Genetic Zoogeography of the Mysis relicta Species Group (Crustacea: Mysidacea) in Northern Europe and North America

1994 ◽  
Vol 51 (7) ◽  
pp. 1490-1505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Risto Väinölä ◽  
Bruce J. Riddoch ◽  
Robert D. Ward ◽  
Roger I. Jones
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Late Glacial ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Northern Europe ◽  
Frequency Variation ◽  
Mysis Relicta ◽  
The North ◽  
Environmental Variations ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Independent Species

The zoogeography and systematics of the Mysis relicta species group were elucidated in an allozyme survey of populations across northern Europe and North America. The North American populations are here identified as an independent species (sp. IV), distinct from the three previously recognized European M. relicta group taxa (spp. I–III). The geographical pattern of gene frequency variation in North America supports a late-glacial colonization by separate eastern and western refugial stocks of sp. IV. In Europe, sp. III is known from a single subarctic lake, while both spp. I and II are widespread. They coexist in the Baltic Sea, but their lacustrine distributions are largely different. Species I accounts for most Fennoscandian populations and those in Poland and Germany whereas sp. II lives in Ireland, parts of southwestern Scandinavia, and Karelia. With the paleohydrographical reference, the distributions suggest that both species survived the last glaciation in proglacial lakes east of the Scandinavian Ice. Subsequent distributional differentiation was influenced by environmental variations; the dispersal of sp. II in southwestern Scandinavia was facilitated by a broader euryhalinity than that in sp. I and other stenohaline "glacial relief" crustaceans. The Irish populations may represent a distinct refugial stock within sp. II.

scholarly journals The early settlement of Northern Europe

Antiquity ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 93 (367) ◽  
pp. 260-263
Author(s):  
Harry K. Robson
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Late Glacial ◽  
Northern Europe ◽  
Ecological Niches ◽  
Isostatic Rebound ◽  
The North ◽  
Early Settlement ◽  
The North Sea ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Temporal Focus

This three-volume publication presents an up-to-date overview on the human colonisation of Northern Europe across the Pleistocene–Holocene transition in Scandinavia, the Eastern Baltic and Great Britain. Volume 1, Ecology of early settlement in Northern Europe, is a collection of 17 articles focusing on subsistence strategies and technologies, ecology and resource availability and demography in relation to different ecological niches. It is structured according to three geographic regions, the Skagerrak-Kattegat, the Baltic Region and the North Sea/Norwegian Sea, while its temporal focus is Late Glacial and Postglacial archaeology, c. 11000–5000 cal BC. These regions are particularly interesting given the long research history, which goes back as far as the nineteenth century (see Gron & Rowley-Conwy 2018), and the numerous environmental changes that have taken place throughout the Holocene: the presence of ice until c. 7500 cal BC, isostatic rebound alongside sea-level rise and the formation of the Baltic Sea, all of which have contributed to the preservation of outstanding archaeology.

Anadromous Sturgeons: Habitats, Threats, and Management

2007 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
North Atlantic Ocean ◽  
Atlantic Coast ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Temperature Adaptation ◽  
Atlantic Sturgeon ◽  
The North ◽  
European Sturgeon ◽  
The Baltic

<em>Abstract.</em> - Sea sturgeons are closely related anadromous fishes inhabiting both shores of the North Atlantic Ocean. They are classified in two species: the European sturgeon <em>Acipenser sturio</em> in Europe and the Atlantic sturgeon <em>A. oxyrinchus</em> in North America. The Atlantic sturgeon is further separated into two subspecies: Atlantic sturgeon (North American East Coast populations) <em>A. o. oxyrinchus</em> and Gulf sturgeon <em>A. o. desotoi. </em>Most recent studies of morphology and genetics support these classifications. Furthermore, they produced evidence for a trans-Atlantic colonization event during the early Middle Ages. Atlantic sturgeon colonized Baltic waters, founding a self-reproducing population before they became extinct due to anthropogenic reasons. Today, populations of Atlantic sturgeon are found along the Atlantic Coast from the St. Johns River, Florida to the St. Lawrence River, Quebec, whereas only one relict spawning population of European sturgeon still exists in the Gironde River, France. The evidence of a population of Atlantic sturgeon in Baltic waters requires a detailed comparison of both sea sturgeon species, describing differences and similarities, which may influence the ongoing restoration projects in Europe as well as concerning conservation efforts in North America. This article reviews similarities and differences in the fields of genetics, morphology, and ecological adaptation of European sturgeon and Atlantic sturgeon, concluding that, besides morphological and genetic differences, a wider range of spawning temperatures in Atlantic sturgeon is evident. This wider temperature adaptation may be a selective advantage under fast-changing climatic conditions, possibly the mechanism that enabled the species shift in the Baltic Sea during the Middle Ages.

