Restricting Phosphorous Can Manage Growth and Development of Containerized Sweet Basil, Dill, Parsley, and Sage

The objective of this research was to quantify the effects of phosphorous (P) concentrations on the growth, development, and tissue mineral nutrient concentrations of four popular culinary herbs commonly grown in containers. Seedlings of sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum ‘Italian Large Leaf’), dill (Anethum graveolens ‘Fernleaf’), parsley (Petroselinum crispum ‘Giant of Italy’), and sage (Salvia officinalis) were individually transplanted to 11.4-cm-diameter containers filled with soilless substrate comprising canadian sphagnum peatmoss and coarse perlite. Upon transplanting and throughout the experiment, seedlings were irrigated with solutions containing 0, 5, 10, 20, or 40 mg·L−1 P; all other macro- and micronutrient concentrations were the same across P concentrations. Plants were grown for 4 weeks in a greenhouse; after that time, data were collected. Relationships between height and width and P concentrations were nonlinear for all four species; height and width increased as P increased to more than 0 mg·L−1 until the species-specific maxima; after that time, no further increase occurred. The same trend was observed for the branch length of sweet basil and sage, and for internode length, leaf area, and shoot dry mass of all four species. Although visible P deficiency symptoms were observed for plants provided with 0 mg·L−1 P, there were no signs of P deficiency for plants provided with ≥5 mg·L−1 P, even though tissue P concentrations were below the recommended sufficiency ranges. As a result of this research, containerized sweet basil, dill, parsley, and sage can be provided with 5 to 10 mg·L−1 P during production to limit growth and produce plants without visible nutrient deficiency symptoms that are proportional to their containers.

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Nutrient Solution Strength Does Not Interact with the Daily Light Integral to Affect Hydroponic Cilantro, Dill, and Parsley Growth and Tissue Mineral Nutrient Concentrations

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy9070389 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (7) ◽

pp. 389

Author(s):

Christopher J. Currey ◽

Kellie J. Walters ◽

Nicholas J. Flax

Keyword(s):

Nutrient Solution ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Mineral Nutrient ◽

Nutrient Concentrations ◽

Petroselinum Crispum ◽

Anethum Graveolens ◽

Daily Light Integral ◽

Nutrient Film Technique ◽

Growing Environment ◽

Light Integral

Our objectives were to quantify the growth and tissue mineral nutrient concentrations of cilantro (Coriandrum sativum ‘Santo’), dill (Anethum graveolens ‘Fernleaf’), and parsley (Petroselinum crispum ‘Giant of Italy’) in response to nutrient solution electrical conductivity (EC) under low and high photosynthetic daily light integrals (DLI). Three-week old seedlings of cilantro, dill, and parsley were transplanted into nutrient-film technique hydroponic systems with one of five nutrient solution EC treatments (0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, or 4.0 dS·m−1) in greenhouses under a low (~7.0 mol·m−2·d−1) or high (~18.0 mol·m−2·d−1) DLI. The DLI, but not nutrient solution EC, affected culinary herb growth. For example, fresh mass increased by 21.0 (154%), 17.1 (241%), or 13.3 g (120%) for cilantro, dill, and parsley, respectively, for plants grown under high DLI compared to those grown under a low DLI; dry mass followed a similar trend. Tissue nutrient concentrations were generally affected by either DLI or EC. For those nutrients affected by DLI, concentrations increased with increasing DLI, except for potassium (K; all species) and manganese (Mn; dill). For those nutrients affected by EC, Ca and Mg decreased with increasing EC, while the remaining increased with increasing EC. When our tissue nutrient data are compared to recommended tissue concentrations, the vast majority of elements were either within or above recommended tissue ranges for cilantro, dill, and parsley. Our results demonstrate cilantro, dill, and parsley can be successfully grown across a range of EC, regardless of the light intensity of the growing environment.

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Physiological Changes During the Course of Blooms of Aphanizomenon flos-aquae

Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada ◽

10.1139/f76-005 ◽

1976 ◽

Vol 33 (1) ◽

pp. 36-41 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

F. P. Healey ◽

L. L. Hendzel

Keyword(s):

Nutrient Deficiency ◽

Nutrient Concentrations ◽

Physiological Changes ◽

Cellular Composition ◽

P Deficiency ◽

Batch Cultures ◽

Prairie Lakes ◽

N Deficiency

Several aspects of the cellular composition and metabolism of Aphanizomenon flos-aquae (L.) Ralfs were measured during the course of four blooms in small prairie lakes. Much larger changes were observed in these than in the nutrient concentrations of the water, suggesting the former to be more sensitive indicators of the progress of the bloom. These changes were reminiscent of the changes in batch cultures growing into nutrient deficiency. All four blooms developed characteristics of P deficiency, and to a lesser extent of N deficiency. In spite of their similar characteristics, three blooms collapsed dramatically, while the fourth did not. While P deficiency seems to play an important part in setting conditions for a collapse, it is not the factor that triggers the collapse.

