Physiological Changes During the Course of Blooms of Aphanizomenon flos-aquae

1976 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. P. Healey ◽  
L. L. Hendzel
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Deficiency ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Physiological Changes ◽  
Cellular Composition ◽  
P Deficiency ◽  
Batch Cultures ◽  
Prairie Lakes ◽  
N Deficiency

Several aspects of the cellular composition and metabolism of Aphanizomenon flos-aquae (L.) Ralfs were measured during the course of four blooms in small prairie lakes. Much larger changes were observed in these than in the nutrient concentrations of the water, suggesting the former to be more sensitive indicators of the progress of the bloom. These changes were reminiscent of the changes in batch cultures growing into nutrient deficiency. All four blooms developed characteristics of P deficiency, and to a lesser extent of N deficiency. In spite of their similar characteristics, three blooms collapsed dramatically, while the fourth did not. While P deficiency seems to play an important part in setting conditions for a collapse, it is not the factor that triggers the collapse.

Physiological Indicators of Nutrient Deficiency in Lake Phytoplankton

1980 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 442-453 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. P. Healey ◽  
L. L. Hendzel
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Deficiency ◽  
Light Limitation ◽  
P Deficiency ◽  
Physiological Indicators ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Loading Ratio ◽  
N Deficiency ◽  
Composition Ratios ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus ◽  
Net Phytoplankton

Physiological indicators of N and P deficiency were measured in summer populations of several central Canadian lakes. Measurements included six composition ratios (P/C, N/C, N/P, ATP/C, chlorophyll a/C, and protein/carbohydrate) and three metabolic indicators (alkaline phosphatase activity and P and N debts expressed per unit particulate ATP). Overall results show P deficiency is generally greater than N deficiency in all the small lakes studied, embracing a wide range of maximum chlorophyll concentrations and N/P loading ratios. In two larger, very turbid lakes, neither P nor N deficiency appeared important, and light limitation is suggested. In a series of lakes of known N and P loading rates, indicators of P deficiency increased but those of N deficiency showed little trend with increasing N/P loading ratio. Some indicators of P deficiency appeared to provide a sensitive means of following the movement of river water, and loss of P from it, through a large lake. Some comparisons of net phytoplankton with total seston showed surprisingly little interference from detritus in these measurements.Key words: deficiency, nitrogen, phosphorus, physiological indicators, phytoplankton

Nutrient status of phytoplankton across a trophic gradient in Lake Erie: evidence from new fluorescence methods

2012 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 94-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kim J. Rattan ◽  
William D. Taylor ◽  
Ralph E.H. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Lake Erie ◽  
Phytoplankton Community ◽  
Nutrient Deficiency ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Pulse Amplitude ◽  
Variable Fluorescence ◽  
Phytoplankton Community Structure ◽  
P Deficiency ◽  
N Deficiency

Variable fluorescence of chlorophyll a was measured by pulse amplitude modulated fluorometry to determine its relationship with measures of nutrient status and phytoplankton community structure in Lake Erie. In 2005, nitrogen (N) deficiency was most common in May, phosphorus (P) deficiency was most common in June, and neither were common in September. The maximum quantum yield (Fv/Fm) measured by pulse amplitude modulated fluorometry was lower in May and June than in September. The observed range of Fv/Fm included many values lower than previously reported in the lower Laurentian Great Lakes, while Fv/Fm values showed strong inverse correlations with indicators of N and (or) P deficiency. Community structure was also associated with nutrient status. Cyanobacteria were common at sites displaying N deficiency, while flagellates dominated P-deficient sites in all basins. N deficiency is surprising in a lake with generally high nitrate levels, but was supported by N debt, particulate C:N ratios and depressed Fv/Fm. Further work to characterize and compare results obtained with different variable fluorescence methodologies is desirable, but the present results support the belief that Fv/Fm can characterize nutrient deficiency of phytoplankton community in this large lake.

