Discrimination between Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) of North American and European Origin using Restriction Analyses of Mitochondrial DNA

1991 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 884-893 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eldredge Bermingham ◽  
Stephen H. Forbes ◽  
Kevin Friedland ◽  
Carles Pla
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
North American ◽  
Restriction Endonucleases ◽  
The West ◽  
European Origin ◽  
West Greenland ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
The North

Twenty restriction endonucleases were used to study mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) polymorphism in 11 hatchery strains of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) representing geographically separated populations in Europe and North America. The North American salmon mtDNAs studied were readily distinguished, by a minimum of seven restriction site differences, from fish of European origin. These results suggested that restriction analyses of mtDNA might provide a useful method for determining the proportions of European and North American Atlantic salmon caught in the West Greenland fishery. To test this proposition, we analyzed 328 salmon caught in the 1987 West Greenland fishery including 68 fish with coded wire or Carlin tags which provided the geographic source of the tagged salmon. We correctly identified the continent of origin for 67 of the 68 physically tagged salmon using two informative restriction endonucleases. This study provides a clear indication of the usefulness of mtDNA for discriminating between European and North American Atlantic salmon caught in the West Greenland fishery and for mixed-fishery analysis in general.

Effects of Oceanic Variations and the West Greenland Fishery on Age at Maturity of Icelandic West Coast Stocks of Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar)

1989 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis L. Scarnecchia ◽  
Árni Ísaksson ◽  
S. E. White
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
West Coast ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
The West ◽  
West Greenland ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Salmon Fishery

Investigations were conducted on the effects of oceanic variations (as measured by sea temperatures) and catches by the West Greenland salmon fishery on the sea age composition of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) stocks from 21 Icelandic west coast rivers. Annual ratios of grilse to two-sea-winter (2SW) salmon were strongly correlated among the 21 rivers. All eight rivers with time series extending back before the expansion of the West Greenland fishery showed lower ratios during the earlier period. Only 2 of the 21 rivers, however, had significantly declining ratios over their time series. In addition, for only one river was West Greenland catch significantly related to the ratios (P < 0.05), and for only one river did ratios increase when the expanded West Greenland fishery was active. Overall, the effects of the fishery on stock composition are evidently minimal. The mean April–May temperature when the smolts were to migrate out of rivers was significantly and positively related to subsequent ratios for five of the rivers, which, along with correlations among the ratios, indicated that more rapid growth of smolts in their first summer may have increased the ratios of grilse to 2SW salmon on several rivers.

THE IDENTITY OF THE SPECIES OF LEPEOPHTHEIRUS (COPEPODA) PARASITIC ON PACIFIC SALMON (GENUS ONCORHYNCHUS) AND ATLANTIC SALMON (SALMO SALAR)

1958 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 889-892 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Margolis
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
North American ◽  
North Pacific ◽  
Pacific Salmon ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
The North ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The North Pacific

A review of existing descriptions of Lepeophtheirus from salmonids, based on specimens collected mainly from Salmo salar in the European and North American Atlantic and from Oncorhynchus spp. in the Asiatic and North American Pacific, coupled with observations by the author on material from S. salar from England and from Oncorhynchus spp. from a wide range of localities in the North Pacific, suggest that L. salmonis (Krøyer, 1838) is the only species found on salmonids from both oceans. The differentiation of L. uenoi Yamaguti, 1939 as a distinct species on Pacific salmon seems to be the result of incorrect or inadequate early descriptions of L. salmonis.

Multidecadal trends in North American Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) stocks and climate trends relevant to juvenile survival

2003 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
pp. 563-583 ◽  
Author(s):  
K D Friedland ◽  
D G Reddin ◽  
J R McMenemy ◽  
K F Drinkwater
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
North American ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Climate Trends ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
The North

Landings of North American Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) over the past century show multidecadal patterns, which most recently characterize unprecedented declines in abundance. Stock size is compared with sea surface temperature (SST) data in the marine nurseries of post-smolt Atlantic salmon. A previously described correlation between stock abundance and winter SST conditions was again documented; however, of more relevance to the survival of salmon post-smolts, a correlation was also observed between abundance and spring SST in the Gulf of St. Lawrence. The relevance of the winter SST correlation was further investigated by considering winter conditions in the freshwater nurseries as a factor causing elevated overwintering mortality of pre-migrant parr. The salmon abundance time series was compared with air temperature and rainfall trends averaged over time and space. Air temperature and rainfall do not appear to be significant environmental variables in shaping salmon recruitment. The timing of smolt runs appears to be out of synchronization with ocean conditions in the post-smolt nursery areas. The relationship between marine and freshwater impacts may change with changing climate conditions. Persistent positive phase forcing in the North Atlantic Oscillation raises the concern that recent declines in Atlantic salmon are, in part, due to global climate change.

