Reproductive timing and use of redd sites by lake-spawning brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis)

1997 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 747-756 ◽  
Author(s):  
P J Blanchfield ◽  
M S Ridgway
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Brook Trout ◽  
Salvelinus Fontinalis ◽  
Spawning Activity ◽  
Spawning Period ◽  
Removal Experiments ◽  
Rapid Replacement ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Breeding Seasons ◽  
Selection Of

We provide a detailed description of a salmonine mating system based on daily observations of tagged individuals in a lake-spawning population of brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) throughout two breeding seasons. Actual spawning occurred over a period of ~50 d. Over 90% of spawning males were present soon after spawning commenced and outnumbered females for the duration of the spawning period. The amount of time males and females remained on the spawning grounds increased with body size; however, males were present over a longer period than females of equivalent size. A distinct seasonal peak in spawning activity (~15 d) accounted for 58 and 84% (1994 and 1995) of all reproduction and was coincident with a decline in water temperature below 11°C and increased rainfall. Selection of redd sites by female brook trout was determined by groundwater flow which was significantly greater than at nonspawning sites. A preference for certain redd sites was observed, with 50% of spawnings occurring at 11 sites. The construction of multiple redds and duration in spawning activity by females increased with body size. Extensive reuse of redd sites and rapid replacement of females during removal experiments indicate that redd sites are a limiting resource.

Groundwater and the selection of spawning sites by brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis)

1995 ◽  
Vol 52 (8) ◽  
pp. 1733-1740 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Allen Curry ◽  
David L. G. Noakes
Keyword(s):  
Brook Trout ◽  
Salvelinus Fontinalis ◽  
Limited Area ◽  
Specific Mechanism ◽  
Spawning Site ◽  
Central Pennsylvania ◽  
Spawning Areas ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Spawning Sites

Spawning areas selected by brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) displayed variable relationships to discharging groundwater across geologic regions. In Canadian Shield waters, spawning was associated with areas of distinct, discharging groundwater. The specific mechanism of selection could not be determined. Groundwater did not appear to influence the selection of individual redd sites within these discharge areas. Competition among females for the opportunity to spawn in a limited area defined by the discharging groundwater appeared to control the selection of redd sites. In southwestern Ontario streams, discharging groundwater was prominent throughout areas of spawning both at redds and at adjacent, nonspawning substrates (≤7 m). Consequently, relationships between groundwater and spawning site selection were ambiguous. On the unglaciated plateau of central Pennsylvania, no groundwater was observed in redds or nonspawning substrates in streams. Brook trout management programmes must consider these groundwater relationships and therefore the impact of land use on groundwater quality and quantity.

Comparative Ecology and Behavior of Domestic, Hybrid, and Wild Strains of Brook Trout, Salvelinus fontinalis, after Stocking

1990 ◽  
Vol 47 (12) ◽  
pp. 2285-2292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie Lachance ◽  
Pierre Magnan
Keyword(s):  
Brook Trout ◽  
Salvelinus Fontinalis ◽  
Niche Shift ◽  
Feeding Niche ◽  
Spatially Distributed ◽  
Wild Strains ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Almost All ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Sexually Mature

Two years after planting in six small oligotrophic lakes, domestic, hybrid and wild strains of brook trout, Salvelinus fontinalis, used space and food resources in the same way as native trout. Although trout living with or without white sucker, Catostomus commersoni, were similarly spatially distributed, they had different diets, suggesting a feeding niche shift of trout in the presence of sucker; we concluded that this shift is under phenotypic control because each planted strain came from similar genetic backgrounds. Sexual maturity was related to the size of individuals, regardless of the strain, and males matured before females. Almost all males and females were sexually mature in the first fall after stocking except wild females (3.0 and 75% matured during the first and second fall, respectively). Gonadosomatic indices (GSI) of domestic and hybrid females were similar during the first fall, but the GSI of domestic females was significantly higher than that of hybrid and wild strains in the second fail. Mean egg diameters were similar among the three strains during the two falls, but fecundity of domestic females, after correction for size differences, was significantly higher than that of hybrid females which, in turn, was significantly higher than that of wild ones.

