Groundwater and the selection of spawning sites by brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis)

1995 ◽  
Vol 52 (8) ◽  
pp. 1733-1740 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Allen Curry ◽  
David L. G. Noakes
Keyword(s):  
Brook Trout ◽  
Salvelinus Fontinalis ◽  
Limited Area ◽  
Specific Mechanism ◽  
Spawning Site ◽  
Central Pennsylvania ◽  
Spawning Areas ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Spawning Sites

Spawning areas selected by brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) displayed variable relationships to discharging groundwater across geologic regions. In Canadian Shield waters, spawning was associated with areas of distinct, discharging groundwater. The specific mechanism of selection could not be determined. Groundwater did not appear to influence the selection of individual redd sites within these discharge areas. Competition among females for the opportunity to spawn in a limited area defined by the discharging groundwater appeared to control the selection of redd sites. In southwestern Ontario streams, discharging groundwater was prominent throughout areas of spawning both at redds and at adjacent, nonspawning substrates (≤7 m). Consequently, relationships between groundwater and spawning site selection were ambiguous. On the unglaciated plateau of central Pennsylvania, no groundwater was observed in redds or nonspawning substrates in streams. Brook trout management programmes must consider these groundwater relationships and therefore the impact of land use on groundwater quality and quantity.

Avoidance of Low pH in Selection of Spawning Sites by Brook Trout (Salvelinus fontinalis)

1977 ◽  
Vol 34 (11) ◽  
pp. 2210-2215 ◽  
Author(s):  
David W. Johnson ◽  
Dwight A. Webster
Keyword(s):  
Brook Trout ◽  
Salvelinus Fontinalis ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
Environmental Condition ◽  
Breeding Sites ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Natural Springs ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Key Words Behavior ◽  
Spawning Sites

Brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) show a strong preference for upwelling water in selection of precise spawning sites. Advantage was taken of this behavior in observing discrimination of pH by 48 breeding females. When artificial aquifers delivered ambient (6.7), alkaline (8.0), and acid water (varied at pH 4.0, 4.5 and 5.0 in three trials), females clearly avoided upwellings of pH 4.0 and 4.5 in preference to alkaline and ambient upwelling. Discrimination was not evident at pH 5.0. As natural springs in the Adirondack area are likely to be alkaline, the strong preferences of brook trout for alkaline upwelling water for breeding sites assures a satisfactory environment through egg and larval stages for at least this environmental condition. Key Words: behavior, acidity, brook trout, spawning

Differences in sexual maturity and fall emigration between diploid and triploid brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) in an Adirondack lake

1997 ◽  
Vol 54 (8) ◽  
pp. 1808-1812 ◽  
Author(s):  
J A Warrillow ◽  
D C Josephson ◽  
W D Youngs ◽  
C C Krueger
Keyword(s):  
Brook Trout ◽  
Salvelinus Fontinalis ◽  
Gonadal Development ◽  
Spawning Habitat ◽  
Diploid Males ◽  
Reproductive Risk ◽  
Spawning Areas ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
Adirondack Lakes ◽  
Triploid Fish

High levels of emigration coincident with maturity and spawning have been reported from brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) populations in Adirondack lakes. These lakes typically had few spawning areas and required stocking to maintain populations. We compared diploid and triploid brook trout to identify differences in gonadal development and emigration. Age 1 + and 2 + diploid and triploid brook trout held in captivity were examined internally for gonadal development. More diploid trout were mature than triploid fish (p < 0.01). Of triploid brook trout that matured, all were males. Yearling diploid and triploid brook trout were also stocked into a lake that had an outlet but no spawning areas. During the fall spawning season, only mature yearling triploid males, diploid males, and diploid females were caught in an outlet trap. No triploid females were caught. A greater proportion of diploids emigrated than triploids (p < 0.01). Triploidy in females arrested emigration by preventing sexual maturation. Triploid male brook trout should not be stocked because they can pose a reproductive risk to wild brook trout downstream from lakes. Stocking triploid females could reducefall emigration and thus reduce the loss of catchable brook trout from Adirondack lakes with outlets and little spawning habitat.