Two new European species of Delia Robineau-Desvoidy (Diptera: Anthomyiidae) with a bipartite male sternite III

Zootaxa ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 1469 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-57
Author(s):  
VERNER MICHELSEN
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
North America ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Northern Europe ◽  
Abdominal Sternite ◽  
Northern Sweden ◽  
European Species ◽  
Two New Species ◽  
Southern Norway ◽  
Japan And China

Two species within the Delia cardui species group were known to have males with the abdominal sternite III bipartite or very deeply incised, viz., D. bipartita Suwa from Japan and China and D. polaris Griffiths from extreme northern and high-altitude sites in North America. Two new species with this extraordinary character are described from northern Europe: D. rimiventris sp. nov. from southern Norway (Vest-Agder; Oppland) and southern Finland (Regio aboensis; Karelia australis) and D. bipartitoides sp. nov. from northern Sweden (Norrbotten). Further records of the latter species from Mongolia and Russia (Yakutia) are given. A discussion and redefinition of the Delia cardui species group and a key to male Delia with a divided sternite III are given.

Revision of the North American species of the genus Entomacis (Hymenoptera: Diapriidae)

2004 ◽  
Vol 136 (3) ◽  
pp. 323-405 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew J. Yoder
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
North American ◽  
Species Group ◽  
North American Species ◽  
The North ◽  
The Status ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Character Complexes ◽  
Species Taxonomy ◽  
North America North

AbstractThe species of the genus Entomacis Foerster in North America north of Mexico are revised. Nineteen species (12 new), including 8 species of the Holarctic-wide perplexa species group, are keyed, described, and figured. These taxa are E. ambigua (Brues), E. apopkaensissp. nov., E. arcticasp. nov., E. cellariasp. nov., E. cepasp. nov., E. eorariasp. nov., E. floridana (Ashmead), E. grandiclavasp. nov., E. longii (Ashmead), E. mellipetiola (Ashmead), E. parambiguasp. nov., and perplexa group members E. californica (Ashmead), E. microbipunctatasp. nov., E. notioxerasp. nov., E. oulasp. nov., E. parvasp. nov., E. perplexa (Haliday), E. sapratasp. nov., and E. subemarginata (Ashmead). Hemilexodes canadensis (Harrington) is synonymized under Entomacis mellipetiola (Ashmead) (syn. nov.). The status of Entomacis latipennis (Ashmead), E. filiformis (Ashmead), and Hemilexis jessei Mann is reviewed. New character complexes, particularly chaetotaxy, are emphasized for Diapriidae species taxonomy.

The Making of a Timber Colony: British North America, the Navy Board, and Global Resource Extraction in the Age of Napoleon

Itinerario ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 466-488
Author(s):  
Martin Crevier
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Brazilian Coast ◽  
Western Cape ◽  
Lower Canada ◽  
British North America ◽  
Ecological Relationships ◽  
The North ◽  
Naval Stores ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
British State

AbstractThis article recounts the worldwide search for timber undertaken by the Navy Board, the administrative body under the authority of the Admiralty responsible for the supply of naval stores and the construction and repair of ships during the Napoleonic Wars. The closure of the Baltic by France and its European allies is considered the main factor in making British North America a timber colony. Yet the process through which the forests of the Laurentian Plateau and the North Appalachians came to fuel the dockyards of England and Scotland is taken for granted. To acquire this commodity, through merchants, diplomats, and commissioned agents, the power of the British state reached globally, reshaped ecological relationships, and integrated new landscapes to the Imperial economy. Many alternatives to the Baltic were indeed considered and tentatively exploited. Only a mixture of contingency, political factors, and environmental constraints forced the Board to contract in Lower Canada and New Brunswick rather than in areas such as the Western Cape, the Brazilian coast, or Bombay's hinterland.

The Contribution of River Systems to the Input of Pollutants to the Marine Environment in Northern Europe

1984 ◽  
Vol 16 (5-7) ◽  
pp. 83-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
R F Critchley
Keyword(s):  
North Sea ◽  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Substantial Contribution ◽  
Northern Europe ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Pollutant Load ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Sea ◽  
Main Input ◽  
The Baltic

Published information on the input of pollutants to the North Sea has been used to identify the major pollutant pathways. Rivers and atmospheric deposition are the main input routes for metals, with the Rhine/Meuse and the Elbe contributing over half the riverine input. The dumping of estuarine dredging spoils results in a very large input of metals, which cannot be fully accounted for as a redistribution of riverine material unless the river inputs have been grossly underestimated. Rivers provide the largest input route for nutrients, but a substantial contribution is also made by direct discharges to coastal waters and estuaries. Sewage sludge dumping contributes less than 5% to the pollutant load to the North Sea. Similar assessments have also been made for the Baltic Sea and the major UK estuaries.

HISTORIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW

2001 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 541-558
Author(s):  
S. C. ROWELL
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Small Towns ◽  
Northern Europe ◽  
New Work ◽  
Baltic Region ◽  
The Past ◽  
The North ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
The Baltic

Since the breakdown of the Soviet Union and Swedish socialism the Baltic region has attracted more attention, although not perhaps as much as it might deserve, than since the 1930s. English-speaking readers have been presented with a magisterial survey of the northern world over a five hundred years' period. However, many of the old stereotypes of war, pestilence, and the rise of Sweden under Gustav Adolphus, the lion of the north, and of Russia under the delusively attractive despots, Peter I and Catherine II (both of whom were essentially Baltic animals), remain unchallenged. Over the past decade much new work has appeared in northern Europe to open a more intriguing and understandable vista – of Baroque vibrancy in art, literature, and architecture; remarkably resilient small towns and efficient manor economies; and powerful interacting religious and political mythologies that combine in a vision of ‘Gotho-Sarmatian’ unity.

Sources of sand and gravel on the Northern European Continental Shelf

1998 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Harrison ◽  
C. Laban ◽  
J. O. Leth ◽  
B. Larsen
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Depositional Environments ◽  
Northern Europe ◽  
Glacial Origin ◽  
The North ◽  
Marine Sand ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Sand And Gravel

AbstractThe extraction of marine sand and gravel has taken place in a number of countries around the North Sea, the Baltic Sea and English Channel for several centuries, but large-scale dredging for aggregates only began in earnest in the 1960s. Today, marine sands and gravels have an increasing role to play in maintaining European supplies of concreting aggregates as well as material for beach nourishment and constructional fill. The distribution of sand and gravel resources offshore is uneven. They vary in their thickness, their composition and grading, and their proximity to the shore. Many deposits lie in places that are currently inaccessible to the dredging industry.This paper outlines the production of marine sand and gravel in northern Europe and describes the distribution, composition and Quaternary origins of the most important marine sand and gravel resources in northern Europe. Examples are given for the UK, the Netherlands and Denmark, and in summary form for France, Belgium, Norway, Sweden, Ireland and Germany. Most marine sand and gravel deposits are of fluvial or glacial origin and have been reworked to varying degrees by marine and coastal hydrodynamic processes. They represent a range of former depositional environments, including fluvial channel-fill or terrace deposits, glacial meltwater plain deposits, seabed lag gravels and degraded shingle beach or spit deposits, as well as modern marine tidal sandbanks and sandwave deposits.

scholarly journals Methane distribution in Holocene marine sediments in the Bornholm Basin, southern Scandinavia

1969 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 21-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jørn Bo Jensen ◽  
Rudolf Endler
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Marine Sediments ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Late Glacial ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Geological Mapping ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Methane Cycle ◽  
The North ◽  
The Baltic

The Baltic Sea is an ideal natural laboratory to study the methane cycle in the framework of diagenetic processes. In this paper we present preliminary geological mapping results from project Baltic Gas, a research project with the overall aim to contribute to the development of a scientific basis for long term sustainable use and protection of the Baltic Sea ecosystem. The Baltic Sea is a marginal sea with a strong permanent haline stratification, which leads to oxygen-poor bottom waters, and which is sometimes interrupted by oxygen- rich saltwater flowing in from the North Sea. The history of the Baltic Sea has resulted in deposition of organic-rich Holocene marine sediments that overlie glacial, late-glacial and early Holocene organic-poor sediments.

SILURIAN STROMATOPOROIDS OF THE MATAPEDIA–TEMISCOUATA AREA, QUEBEC

1966 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin W. Stearn ◽  
Claude Hubert
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
North America ◽  
Great Lakes ◽  
Close Connection ◽  
Northern Europe ◽  
Great Lakes Region ◽  
Widespread Species ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Baltic Area ◽  
A New Species

Stromatoporoids are abundant in parts of the Sayabec, St. Leon, and Mont Wissick formations of Wenlock and Ludlow age in eastern Quebec, Canada. The fauna is a mixture of species from Wenlock strata of northern Europe, the Wenlock and Ludlow beds of Baie des Chaleurs, Quebec, and Niagaran rocks of the Great Lakes region. Clathrodictyon crickmayi and Stromatopora prima show the affinity of the fauna to that described by Parka from Baie des Chaleurs. Densastroma astroites indicates a close connection of the fauna with the rocks of Wenlock age in England and the Baltic area. Stromatopora antiqua shows the affinity of the fauna to that of central North America. Ecclimadictyon fastigiatum is a widespread species in all these regions. A new species of Actinodictyon (A. quebecense) is described. Two unnamed species of Stromatopora and Clathrodictyon cf. podolica make up the rest of the fauna.

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