An Initial Evaluation of Ethylene Oxide for the Sterilization of Formulated and Pelleted Fish Feeds

1973 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 269-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. J. Trust ◽  
A. J. Wood
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Ethylene Oxide ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Initial Evaluation ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Gas Mixture ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Gas ◽  
Fish Feeds ◽  
Better Than

Satisfactory sterilization of dried pelleted fish foods was achieved with an ethylene oxide–carbon dioxide gas mixture (20:80). The growth rates of juvenile rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) fed on feed so sterilized were comparable to or better than those of trout fed the same feed not sterilized.

Effects of Truttaedacnitis truttae (Nematoda: Cucullanidae) on growth and swimming of rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri

1980 ◽  
Vol 58 (7) ◽  
pp. 1220-1226 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. R. Russell
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Growth Characteristics ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Food Conversion ◽  
Critical Swimming Speed ◽  
Nematode Parasites ◽  
Conversion Efficiencies ◽  
Similar Growth ◽  
Food Consumed

Growth and swimming abilities of fingerling and 1.5-year-old rainbow trout infected with the nematode parasite Truttaedacnitis truttae were examined. Control trout and trout infected in the laboratory with 5, 10, 20, 40, or 80 worms exhibited similar growth characteristics over a 10-week period within each of four experimental groups fed different rations of trout chow (1, 2, 3, or 4% of wet body weight fed per day). Decreasing growth rates showed some correlation with increasing numbers of nematode parasites. Differences between growth rates, amounts of food consumed, and food conversion efficiencies of infected and noninfected fish were not statistically significant. Critical swimming speed, fixed velocity, and burst velocity stamina tests revealed similar swimming abilities in both control and infected trout. Maximum swimming speeds attained and time to fatigue at cruising speeds were more closely related to fish size than to numbers of worms with which fish were infected. Importance to rainbow trout survival of large natural infections with T. truttae is discussed.

scholarly journals The pattern of carbon dioxide excretion in the rainbow trout Salmo gairdneri

1978 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-24
Author(s):  
M. S. Haswell ◽  
D. J. Randall
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Carbonic Anhydrase ◽  
Severe Anaemia ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Gill Epithelium ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Plasma Bicarbonate ◽  
O2 Delivery ◽  
Co2 Excretion

1. Patterns of carbon dioxide excretion were investigated in rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri). 2. The loss of erythrocytic carbonic anhydrase caused by severe anaemia does not affect acid/base regulation or the ability of fish to excrete CO2. 3. Bicarbonate excretion across the saline-perfused gills of trout is significant even though residence time for the saline in the gills is only 1--3 s. CO2 excretion across these saline-perfused gills is blocked by the carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, diamox. 4. The excretion of CO2 in fish is via the movement of plasma bicarbonate into the gill epithelium where branchial carbonic anhydrase catalyses the production of CO2. Fish can adjust pH by regulating bicarbonate movement across the gills. 5. The erythrocytic carbonic anhydrase is not necessary for CO2 excretion in the gills but is involved in facilitating Bohr and Root shifts to augment O2 delivery in the tissues.

Water distribution in blood during sickling of erythrocytes

Blood ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 703-709 ◽  
Author(s):  
FW Fales
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Plasma Volume ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Gas Mixture ◽  
Similar Increase ◽  
Plasma Protein Concentration ◽  
Plasma Urea ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Gas ◽  
Distribution In Blood

Abstract Plasma urea and protein determinations proved suitable for measuring changes in total diffusible water and plasma volume in whole blood. Deoxygenation by saturation with carbon dioxide at 25 degrees C caused no change in plasma urea, but a significant increase in plasma protein concentration was induced with both normal and sickle-cell (HbSS) blood. Thus in HbSS blood there was no binding or trapping of water as a result of sickling and there was a normal influx of water into the cells (Bohr effect) despite the polymerization of the hemoglobin molecules with sickling. Consistent with this observation was the finding that the deoxygenation induced a similar increase in concentration of the plasma cations, sodium plus potassium. HbSS erythrocytes neither lost nor gained water under the more physiologic conditions of deoxygenation with a 95% nitrogen, 5% carbon dioxide gas mixture.

The effects of five fish anaesthetics on acid–base balance, hematocrit, blood gases, cortisol, and adrenaline in rainbow trout

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (8) ◽  
pp. 2065-2073 ◽  
Author(s):  
George K. Iwama ◽  
James C. McGeer ◽  
Mark P. Pawluk
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Blood Gases ◽  
Dorsal Aorta ◽  
Acid Base Balance ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Gas ◽  
Blood Ph ◽  
Base Balance ◽  
Deep Anaesthesia

Some physiological aspects of five fish anaesthetics in rainbow trout were investigated. The effects of benzocaine, 2-phenoxyethanol, MS-222 (Sandoz), metomidate, and carbon dioxide gas (CO2) on acid–base regulation, hematocrit, blood gases, and cortisol and adrenaline concentrations were determined in resting rainbow trout fitted with chronic catheters in the dorsal aorta. A severe hypoxia developed with the cessation of breathing in deep anaesthesia. This was accompanied by a rise in blood [Formula: see text] and adrenaline concentration, and a fall in blood pH. Blood bicarbonate concentrations remained unchanged and cortisol concentrations declined with time. There was a transient increase in hematocrit coinciding with the increase in adrenaline concentrations.

Transient model of carbon dioxide desublimation from nitrogen-carbon dioxide gas mixture

2018 ◽  
Vol 127 ◽  
pp. 339-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y.N. Wang ◽  
J.M. Pfotenhauer ◽  
X.Q. Zhi ◽  
L.M. Qiu ◽  
J.F. Li
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Gas Mixture ◽  
Transient Model ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Gas

Thermal Diffusion in Argon–Carbon Dioxide Gas Mixture

1968 ◽  
Vol 48 (11) ◽  
pp. 5238-5241 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. Batabyal ◽  
A. K. Ghosh ◽  
A. K. Barua
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Thermal Diffusion ◽  
Gas Mixture ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Gas

Effects of Exercise Training on the Performance, Growth, and Protein Turnover of Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri)

1987 ◽  
Vol 44 (9) ◽  
pp. 1614-1621 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. F. Houlihan ◽  
P. Laurent
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Control Fish ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Degradation Rates ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Net Protein ◽  
Protein Synthesis And Degradation ◽  
Synthesis And Degradation ◽  
Better Than

Rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) that were made to swim continuously at 1 body length/s for 6 wk had double the growth rate of tank-rested control fish. The endurance to fatigue at a range of swimming velocities of these trained animals was significantly better than that of the controls. Measurement of the rate of protein synthesis in the tissues was carried out by the free pool flooding technique. Protein degradation rates were calculated from the difference between synthesis and net protein accretion. In controls and trained animals the fractional rates of protein synthesis and degradation were ranked gills > ventricle > red muscle > white muscle whereas the efficiencies of conversion of protein synthetised into protein retained as growth were in the reverse sequence. Synthesis rates in three of the four tissues of the trained animals were approximately double those of the control animals. Calculated degradation rates of proteins also increased in the trained animals; the increased growth rates resulted from the proportionately greater increase in the rate of synthesis. The rate of synthesis decreased to control levels once the trained animals ceased swimming.

The Investigation of Soot Free Length of Jet Flame of Propane and Carbon Dioxide Gas Mixture

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Yuling Dou ◽  
Changfa Tao ◽  
Jingwu Wang ◽  
Huaqiang Chu ◽  
Yang Hua ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Gas Mixture ◽  
Jet Flame ◽  
Free Length ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Gas
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