Alternative tactics in spawning site selection by brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) related to incubation microhabitats in a harsh winter environment

2012 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 142-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
JAN FRANSSEN ◽  
MARC PÉPINO ◽  
MICHEL LAPOINTE ◽  
PIERRE MAGNAN
Keyword(s):  
Site Selection ◽  
Brook Trout ◽  
Salvelinus Fontinalis ◽  
Alternative Tactics ◽  
Spawning Site

Nutrient-dependent recovery of Atlantic salmon streams from a catastrophic flood

2001 ◽  
Vol 58 (8) ◽  
pp. 1672-1682 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhongyan Weng ◽  
Nandita Mookerji ◽  
Asit Mazumder
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Benthic Invertebrates ◽  
Brook Trout ◽  
Salvelinus Fontinalis ◽  
Recovery Phase ◽  
Stream Communities ◽  
Periphyton Biomass ◽  
The Impact

The impact of a major flood and recovery of the stream communities under contrasting nutrient conditions were studied in two second-order streams of Sainte-Marguerite River, Quebec. A massive flood during the summer of 1996 caused extensive displacement of the stream substratum and severe reductions in the abundance of all biota: periphyton, benthic invertebrates, juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), and brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) (especially in the 0+ age-class). In the postflood recovery phase, nutrient-enriched sections recovered significantly more rapidly than the nonenriched sections. After 1 month, periphyton biomass in the enriched sections had increased to five times that of the preflood levels, and after 2 months, the invertebrate communities had recovered to preflood levels. Fish densities and growth rates also returned to normal levels more rapidly in the enriched sections. Our results suggest that nutrient-rich systems are more resilient to massive disturbances, and so, nutrient enrichment may represent a viable tool for restoring nutrient-limited systems.

Top-Down Effects of Brook Trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) in a Boreal Forest Stream

1992 ◽  
Vol 49 (10) ◽  
pp. 2093-2103 ◽  
Author(s):  
José A. Bechara ◽  
Guy Moreau ◽  
Dolors Planas
Keyword(s):  
Boreal Forest ◽  
Brook Trout ◽  
Salvelinus Fontinalis ◽  
Fish Predation ◽  
Trophic Levels ◽  
Selective Predation ◽  
Fish Introduction ◽  
Forest Stream ◽  
Periphyton Biomass ◽  
The Impact

The impact of fish predation on epibenthic organisms at different trophic levels was studied in a series of replicated experimental outdoor channels fed by a boreal forest stream (Québec, Canada). Brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) were introduced into five of 10 channels according to a randomized block experimental design. Periphyton biomass (expressed as total chlorophyll a and total organic matter) and macroinvertebrate biomass were measured four times during the summer. The biomass of small insects such as Chironomidae was always higher in the presence than in the absence of fish, while the biomass of larger invertebrates such as Baetis (Ephemeroptera) and Psychoglypha subborealis (Trichoptera) was reduced in the presence of fish. Periphyton biomass was significantly greater in channels with fish on the first sampling date after fish introduction but not at later dates. Complementary cage experiments, involving both the inclusion and exclusion of selected invertebrates from periphyton-covered surfaces, demonstrated that the presence of Baetis can reduce the periphytic biomass, while the presence of P. subborealis can reduce the biomass of Chironomidae. Overall, these results suggest that size-selective predation by brook trout can cause profound changes in the structure of epibenthic communities at primary as well as secondary trophic levels.

scholarly journals Spatial shifts in spawning habitats of Arcto-Norwegian cod related to multidecadal climate oscillations and climate change

2008 ◽  
Vol 65 (6) ◽  
pp. 953-962 ◽  
Author(s):  
Svein Sundby ◽  
Odd Nakken
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Time Scale ◽  
Climate Variations ◽  
Interannual Time Scale ◽  
Climate Oscillations ◽  
Spawning Site ◽  
Spawning Areas ◽  
Response To Temperature ◽  
Spawning Sites ◽  
Spawning Habitats

Abstract Sundby, S., and Nakken, O. 2008. Spatial shifts in spawning habitats of Arcto-Norwegian cod related to multidecadal climate oscillations and climate change. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 65: 953–962. Arcto-Norwegian cod tend to produce strong year classes in warm years and poor year classes in cold years. This work shows that spawning intensity at various spawning sites along 1500 km of Norwegian coast is also influenced by climate variations. However, while the recruitment response to temperature is immediate and on an interannual time-scale, the response to changes in spawning site is slower, on a multidecadal time-scale. There have been two cold and two warm periods during the 20th century, cold from 1900 to 1920, warm from 1930 to 1950, cold from 1960 to 1970, and warm since the mid-1980s. A time-series for 1900–1976 on cod roe indices along the coast shows that the southernmost spawning areas are more important during cold periods, and the northernmost ones in warm periods, and coincide with high population fecundity. After 1976, qualitative observations show that there have been poor spawning fisheries in the southernmost spawning areas during the present warm period. From 2003, spawning has been observed along the coast of East Finnmark where it did not transpire during the previous 40 years.