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Foliar Micronutrient Application for High-Yield Maize

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy10121946 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (12) ◽

pp. 1946

Author(s):

Zachary P. Stewart ◽

Ellen T. Paparozzi ◽

Charles S. Wortmann ◽

Prakash Kumar Jha ◽

Charles A. Shapiro

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Paired Comparison ◽

Leaf Growth ◽

Nutrient Deficiency ◽

Fe Deficiency ◽

High Yield ◽

Nutrient Concentrations ◽

Yield Response ◽

Critical Levels ◽

Deficiency Symptoms

Nebraska soils are generally micronutrient sufficient. However, critical levels for current yields have not been validated. From 2013 to 2015, 26 on-farm paired comparison strip-trials were conducted across Nebraska to test the effect of foliar-applied micronutrients on maize (Zea mays L.) yield and foliar nutrient concentrations. Treatments were applied from V6 to V14 at sites with 10.9 to 16.4 Mg ha−1 yield. Soils ranged from silty clays to fine sands. Soil micronutrient availability and tissue concentrations were all above critical levels for deficiency. Significant grain yield increases were few. Micronutrient concentrations for leaf growth that occurred after foliar applications were increased 4 to 9 mg Zn kg−1 at 5 of 17 sites with application of 87 to 119 g Zn ha−1, 12 to 16 mg kg−1 Mn at 2 of 17 sites with application of 87 to 89 g Mn ha−1, and an average of 8.1 mg kg−1 Fe across 10 sites showing signs of Fe deficiency with application of 123 g foliar Fe ha−1. Foliar B concentration was not affected by B application. Increases in nutrient concentrations were not related to grain yield responses except for Mn (r = 0.54). The mean, significant grain yield response to 123 g foliar Fe ha−1 was 0.4 Mg ha−1 for the 10 sites with Fe deficiency symptoms. On average, maize yield response to foliar Fe application can be profitable if Fe deficiency symptoms are observed. Response to other foliar micronutrient applications is not likely to be profitable without solid evidence of a nutrient deficiency.

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Effects of Nutrient Solution Concentration and Daily Light Integral on Growth and Nutrient Concentration of Several Basil Species in Hydroponic Production

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci13126-18 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 53 (9) ◽

pp. 1319-1325 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Kellie J. Walters ◽

Christopher J. Currey

Keyword(s):

Nutrient Solution ◽

Nutrient Concentration ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Solution Concentration ◽

Mineral Nutrient ◽

Nutrient Concentrations ◽

Node Number ◽

Sweet Basil ◽

Nutrient Film Technique ◽

Tissue Nutrient Concentrations

Our objective was to quantify the effect of mineral nutrient concentration of a nutrient solution on the growth of basil species and cultivars grown under high and low photosynthetic daily light integrals (DLIs). Sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum ‘Nufar’), lemon basil (O. ×citriodorum ‘Lime’), and holy basil (O. tenuiflorum ‘Holy’) seedlings were transplanted into nutrient-film technique (NFT) systems with different nutrient solution electrical conductivities (EC; 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, or 4.0 dS·m–1) in greenhouses with a low (≈7 mol·m–2·d–1) or high (≈15 mol·m–2·d–1) DLI. Although nutrient solution EC did not affect growth and morphology, increasing DLI did. For example, when sweet basil was grown under a high DLI, the fresh and dry weight, height, and node number increased by 144%, 178%, 20%, and 18%, respectively, compared with plants grown under the low DLI, and branching was also stimulated. In contrast, DLI had little effect on tissue nutrient concentration, although nutrient solution did. Most tissue nutrient concentrations increased with increasing EC, with the exception of Mg and Ca. For example, N in sweet basil increased by 0.6% to 0.7% whereas Mg decreased by 0.2% as EC increased from 0.5 to 4.0 dS·m–1. Across treatments and basil species, tissue nutrient concentrations were generally within recommended ranges with no visible deficiencies. Based on our results, nutrient solution concentrations for hydroponic basil production can be selected based on factors such as other species grown in the same solution or by reducing fertilizer inputs.

