Limited Arsenic Dispersion in Sea Water, Sediments, and Biota Near a Continuous Source

1975 ◽  
Vol 32 (8) ◽  
pp. 1275-1281 ◽  
Author(s):  
William R. Penrose ◽  
Robert Black ◽  
Michael J. Hayward
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Sea Urchin ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Inorganic Arsenic ◽  
Marine Organisms ◽  
Strongylocentrotus Droebachiensis ◽  
Continuous Exposure ◽  
Total Arsenic ◽  
Mine Site ◽  
Continuous Source

Moreton’s Harbour, Newfoundland, has been exposed to arsenic-bearing drainage and leaching from a stibnite mine for at least 38 yr and possibly longer than 84 yr. Measurements of inorganic arsenic in sea water and sediments and total arsenic in some marine organisms revealed a very limited influence of continuous exposure to arsenic in the small harbor. Arsenic concentrations in surface water declined to normal within 200 m, and in sediments within 50 m. Animals did not show significantly higher levels nearer the mine, with the exception of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis, which accumulated significantly higher levels of arsenic adjacent to the mine site.

scholarly journals Direct and latent effects of ocean acidification on the transition of a sea urchin from planktonic larva to benthic juvenile

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Narimane Dorey ◽  
Emanuela Butera ◽  
Nadjejda Espinel-Velasco ◽  
Sam Dupont
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Ocean Acidification ◽  
Sea Urchin ◽  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Strongylocentrotus Droebachiensis ◽  
Energetic Cost ◽  
Continuous Exposure ◽  
Direct And Indirect Effects ◽  
Life History Stages ◽  
Latent Effects

Ongoing ocean acidification (OA) is expected to affect marine organisms and ecosystems. While sea urchins can survive a wide range of pH, this comes at a high energetic cost, and early life stages are particularly vulnerable. Information on how OA affects transitions between life-history stages is scarce. We evaluated the direct and indirect effects of pH (pHT 8.0, 7.6 and 7.2) on the development and transition between life-history stages of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis, from fertilization to early juvenile. Continuous exposure to low pH negatively affected larval mortality and growth. At pH 7.2, formation of the rudiment (the primordial juvenile) was delayed by two days. Larvae raised at pH 8.0 and transferred to 7.2 after competency had mortality rates five to six times lower than those kept at 8.0, indicating that pH also has a direct effect on older, competent larvae. Latent effects were visible on the larvae raised at pH 7.6: they were more successful in settling (45%) and metamorphosing (30%) than larvae raised at 8.0 (17 and 1% respectively). These direct and indirect effects of OA on settlement and metamorphosis have important implications for population survival.

Chemical forms of Arsenic in Marine Organisms, with Emphasis on Hemifusus Species

1986 ◽  
Vol 18 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 213-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. H. Phillips ◽  
Michael H. Depledge
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Speciation ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Inorganic Arsenic ◽  
Marine Organisms ◽  
Marine Biota ◽  
Chemical Forms ◽  
Total Arsenic ◽  
Catabolic Pathway ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Very High

Investigations of arsenic in spindle shells (Hemifusus tuba and H. ternatanus) in Hong Kong have revealed moderate to high concentrations of total arsenic in soft tissues. Levels of inorganic arsenic vary considerably between the tissues in these gastropods, being very high in the gill but much lower in the foot. The significance of these data in terms of public health is discussed. In addition, the uptake of inorganic arsenic from solution by H. tuba is described. The importance of the precise chemical speciation of arsenic in marine biota is emphasized, and the forms of the element reported to date in marine environments are reviewed. A novel hypothesis is described to account for the derivation of all forms of arsenic found in marine organisms to the present. It is proposed that these diverse compounds all arise from a single anabolic/catabolic pathway concerned with the biosynthesis and turnover of phospholipids.

scholarly journals Contaminants in surface water and sediments near the Tynagh silver mine site, County Galway, Ireland

2015 ◽  
Vol 512-513 ◽  
pp. 261-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. O'Neill ◽  
D.H. Phillips ◽  
J. Bowen ◽  
B. Sen Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Mine Site ◽  
Silver Mine

scholarly journals Carbon-14 in the Southern Indian Ocean

Radiocarbon ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 684-692 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgette Delibrias
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Time Lag ◽  
Vertical Profiles ◽  
Carbon 14 ◽  
Middle Latitudes ◽  
The North ◽  
The Indian Ocean