Indicators of Phosphorus and Nitrogen Deficiency in Five Algae in Culture

1979 ◽  
Vol 36 (11) ◽  
pp. 1364-1369 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. P. Healey ◽  
L. L. Hendzel
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Deficiency ◽  
Nutrient Deficiency ◽  
Ammonium Uptake ◽  
Resting Cells ◽  
Freshwater Algae ◽  
P Deficiency ◽  
P Protein ◽  
N Deficiency ◽  
Metabolic Activities ◽  
Potential Use

Five freshwater algae (Chlamydomonas reinhardi, Scenedesmus quadricauda, Anabaena variabilis, Pseudoanabaena catenata, and Cryptomonas erosa) were grown in batch culture without nutrient limitation and with various degrees of P and N limitation. They were analysed for several aspects of composition and some metabolic activities of potential use as indicators of nutrient deficiency to aid in establishing values indicative of the presence or absence of nutrient deficiency. Ratios of N/C, P/C, N/P, protein/C, carbohydrate/C, and protein/carbohydrate most clearly differentiated between no, P, and N deficiency. The initial saturated rate of phosphate uptake, P debt, and alkaline phosphatase activity increased distinctly in P deficiency in some of the algae but not in others. Similarly, the initial saturated rate of ammonium uptake and N debt rose in some but not all N-deficient algae. Cryptomonas erosa tended to form walled resting cells (cysts) during growth into P or N deficiency. Key words: algae, nitrogen, nutrient deficiency, nutrient uptake, phosphatase, phosphorus

Extraction of Algal ATP and Interpretation of Measurements

1984 ◽  
Vol 41 (11) ◽  
pp. 1601-1608 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. L. Hendzel ◽  
F. P. Healey
Keyword(s):  
Phosphorus Deficiency ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Nutrient Deficiency ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Short Term ◽  
P Deficiency ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
N Deficiency ◽  
Algal Cultures

We compared ATP samples collected by direct injection with those collected by filtration from exponential and P-limited algal cultures, and from summer populations of several lakes. The direct injection method yielded higher amounts of measurable ATP than did filtration on 2.5- and 4.5-cm diameter membrane filters. ATP lost to the filtrate was negligible. Variation in ATP content with increasing nutrient deficiency was measured on six cultures. ATP/C decreased with N deficiency and to a greater degree with P deficiency. Large changes of ATP/C usually occurred with little change in viability of the cells. Short-term (1 h) nutrient enrichments generally did not change the ATP/C ratio. Phosphorus deficiency tended to increase the chlorophyll/ATP ratio and N deficiency to decrease it. We found that the short- and long-term effects of alkaline phosphatase on ATP extracts from P-sufficient and P-deficient Scenedesmus quadricauda were negligible. There appeared to be little effect on frozen ATP samples stored up to 60 d. Any short-term effects were similarly negligible, since temperature and the addition of P did not affect the rate of ATP loss. The use of 0.33 mol H3PO4∙L−1 as an extractant proved to be completely unreliable.

scholarly journals Restricting Phosphorous Can Manage Growth and Development of Containerized Sweet Basil, Dill, Parsley, and Sage

HortScience ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (11) ◽  
pp. 1722-1729
Author(s):  
Christopher J. Currey ◽  
Vincent C. Metz ◽  
Nicholas J. Flax ◽  
Alex G. Litvin ◽  
Brian E. Whipker
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Deficiency ◽  
Branch Length ◽  
Mineral Nutrient ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Petroselinum Crispum ◽  
Anethum Graveolens ◽  
Time Data ◽  
P Deficiency ◽  
Sweet Basil ◽  
Deficiency Symptoms