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Modeling growth and development of hydroponically grown dill, parsley, and watercress in response to photosynthetic daily light integral and mean daily temperature

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0248662 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (3) ◽

pp. e0248662

Author(s):

Kellie J. Walters ◽

Roberto G. Lopez

Keyword(s):

Growth And Development ◽

Branch Length ◽

Daily Temperature ◽

Fresh Mass ◽

Petroselinum Crispum ◽

Anethum Graveolens ◽

Branch Number ◽

Crop Models ◽

Daily Light Integral ◽

Light Integral

In controlled environments, crop models that incorporate environmental factors can be developed to optimize growth and development as well as conduct cost and/or resource use benefit analyses. The overall objective of this study was to model growth and development of dill ‘Bouquet’ (Anethum graveolens), parsley ‘Giant of Italy’ (Petroselinum crispum), and watercress (Nasturtium officinale) in response to photosynthetic daily light integral (DLI) and mean daily temperature (MDT). Plants were grown hydroponically in five greenhouse compartments with MDTs ranging from 9.7 to 27.2 °C under 0%, 30%, or 50% shade cloth to create DLIs ranging from 6.2 to 16.9 mol·m‒2·d‒1. MDT and DLI interacted to influence dill fresh mass and height, and watercress maximum quantum yield of dark adapted leaves (Fv/Fm), height, and branch number while only MDT affected dill leaf number and watercress fresh mass and branch length. Besides dry matter concentration (DMC), parsley was influenced by MDT and not DLI. Increasing MDT from ≈10 to 22.4 °C (parsley) or 27.2 °C (dill and watercress), linearly or near-linearly increased fresh mass. For dill, increasing DLI decreased fresh mass when MDT was low (9.7 to 13.9 °C) and increased fresh mass when MDT was high (18.4 to 27.2 °C). DMC of dill, parsley, and watercress increased as MDT decreased or DLI increased, indicating a higher proportion of plant fresh mass is water at higher MDTs or lower DLIs. With these data we have created growth and development models for culinary herbs to aid in predicting responses to DLI and MDT.

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Nutrient Deficiency Promotes the Entry of Helicobacter pylori Cells into Candida Yeast Cells

Biology ◽

10.3390/biology10050426 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (5) ◽

pp. 426

Author(s):

Kimberly Sánchez-Alonzo ◽

Fabiola Silva-Mieres ◽

Luciano Arellano-Arriagada ◽

Cristian Parra-Sepúlveda ◽

Humberto Bernasconi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Helicobacter Pylori ◽

Nutrient Deficiency ◽

Gastric Epithelium ◽

Yeast Cells ◽

Nutrient Concentrations ◽

Fetal Bovine ◽

H Pylori ◽

Pcr Techniques ◽

Strain Dependent

Helicobacter pylori, a Gram-negative bacterium, has as a natural niche the human gastric epithelium. This pathogen has been reported to enter into Candida yeast cells; however, factors triggering this endosymbiotic relationship remain unknown. The aim of this work was to evaluate in vitro if variations in nutrient concentration in the cultured medium trigger the internalization of H. pylori within Candida cells. We used H. pylori–Candida co-cultures in Brucella broth supplemented with 1%, 5% or 20% fetal bovine serum or in saline solution. Intra-yeast bacteria-like bodies (BLBs) were observed using optical microscopy, while intra-yeast BLBs were identified as H. pylori using FISH and PCR techniques. Intra-yeast H. pylori (BLBs) viability was confirmed using the LIVE/DEAD BacLight Bacterial Viability kit. Intra-yeast H. pylori was present in all combinations of bacteria–yeast strains co-cultured. However, the percentages of yeast cells harboring bacteria (Y-BLBs) varied according to nutrient concentrations and also were strain-dependent. In conclusion, reduced nutrients stresses H. pylori, promoting its entry into Candida cells. The starvation of both H. pylori and Candida strains reduced the percentages of Y-BLBs, suggesting that starving yeast cells may be less capable of harboring stressed H. pylori cells. Moreover, the endosymbiotic relationship between H. pylori and Candida is dependent on the strains co-cultured.