14C measurements were carried out on sea water samples collected in 1973, in the Indian ocean. The results obtained for 9 vertical profiles between 27° S and 48°S are presented. In surface water, the bomb 14C content is maximum at middle latitudes. A time lag relative to the north hemisphere bomb 14C delivery is apparent. In the more southern latitudes, 14C content remains very low.

scholarly journals Interaction between Groundwater and Surface Water / Sea Water

2001 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-42
Author(s):  
Makoto TANIGUCHI ◽  
Hiroyuki TOSAKA
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Sea Water

Stable isotopes in planktonic and benthic foraminifera from Arctic Ocean surface sediments

1988 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 701-709 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. E. Aksu ◽  
G. Vilks
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Arctic Ocean ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Ocean Surface ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Size Fractions ◽  
Isotopic Compositions ◽  
Isotopic Analyses ◽  
Stable Isotopic ◽  
Surface Water Salinity

Oxygen and carbon isotopic analyses have been performed on the tests of Planulina wuellerstorfi and three size fractions of sinistral Neogloboquadrina pachyderma recovered from 33 Arctic Ocean surface-sediment samples. Stable isotopic compositions of N. pachyderma are found to be dependent on the test size: larger specimens show considerable enrichment in both δ18O and δ18C. The difference between the isotopic compositions of the 63–125 and 125–250 μm size fractions in N. pachyderma can be explained by biogenic fractionation effects during foraminiferal test growth. Larger (250–500 μm) N. pachyderma displayed accretions of secondary calcite, i.e., the outermost shell contained significant amounts of inorganically precipitated magnesium calcite. Thus, larger foraminifera may not be suited for down-core stable isotopic studies. There is a difference of ~2‰ between δ18O values of surface samples from the eastern and western Arctic Ocean, reflecting large differences between surface-water salinity in these regions. Therefore, oxygen isotopic data may have limited use as a chronostratigraphic tool in down-core studies in the Arctic Ocean, but we can use them to infer past variations in surface-water salinities. Planulina wuellerstorfi also showed depletions of both δ18O and δ18C in its calcite tests relative to calcite precipitated in isotopic equilibrium with ambient sea water; these depletions ranged from −0.8 to −0.9‰ in δ18Oand −1.2 to −0.9‰ in δ18C. This taxon is found to deposit its shell very close to the δ18C of ΣCO2 of bottom waters.

scholarly journals New microsatellite loci for the green sea urchin Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis using universal M13 labelled markers

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 699 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc B Anglès d’Auriac ◽  
Anders Hobæk ◽  
Hartvig Christie ◽  
Hege Gundersen ◽  
Camilla Fagerli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Urchin ◽  
Microsatellite Loci ◽  
Strongylocentrotus Droebachiensis ◽  
Green Sea Urchin

Cytasters induced within unfertilized sea-urchin eggs

1983 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 175-189
Author(s):  
R. Kuriyama ◽  
G.G. Borisy
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Sea Urchin ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Sea Urchin Eggs ◽  
Microtubule Organizing Centres ◽  
Treatment Step

Conditions that induce the formation of asters in unfertilized sea-urchin eggs have been investigated. Monasters were formed by treatment of eggs with acidic or basic sea-water, or procaine- or thymol-containing sea-water. A second treatment step, incubation with D2O-containing, ethanol-containing or hypertonic sea-water induced multiple cytasters. The number and size of cytasters varied according to the concentration of agents and duration of the first and second treatments, and also upon the species of eggs and the season in which the eggs were obtained. Generally, a longer second treatment or a higher concentration of the second medium resulted in a higher number of cytasters per egg. Asters were isolated and then examined by light and electron microscopy. Isolated monasters apparently lacked centrioles, whereas cytasters obtained from eggs undergoing the two-step treatment contained one or more centrioles. Up to eight centrioles were seen in a single aster; the centrioles appeared to have been produced during the second incubation. Centrospheres prepared from isolated asters retained the capacity to nucleate the formation of microtubules in vitro as assayed by light and electron microscopy. Many microtubules radiated from the centre of isolated asters, whether they contained centrioles or not. This observation is consistent with many other reports that microtubule-organizing centres need not contain centrioles.

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