Analysis of mitochondrial DNA in allopatric anadromous and nonanadromous Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar

1986 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 118-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim P. Birt ◽  
John M. Green ◽  
William S. Davidson
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Restriction Enzyme ◽  
Restriction Endonucleases ◽  
Fragment Pattern ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar

Analysis of mitochondrial DNA from allopatric anadromous and nonanadromous Atlantic salmon was conducted using restriction endonucleases. A variant fragment pattern was produced in a single nonanadromous specimen by one restriction enzyme. Fragment patterns produced by all other enzymes did not reveal any variation between or within populations. These results support the hypothesis that the two forms of salmon are very closely related.

scholarly journals Genetic mixed-stock analysis disentangles spatial and temporal variation in composition of the West Greenland Atlantic Salmon fishery

2016 ◽  
Vol 73 (9) ◽  
pp. 2311-2321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian R. Bradbury ◽  
Lorraine C. Hamilton ◽  
Timothy F. Sheehan ◽  
Gerald Chaput ◽  
Martha J. Robertson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
North American ◽  
Temporal Stability ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variation ◽  
Published Data ◽  
The West ◽  
West Greenland ◽  
Archived Samples ◽  
Mixed Stock ◽  
Salmon Fishery

Abstract The West Greenland Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) fishery represents the largest remaining mixed-stock fishery for Atlantic Salmon in the Northwest Atlantic and targets multi-sea-winter (MSW) salmon from throughout North America and Europe. We evaluated stock composition of salmon harvested in the waters off West Greenland (n = 5684 individuals) using genetic mixture analysis and individual assignment to inform conservation of North American populations, many of which are failing to meet management targets. Regional contributions to this fishery were estimated using 2169 individuals sampled throughout the fishery between 2011 and 2014. Of these, 22% were identified as European in origin. Major North American contributions were detected from Labrador (∼20%), the Southern Gulf/Cape Breton (29%), and the Gaspe Peninsula (29%). Minor contributions (∼5%) were detected from Newfoundland, Ungava, and Quebec regions. Region-specific catches were extrapolated using estimates of composition and fishery catch logs and harvests ranged from 300 to 600 and 2000 to 3000 individuals for minor and major constituents, respectively. To evaluate the temporal stability of the observed fishery composition, we extended the temporal coverage through the inclusion of previously published data (1995–2006, n = 3095) and data from archived scales (1968–1998, n = 420). Examination of the complete time-series (47 years) suggests relative stability in stock proportions since the late 1980s. Genetic estimates of stock composition were significantly associated with model-based estimates of returning MSW salmon (individual years r = 0.69, and overall mean r = 0.96). This work demonstrates that the analysis of both contemporary and archived samples in a mixed-stock context can disentangle levels of regional exploitation and directly inform assessment and conservation of Atlantic Salmon in the West Greenland interceptory Atlantic Salmon fishery.

Long-term changes in migration timing of adult Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) at the southern edge of the species distribution

2004 ◽  
Vol 61 (12) ◽  
pp. 2392-2400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francis Juanes ◽  
Stephen Gephard ◽  
Kenneth F Beland
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Life History Trait ◽  
Connecticut River ◽  
Migration Timing ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
The North ◽  
Long Term Changes

The Connecticut River historically represented the southernmost extent of the North American range of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), but the native population was extirpated 200 years ago by dam construction. An extensive restoration effort has relied upon stock transfers from more northerly rivers, especially the Penobscot River (Maine). Recent work has shown differences in age structure between donor and derivative populations. Here we focus on a related life-history trait, the timing of the adult migration. We examined 23 years of migration timing data collected at two capture locations in the Connecticut River drainage. We found that both dates of first capture and median capture dates have shifted significantly earlier by about 0.5 days·year–1. To conclude whether this is a consequence of local adaptation or a coast-wide effect, we also quantified changes in migration timing of more northerly stocks (in Maine and Canada). We found that the changes in migration timing were not unique to the Connecticut River stock and instead observed coherent patterns in the shift towards earlier peak migration dates across systems. These consistent shifts are correlated with long-term changes in temperature and flow and may represent a response to global climate change.

scholarly journals Evolution of the Piscine orthoreovirus Genome Linked to Emergence of Heart and Skeletal Muscle Inflammation in Farmed Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar)

Viruses ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 465 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kannimuthu Dhamotharan ◽  
Torstein Tengs ◽  
Øystein Wessel ◽  
Stine Braaen ◽  
Ingvild B. Nyman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Muscle Inflammation ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
The North ◽  
Farmed Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Associated Pair ◽  
Viral Sequences ◽  
Selection Of

Heart and skeletal muscle inflammation (HSMI) in farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) was first diagnosed in Norway in 1999. The disease is caused by Piscine orthoreovirus-1 (PRV-1). The virus is prevalent in farmed Atlantic salmon, but not always associated with disease. Phylogeny and sequence analyses of 31 PRV-1 genomes collected over a 30-year period from fish with or without HSMI, grouped the viral sequences into two main monophylogenetic clusters, one associated with HSMI and the other with low virulent PRV-1 isolates. A PRV-1 strain from Norway sampled in 1988, a decade before the emergence of HSMI, grouped with the low virulent HSMI cluster. The two distinct monophylogenetic clusters were particularly evident for segments S1 and M2. Only a limited number of amino acids were unique to the association with HSMI, and they all located to S1 and M2 encoded proteins. The observed co-evolution of the S1-M2 pair coincided in time with the emergence of HSMI in Norway, and may have evolved through accumulation of mutations and/or segment reassortment. Sequences of S1-M2 suggest selection of the HSMI associated pair, and that this segment pair has remained almost unchanged in Norwegian salmon aquaculture since 1997. PRV-1 strains from the North American Pacific Coast and Faroe Islands have not undergone this evolution, and are more closely related to the PRV-1 precursor strains not associated with clinical HSMI.

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