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Mineral nutrient concentrations in sapwood and heartwood: a literature review

Annals of Forest Science ◽

10.1051/forest:2002059 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 59 (7) ◽

pp. 713-722 ◽

Cited By ~ 110

Author(s):

Pierre Meerts

Keyword(s):

Literature Review ◽

Mineral Nutrient ◽

Nutrient Concentrations

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Leaf—Nutrient Deficiency Symptoms

Botany Illustrated ◽

10.1007/978-1-4615-6567-3_25 ◽

1984 ◽

pp. 25-25

Author(s):

Janice Glimn-Lacy ◽

Peter B. Kaufman

Keyword(s):

Nutrient Deficiency ◽

Deficiency Symptoms

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Micronutrient Availability from Steel Slag Amendment in Pine Bark Substrates

Journal of Environmental Horticulture ◽

10.24266/0738-2898-34.3.67 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 34 (3) ◽

pp. 67-74

Author(s):

James E. Altland ◽

James C. Locke ◽

Wendy L. Zellner

Keyword(s):

Plant Uptake ◽

Steel Slag ◽

Nutrient Deficiency ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Nutrient Content ◽

Sole Source ◽

Pine Bark ◽

Mineral Nutrient ◽

Micronutrient Availability ◽

Base Substrate

Steel slag is a byproduct of the steel industry that can be used as a liming agent, but also has a high mineral nutrient content. While micronutrients are present in steel slag, it is not known if the mineral form of the micronutrients would render them available for plant uptake. The objective of this research was to determine if steel slag could be used as the sole micronutrient source for container-grown nursery crops. Butterfly bush (Buddleja davidii ‘Pink Delight’) and rose (Rosa ‘Radrazz’) were grown in #3 (3 gal) containers in a base substrate composed of pine bark and peatmoss (80:20, by vol). The base substrate was amended with the following treatments: with a complete controlled release fertilizer (CRF) including micronutrients (C-control), a substrate amended with a different CRF containing only N, P, and K along with a granular micronutrient package (M-control), and three additional treatments amended with the CRF (N, P, and K only) and either 1.2, 2.4, or 4.8 kg·m−3 (2, 4, and 8 lb·yd−3) of steel slag. Plants were harvested at 2 and 4 months after potting (MAP). None of the plants displayed any sign of nutrient deficiency or toxicity throughout the experiment. However, plants grown in the substrate amended with the highest slag rate [4.8 kg·m−3 (8 lb·yd−3)] had lower shoot dry weight (SDW) than both control groups. Substrate pH increased with increasing slag rate, which may have affected micronutrient availability in those substrates. Among the micronutrients analyzed, only Copper (Cu) was consistently deficient in both the substrate and foliar tissue of slag-amended treatments. Steel slag either does not provide a sufficient quantity of Cu or the concomitant increase in pH with increasing rates of steel slag renders Cu unavailable for plant uptake. Steel slag should not be used as the sole source of micronutrients for shrubs grown in pine bark-based substrates.

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Systems approaches provide new insights into Arabidopsis thaliana root growth under mineral nutrient limitation

10.1101/460360 ◽

2018 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Nadia Bouain ◽

Arthur Korte ◽

Santosh B. Satbhai ◽

Seung Y. Rhee ◽

Wolfgang Busch ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽

Root Growth ◽

Candidate Genes ◽

Genome Wide Association Study ◽

Functional Module ◽

Molecular Genetic ◽

Chromatin Modification ◽

Nutrient Deficiency ◽

Mineral Nutrient ◽

A Genome

AbstractThe molecular genetic mechanisms by which plants modulate their root growth rate (RGR) in response to nutrient deficiency are largely unknown. Using a panel of Arabidopsis thaliana natural accessions, we provide a comprehensive combinatorial analysis of RGR variation under macro- and micronutrient deficiency, namely phosphorus (P), iron (Fe), and zinc (Zn), which affect root growth in opposite directions. We found that while -P stimulates early RGR of most accessions, -Fe or -Zn reduces it. The combination of either -P-Fe or -P-Zn leads to suppression of the growth inhibition exerted by -Fe or -Zn alone. Surprisingly, Arabidopsis reference accession Columbia (Col-0) is not representative of the species under -P and -Zn. Using a genome wide association study, we identify candidate genes that control RGR under the assayed nutrient deficiency conditions. By using a network biology driven search using these candidate genes, we further identify a functional module enriched in regulation of cell cycle, DNA replication and chromatin modification that possibly underlies the suppression of root growth reduction in -P-Fe conditions. Collectively, our findings provide a framework for understanding the regulation of RGR under nutrient deficiency, and open new routes for the identification of both large effect genes and favorable allelic variations to improve root growth.

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