Tramandaí Estuary as nursing grounds. When two closely related species are sympatric, various mechanisms may permit their coexistence, including spatial or temporal segregation that results in the divergent use of the resources for which they compete. To investigate the spatial segregation, we used otolith chemistry inferred through laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Our results indicate that in the rio Tramandaí Estuary, M. curema is associated with high salinity waters and can be classified as a Marine Migrant in the Marine Estuarine-opportunist subcategory. Mugil liza is associated with lower salinity and can be classified as a Marine Migrant in the Estuarine Dependent subcategory. The intra-specific variation in estuarine habitat use indicates that the migratory behaviors in mullets are far more complex than previously known.

A new Aspidogyne (Orchidaceae: Goodyerinae) from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest

Phytotaxa ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 289 (3) ◽  
pp. 279 ◽  
Author(s):  
ERIC DE CAMARGO SMIDT ◽  
MATHIAS ERICH ENGELS ◽  
MARCELO RODRIGUES MIRANDA
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Flower Color ◽  
Sympatric Species ◽  
Northern Coast ◽  
Brazilian Atlantic Forest ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Paulo State ◽  
A New Species

A new species of Aspidogyne from the Atlantic Forest in Caraguatatuba, on the northern coast of São Paulo State, Brazil, is proposed, described, illustrated and compared with closely related species. A key to the sympatric species of Goodyerinae is also provided. Aspidogyne caraguatatubensis is easily recognized by its small size, lip shape and the absence of rostellum. Among congeners, the new species resembles A. argentea, which differs by its larger size, flower color, lip with truncated apex and developed rostellum.

Factors Affecting Sockeye Salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) Growth in Four Lakes of the Fraser River System

1974 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 871-892 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Goodlad ◽  
T. W. Gjernes ◽  
E. L. Brannon
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Standing Crop ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
River System ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
High Elevation ◽  
Zooplankton Abundance ◽  
Fraser River ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Short Growing Season

Analysis of data from four sockeye rearing lakes of the Fraser River system for periods of up to 20 yr provided information on the relation of estimated fish density (female spawners/ha), temperature, and zooplankton standing crops to growth. The lakes differed widely in all attributes. Growth was inversely related to estimated population density in three of the lakes, but wide variations in growth at low density occurred in the fourth, a cold lake at high elevation with short growing season. In this lake, and to a lesser extent in another lake with short growing season, temperature during fry emergence and early lake residence accounted for much of the recorded fluctuation in growth. Reduced zooplankton abundance was associated with high sockeye density in two of the lakes with intermediate standing crops and greatest sockeye densities, but was not recorded in a lake of low standing crop and intermediate sockeye density. Sockeye feeding was found to be highly selective in one lake, and a limited proportion of the zooplankton standing crop was utilized. It is suggested that reduction in standing crop by grazing of juvenile sockeye, and associated decrease in growth, is greatest as the large zooplankters are progressively reduced in abundance. Further reduction in standing crop and in sockeye growth was suggested to proceed at a slower rate. Competition at high population density was concluded to be the factor most responsible for reducing sockeye growth.

scholarly journals Convergent morphology and divergent phenology: unravelling the coexistence of mimetic Morpho butterfly species

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camille Le Roy ◽  
Camille Roux ◽  
Elisabeth Authier ◽  
Héloïse Bastide ◽  
Vincent Debat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Related Species ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Sympatric Species ◽  
Colour Pattern ◽  
Butterfly Species ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Wing Colour ◽  
Temporal Segregation ◽  
Interspecific Territoriality ◽  
Local Selection

AbstractThe emergence and persistence of closely-related species in sympatry is puzzling because the potential gene flow and the common local selective pressures may lead to either merging or competitive exclusion. Some species of Morpho butterflies occurring in sympatry display highly similar wing colour patterns. Associated with erratic flight abilities, their bright colouration may limit predator success and discourage future attacks. The evolution of similar colouration in sympatric species is thus likely under local selection by predators (i.e. escape mimicry). Such phenotypic similarity may promote interspecific territoriality and/or reproductive interference, questioning how closely-related co-mimetic species become sexually isolated and coexist in sympatry. We performed a series of field experiments using flying Morpho dummies placed in a natural habitat where wild males commonly patrol. Analysing the interactions of wild Morpho with different dummies, we show that similarity in wing colour pattern leads to interspecific territoriality and courtship among sympatric species. Using genomic data, we then showed that sympatric Morpho species are surprisingly strictly isolated despite their close relatedness and the observed heterospecific interactions. Finally, using a mark-recapture experiment, we discovered a strong temporal segregation in patrolling activity of males from two co-mimetic sister species. Such divergence in phenology may favour sympatry between closely-related species, despite behavioural interferences induced by the local convergence in colour pattern. Altogether, our findings show that temporal segregation may facilitate the co-existence of closely-related species sharing the same ecological niche, suggesting that phenological shifts may represent an overlooked factor of sympatric speciation. Our study therefore highlights how the evolution of multiple traits may favour species diversification in sympatry by partitioning niche in different dimensions.

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