Performance of Domestic, Hybrid, and Wild Strains of Brook Trout, Salvelinus fontinalis, after Stocking: the Impact of Intra- and Interspecific Competition

1990 ◽  
Vol 47 (12) ◽  
pp. 2278-2284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie Lachance ◽  
Pierre Magnan
Keyword(s):  
Interspecific Competition ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Brook Trout ◽  
Salvelinus Fontinalis ◽  
White Sucker ◽  
Catostomus Commersoni ◽  
Oligotrophic Lakes ◽  
Wild Strains ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Response Variables

Wild and hybrid strains of brook trout, Salvelinus fontinalis, showed better rates of recovery (by angling) and yield (kilograms of fish recovered per kilogram planted) than a domestic strain, during the 2 yr following planting, in six small oligotrophic lakes of the Laurentian Shield. Native brook trout and white sucker, Catostomus commersoni, had a significant impact on planted brook trout. Recovery, percent of increment in weight and yield of each planted strain were inversely correlated with (1) the relative abundance of native brook trout, and (2) the occurrence of white sucker, supporting hypotheses of intra- and interspecific competition. Furthermore, the response variables were also inversely correlated with the number of potential competitors, indicating that the impact of native brook trout and white sucker was additive. The recovery in number of planted trout (both years and all strains) was approximately four times higher in lakes with effectively no competitors than in lakes containing both white sucker and native brook trout; the increase in weight was nearly three times higher, and the yield was more than nine times higher. The performances of planted fish were intermediate in the lake containing only native brook trout as competitor.

A Method of Selecting Trout Hybrids (Salvelinus fontinalis × S. namaycush) for Ability to Retain Swimbladder Gas

1970 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Tait
Keyword(s):  
Brook Trout ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Lake Trout ◽  
Salvelinus Fontinalis ◽  
Swimming Ability ◽  
Parent Species ◽  
Scale Selection ◽  
Early Maturing ◽  
Good Repeatability ◽  
Selection Of

A method was developed for selecting hybrid trout for deep-swimming ability, for use in a breeding program to combine in one strain the early-maturing character of brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) with the deep-swimming ability of lake trout (S. namaycush). The method involves testing hybrids in pressure tanks and selecting individuals that, like lake trout, retain most of their swimbladder gas during the test period. For a sample of F2 hybrids the range of pressures at which the fish floated when anaesthetized was almost entirely between the medians for samples of the two parent species. Successive tests of marked individuals showed good repeatability of flotation measurements. The method is concluded to be reliable for large-scale selection of fish with ability to retain swimbladder gas.

Reproductive timing and use of redd sites by lake-spawning brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis)

1997 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 747-756 ◽  
Author(s):  
P J Blanchfield ◽  
M S Ridgway
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Brook Trout ◽  
Salvelinus Fontinalis ◽  
Spawning Activity ◽  
Spawning Period ◽  
Removal Experiments ◽  
Rapid Replacement ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Breeding Seasons ◽  
Selection Of

We provide a detailed description of a salmonine mating system based on daily observations of tagged individuals in a lake-spawning population of brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) throughout two breeding seasons. Actual spawning occurred over a period of ~50 d. Over 90% of spawning males were present soon after spawning commenced and outnumbered females for the duration of the spawning period. The amount of time males and females remained on the spawning grounds increased with body size; however, males were present over a longer period than females of equivalent size. A distinct seasonal peak in spawning activity (~15 d) accounted for 58 and 84% (1994 and 1995) of all reproduction and was coincident with a decline in water temperature below 11°C and increased rainfall. Selection of redd sites by female brook trout was determined by groundwater flow which was significantly greater than at nonspawning sites. A preference for certain redd sites was observed, with 50% of spawnings occurring at 11 sites. The construction of multiple redds and duration in spawning activity by females increased with body size. Extensive reuse of redd sites and rapid replacement of females during removal experiments indicate that redd sites are a limiting resource.

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