Elevated Levels of Arginine Vasotocin in the Brain of Brook Trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) from Acid Lakes: A Field Test of a Potential Biomarker for Acid Stress

1993 ◽  
Vol 50 (8) ◽  
pp. 1717-1727 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Hontela ◽  
J. B. Rasmussen ◽  
K. Lederis ◽  
H. V. Tra ◽  
G. Chevalier
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Field Test ◽  
Brook Trout ◽  
Salvelinus Fontinalis ◽  
Acid Stress ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
Arginine Vasotocin ◽  
Potential Biomarker ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
The Relationship

The levels of arginine vasotocin (AVT), an osmoregulatory peptide, were determined by radioimmunoassay in brain tissue of brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) of a wide size range (50–380 mm) from softwater Laurentian lakes ranging in pH from 5.0 to 6.9 at different seasons. Multivariate models (ANCOVA) were developed to quantify the relationship between AVT, pH, body size, and season. Brain AVT levels increased with body size, and the allometric slope was highest in the low-pH lakes (pH 5.0-5.5). Although brook trout > 150 mm had higher brain AVT levels at low pH, no significant differences were detected for brook trout < 150 mm. We hypothesize that the sensitivity of brook trout at the parr stage to acid stress may be linked to their inability to mobilize a hormonal response involving AVT. The seasonal variation in brain AVT levels was similar in all the lakes studied, summer levels being the highest. Although this field study revealed that AVT levels depend also on factors other than acid stress (body size and season), our ANCOVA models allow adjustment for the effects of these covariables. Analyses of this type can be used to field test and calibrate biomarkers for use in ecotoxicology.

Genetic and environmental correlates of variation in body weight of brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis)

1995 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 307-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moira M. Ferguson ◽  
Arunas P. Liskauskas ◽  
Roy G. Danzmann
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Brook Trout ◽  
Salvelinus Fontinalis ◽  
Environmental Correlates ◽  
Hatching Time ◽  
First Feeding ◽  
Lake Algonquin ◽  
Nested Designs ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Provincial Park

Families of brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) were produced from adults collected from Mykiss Lake, Algonquin Provincial Park, Ontario, and reared in the laboratory for 1 year. Egg size and hatching time explained a significant amount of variation among families in mean weight of hatched embryos. Heavier embryos were produced from larger eggs, and embryos with earlier hatching times were also larger. First-feeding alevins reared at higher densities were smaller than those at lower densities. Multilocus enzyme heterozygosity was neither a significant predictor of mean family body weight at any age nor significantly associated with body weight of juveniles within families. Analyzing each enzyme locus separately revealed significant effects for G3PDH-1 in two families but in different directions. Fish from two mitochondrial DNA phylogenetic assemblages, A and B, differed significantly in weight as hatched embryos and first-feeding alevins. Similarly, the progeny of different males and females differed significantly in body weight at all ages sampled. Thus, parental effects were the most persistent correlates of body size of all those examined. The statistical analyses and the nested designs suggest that variation in body weight among the progeny of specific parents can partially be attributed to genetic effects.

Integrating the effects of fish exploitation and interspecific competition into current life history theories: an example with lacustrine brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) populations

2005 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 747-757 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre Magnan ◽  
Raphaël Proulx ◽  
Michel Plante
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Interspecific Competition ◽  
Brook Trout ◽  
Reproductive Effort ◽  
Salvelinus Fontinalis ◽  
Adult Survival ◽  
Age At Maturity ◽  
Early Maturity ◽  
Fish Exploitation ◽  
Males And Females

We used data from 17 populations of lacustrine brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) of the Canadian Shield, southern Quebec, to test whether early maturity (in males and females) and high reproductive effort (in females) are associated with increased (i) fish exploitation (sportfishing) and (ii) interspecific competition through their effects on growth and survival. The age at maturity of males and females was inversely related to the intensity of both fishing and interspecific competition. Fishing and interspecific competition affect the age at maturity through their effect on adult survival but not on growth, supporting predictions of life history models based on survival. In contrast, we did not find consistent effects of interspecific competition and fishing on the gonadosomatic index of females, which was directly related to survival (in all populations) and to the age at maturity (in exploited populations). These latter results are contrary to the predictions of life history models under the assumption that survival is directly related to growth rate. Our results suggest that reproductive effort and age at maturity are not dependent on growth when survival is independent of growth, as is the case in exploited and sympatric populations experiencing low adult survival but high growth.

A Method of Selecting Trout Hybrids (Salvelinus fontinalis × S. namaycush) for Ability to Retain Swimbladder Gas

1970 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Tait
Keyword(s):  
Brook Trout ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Lake Trout ◽  
Salvelinus Fontinalis ◽  
Swimming Ability ◽  
Parent Species ◽  
Scale Selection ◽  
Early Maturing ◽  
Good Repeatability ◽  
Selection Of

A method was developed for selecting hybrid trout for deep-swimming ability, for use in a breeding program to combine in one strain the early-maturing character of brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) with the deep-swimming ability of lake trout (S. namaycush). The method involves testing hybrids in pressure tanks and selecting individuals that, like lake trout, retain most of their swimbladder gas during the test period. For a sample of F2 hybrids the range of pressures at which the fish floated when anaesthetized was almost entirely between the medians for samples of the two parent species. Successive tests of marked individuals showed good repeatability of flotation measurements. The method is concluded to be reliable for large-scale selection of fish with ability to retain swimbladder gas.