The objective of this research was to quantify the effects of phosphorous (P) concentrations on the growth, development, and tissue mineral nutrient concentrations of four popular culinary herbs commonly grown in containers. Seedlings of sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum ‘Italian Large Leaf’), dill (Anethum graveolens ‘Fernleaf’), parsley (Petroselinum crispum ‘Giant of Italy’), and sage (Salvia officinalis) were individually transplanted to 11.4-cm-diameter containers filled with soilless substrate comprising canadian sphagnum peatmoss and coarse perlite. Upon transplanting and throughout the experiment, seedlings were irrigated with solutions containing 0, 5, 10, 20, or 40 mg·L−1 P; all other macro- and micronutrient concentrations were the same across P concentrations. Plants were grown for 4 weeks in a greenhouse; after that time, data were collected. Relationships between height and width and P concentrations were nonlinear for all four species; height and width increased as P increased to more than 0 mg·L−1 until the species-specific maxima; after that time, no further increase occurred. The same trend was observed for the branch length of sweet basil and sage, and for internode length, leaf area, and shoot dry mass of all four species. Although visible P deficiency symptoms were observed for plants provided with 0 mg·L−1 P, there were no signs of P deficiency for plants provided with ≥5 mg·L−1 P, even though tissue P concentrations were below the recommended sufficiency ranges. As a result of this research, containerized sweet basil, dill, parsley, and sage can be provided with 5 to 10 mg·L−1 P during production to limit growth and produce plants without visible nutrient deficiency symptoms that are proportional to their containers.

scholarly journals Nutrient Deficiency Promotes the Entry of Helicobacter pylori Cells into Candida Yeast Cells

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 426
Author(s):  
Kimberly Sánchez-Alonzo ◽  
Fabiola Silva-Mieres ◽  
Luciano Arellano-Arriagada ◽  
Cristian Parra-Sepúlveda ◽  
Humberto Bernasconi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Nutrient Deficiency ◽  
Gastric Epithelium ◽  
Yeast Cells ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Fetal Bovine ◽  
H Pylori ◽  
Pcr Techniques ◽  
Strain Dependent

Helicobacter pylori, a Gram-negative bacterium, has as a natural niche the human gastric epithelium. This pathogen has been reported to enter into Candida yeast cells; however, factors triggering this endosymbiotic relationship remain unknown. The aim of this work was to evaluate in vitro if variations in nutrient concentration in the cultured medium trigger the internalization of H. pylori within Candida cells. We used H. pylori–Candida co-cultures in Brucella broth supplemented with 1%, 5% or 20% fetal bovine serum or in saline solution. Intra-yeast bacteria-like bodies (BLBs) were observed using optical microscopy, while intra-yeast BLBs were identified as H. pylori using FISH and PCR techniques. Intra-yeast H. pylori (BLBs) viability was confirmed using the LIVE/DEAD BacLight Bacterial Viability kit. Intra-yeast H. pylori was present in all combinations of bacteria–yeast strains co-cultured. However, the percentages of yeast cells harboring bacteria (Y-BLBs) varied according to nutrient concentrations and also were strain-dependent. In conclusion, reduced nutrients stresses H. pylori, promoting its entry into Candida cells. The starvation of both H. pylori and Candida strains reduced the percentages of Y-BLBs, suggesting that starving yeast cells may be less capable of harboring stressed H. pylori cells. Moreover, the endosymbiotic relationship between H. pylori and Candida is dependent on the strains co-cultured.

scholarly journals Host Tree Identity Influences Leaf Nutrient Relations of the Epiphyte Dendrobium guamense Ames.

Horticulturae ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Marler
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Litter ◽  
Nutrient Deficiency ◽  
Host Tree ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Epiphytic Orchid ◽  
Green Leaves ◽  
Manganese Zinc ◽  
Host Identity ◽  
Calcium Iron ◽  
Iron Manganese

Epiphytic orchid species grow in stressful conditions that include nutrient deficiency. A greater understanding of the factors that influence epiphytic orchid nutrition may benefit conservationists and horticulturists. Green and senesced leaf nutrient concentrations of the epiphytic Dendrobium guamense were quantified among six host tree species to more fully understand the role of contrasting host identity. Green leaves for D. guamense plants on species with vertical stems contained greater nitrogen, calcium, iron, manganese, zinc, and boron concentrations. Green leaves for D. guamense plants on species with horizontal stems contained greater phosphorus, magnesium, and copper concentrations. Senesced D. guamense leaves followed similar patterns among the host species for all elements except calcium, manganese, and boron. The stoichiometry among green leaf macronutrients indicated nitrogen was most limiting, and the limitation was more severe for plants on horizontal stems. Carbon:nitrogen of senesced leaves indicated D. guamense plants on vertical stems produced higher quality leaf litter, predicting slower decomposition of orchid leaf litter from plants growing on hosts with horizontal stems. The results may improve horticultural decisions to support conservation efforts and show that host identity is a variable that should be more fully studied to understand epiphyte biology.