Response of fish communities to different levels of white sucker (Catostomus commersoni) biomanipulation in five temperate lakes

2001 ◽  
Vol 58 (10) ◽  
pp. 1998-2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philippe Brodeur ◽  
Pierre Magnan ◽  
Michel Legault
Keyword(s):  
Fish Species ◽  
Brook Trout ◽  
Salvelinus Fontinalis ◽  
Fish Communities ◽  
White Sucker ◽  
Age At Maturity ◽  
Catostomus Commersoni ◽  
Mass Removal ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Different Levels

The goal of this study was to evaluate the response of white sucker (Catostomus commersoni), brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis), and other fish species to the mass removal of white sucker in five Québec (Canada) lakes. White sucker removal ranged from 14.2 kg·ha–1 to 31.3 kg·ha–1 3 years after mass removal. In four of the study lakes, the proportion of 2+ to 4+ white sucker increased following mass removal. Mean catch and biomass per unit of effort of 1+ brook trout increased significantly in the lakes where white sucker removal was highest. All white sucker populations experienced growth increases after mass removal, and improved brook trout growth was observed in lakes where the most intensive mass removal occurred. These growth increases led to higher mean length at maturity in white sucker females and decreases in mean age at maturity in white sucker males and brook trout males and females. Mean adjusted fecundity significantly increased in white sucker and brook trout in lakes where mass removal was most intense. The present study suggests that white sucker and brook trout exhibit compensatory responses following a reduction of intra- and inter-specific competition and that these responses are related to the intensity of mass removal.

scholarly journals Is motivation important to brook trout passage through culverts?

2017 ◽  
Vol 74 (6) ◽  
pp. 885-893 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elsa Goerig ◽  
Theodore Castro-Santos
Keyword(s):  
Brook Trout ◽  
Recurrent Events ◽  
Salvelinus Fontinalis ◽  
Time Varying ◽  
Event Analysis ◽  
Dynamic Phenomenon ◽  
Time To Event ◽  
Spawning Period ◽  
Restrict Movement ◽  
Time Varying Covariates

Culverts can restrict movement of stream-dwelling fish. Motivation to enter and ascend these structures is an essential precursor for successful passage. However, motivation is challenging to quantify. Here, we use attempt rate to assess motivation of 447 brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) entering three culverts under a range of hydraulic, environmental, and biological conditions. A passive integrated transponder system allowed for the identification of passage attempts and success of individual fish. Attempt rate was quantified using time-to-event analysis allowing for time-varying covariates and recurrent events. Attempt rate was greatest during the spawning period, at elevated discharge, at dusk, and for longer fish. It decreased during the day and with increasing number of conspecifics downstream of the culvert. Results also show a positive correlation between elevated motivation and successful passage. This study enhances understanding of factors influencing brook trout motivation to ascend culverts and shows that attempt rate is a dynamic phenomenon, variable over time and among individuals. It also presents methods that could be used to investigate other species’ motivation to pass natural or anthropogenic barriers.

Escape Behaviour and Use of Cover by Young-of-the-Year Brook Trout, Salvelinus fontinalis

1987 ◽  
Vol 44 (8) ◽  
pp. 1390-1396 ◽  
Author(s):  
James W. A. Grant ◽  
David L. G. Noakes
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Economic Model ◽  
Brook Trout ◽  
Salvelinus Fontinalis ◽  
Escape Behaviour ◽  
Reactive Distance ◽  
Foraging Rate ◽  
Young Of The Year

The distance between young-of-the-year (YOY) brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) and an approaching observer when the trout first fled (reactive distance) was significantly shorter in areas of high cover than in areas of low cover. Reactive distance was negatively correlated with foraging rate in one stream but not in another. These results provide some support for a recent economic model of escape behaviour. Three measures of willingness to take risks while foraging, reactive distance, latency to forage after a disturbance, and use of foraging sites with overhead cover, increased with increasing body size of YOY brook trout. We suggest that stream-resident salmonids become more wary with increasing size because the relative benefits of growing quickly, and hence taking risks while foraging, decrease with increasing body size.

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