scholarly journals Nutrient availability at different altitudes in a tropical montane forest in Ecuador

2008 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 397-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathalie Soethe ◽  
Johannes Lehmann ◽  
Christof Engels
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Nutrient Deficiency ◽  
Montane Forest ◽  
Plant Litter ◽  
Tropical Montane Forest ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Organic Layer ◽  
High Altitudes ◽  
Soil Organic Layer ◽  
C:P Ratios

AbstractWe measured macronutrient concentrations in soils and leaves of trees, shrubs and herbs at 1900, 2400 and 3000 m in an Ecuadorian tropical montane forest. Foliar N, P, S and K concentrations in trees were highest at 1900 m (21.7, 2.2, 1.9 and 10.0 mg g−1). At 2400 and 3000 m, foliar concentrations of N, P, S and K were similar to nutrient concentrations in tropical trees with apparent nutrient deficiency, as presented in literature. Unlike foliar nutrient concentrations, the amounts of plant-available nutrients in mineral soil were not affected by altitude or increased significantly with increasing altitude. High C:N ratios (25:1 at 2400 m and 34:1 at 3000 m) and C:P ratios (605:1 at 2400 m and 620:1 at 3000 m) in the soil organic layer suggested slow mineralization of plant litter and thus, a low availability of N and P at high altitudes. Foliar N:P ratios were significantly higher at 2400 m (11.3:1) than at 3000 m (8.3:1), indicating that at high altitudes, N supply was more critical than P supply. In conclusion, the access of plants to several nutrients, most likely N, P, S and K, decreased markedly with increasing altitude in this tropical montane forest.

scholarly journals Growth of the marine microalga Tetraselmis suecica in batch cultures with different salinities and nutrient concentrations

Aquaculture ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 42 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 207-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaime Fabregas ◽  
Julio Abalde ◽  
Concepcion Herrero ◽  
Buenaventura Cabezas ◽  
Manuel Veiga
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Tetraselmis Suecica ◽  
Batch Cultures ◽  
Marine Microalga

scholarly journals Evaluation of common bean genotypes for phosphorus use efficiency in Eutrophic Oxisol

Bragantia ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 152-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daiana Alves da Silva ◽  
Jose Antonio de Fatima Esteves ◽  
João Guilherme Ribeiro Gonçalves ◽  
Cleber Vinícius Giaretta Azevedo ◽  
Tamires Ribeiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Common Bean ◽  
Nutrient Deficiency ◽  
P Availability ◽  
Phosphorus Use Efficiency ◽  
P Deficiency ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Low Phosphorus ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
P Application ◽  
And Control

ABSTRACT Common bean is one of the most important legumes in Latin America, mostly grown in soils with low phosphorus (P) availability. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the responses of 20 bean genotypes to P deficiency. The experiment was a completely randomized design in a 2 × 20 factorial arrangement; the first factor consisted of P levels and the second factor, of 20 bean genotypes, with six replications. The substrate was a Red Eutrophic Oxisol with low P content. For application of the P treatments, it was applied simple superphosphate, consisting of two levels: restrictive and control, with the application of 45 and 90 kg∙ha–1 of P2O5, respectively. At 28 days, we observed the first symptoms of nutrient deficiency, with the decrease in the relative chlorophyll index in the restrictive level treatment. In addition, the treatments were effective in differentiating effects of both factors levels of P and genotypes for most traits evaluated relative to shoot, root and grain yield. It was possible to classify the genotypes in relation to use efficiency and responsiveness to P application, according to their average yield performances. Seven genotypes presented better performances for both P levels, being classified as Efficient and Responsive: G 2333, IAC Carioca Tybatã, IAPAR 81, IAC Imperador, IAC Formoso, BRS Esplendor and IPR Tangará; the first four genotypes were also classified as Efficient and Responsive under hydroponic conditions.

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