Effects of feeding ration on larval swimming speed and responsiveness to predator attacks: implications for cohort survival

2000 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
John H Chick ◽  
Michael J Van Den Avyle
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Striped Bass ◽  
Swimming Speed ◽  
Larval Growth ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Pomoxis Nigromaculatus ◽  
Alosa Aestivalis ◽  
Fish Predators ◽  
Larval Condition

We conducted laboratory experiments to examine the effects of feeding ration on the routine swimming speed of larval striped bass (Morone saxatilis) and their responsiveness to simulated-predator attacks. Striped bass were reared in low (7 prey·L-1), medium (354 prey·L-1), or high (740 prey·L-1) prey treatments from age 4 to 14 days posthatch. Larvae reared in the low-prey treatment had slower routine swimming speeds and shorter reactive distances and were less responsive to simulated-predator attacks. These differences were most pronounced after age 10 and appeared to be an effect of deteriorating larval condition rather than an effect of size. Simulation models were constructed for two potential fish predators, Alosa aestivalis and Pomoxis nigromaculatus, to examine how variation in growth rate, swimming speed, and responsiveness to predator attacks might influence mortality rate. Our simulations predicted that cohort mortality rate would decrease with increasing larval growth rates, even though faster routine swimming speed and growth rate increased encounter rates with predators. The influence of larval growth rate and responsiveness on mortality rate varied between the two predators, but cohorts experiencing no growth always had the greatest mortality rate.

Variation in Larval Growth Rate among Striped Bass Stocks from Different Latitudes

1998 ◽  
Vol 127 (4) ◽  
pp. 598-610 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Jed Brown ◽  
Amir Ehtisham ◽  
David O. Conover
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Striped Bass ◽  
Larval Growth ◽  
Larval Growth Rate

Environmental Regulation of Growth Rate, Efficiency, and Swimming Performance in Larval Capelin (Mallotus villosus), and its Application to the Match/Mismatch Hypothesis

1982 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 691-699 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth T. Frank ◽  
William C. Leggett
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Prey Capture ◽  
Swimming Performance ◽  
Larval Growth ◽  
Growth Efficiency ◽  
Mallotus Villosus ◽  
First Feeding ◽  
Capelin Mallotus Villosus ◽  
Larval Condition

We examined the influence of in situ environmental conditions on the growth rate, growth efficiency, and swimming ability of larval capelin (Mallotus villosus). Larval growth rate and efficiency prior to first feeding were strongly influenced by temperatures in the beach-rearing environment prior to dispersal. The interacting effects of water temperature and hours of sunlight (solar heating) on this intertidal habitat were the major regulators of growth (R2 ≥ 0.96). A model based on these parameters accurately predicted growth rates of larvae in the gravel sampled in two previous years. Larval condition at the time of dispersal into the pelagic environment was a negative function of the length of time spent in the beach gravel and of temperature conditions during that period. Swimming performance at dispersal was directly related to larval condition. Our data indicate that environmental conditions during the early (preexogenous feeding) period can influence growth efficiency, size attained at first feeding and the prey capture ability of larvae independent of the yolk reserves available at hatching, and the quantity and quality of the food available at the obligatory onset of exogenous feeding.Key words: capelin, Mallotus villosus; growth rate, growth efficiency, swimming performance, larvae, intertidal zone, temperature

Ecology and production of Nebalia sp. (Crustacea : Leptostraca) in a shallow-water seagrass community.

1991 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 53 ◽  
Author(s):  
SF Rainer ◽  
P Unsworth
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Secondary Production ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Seagrass Beds ◽  
Seagrass Meadows ◽  
Seagrass Community ◽  
Field Samples ◽  
Fish Predators ◽  
Nocturnal Fish

Nebalia sp. is an abundant epifaunal crustacean in seagrass meadows at Seven Mile Beach, Western Australia, in water temperatures of 16-27�C. Its maximum length is 6.0-6.4 mm; females generally reach maturity when 4 mm long and males when 5 mm long. They breed throughout the year, and juveniles comprised 94% of animals sampled (n = 880). Males comprised only 11% of mature animals in field samples, compared with 40% in field chambers and 67% in the stomachs of nocturnal fish predators. Abundance during the year reflected changes in growth rate (0.050-0.088 mm day-1), mortality rate (0.020-0.069 day-1) and life span (49-102 days). The annual production of Nebalia sp. in seagrass meadows was estimated at 5.8 g ash-free dry weight (AFDW) m-2, with a corresponding P :B (production:biomass) ratio of 22.5. Predation is probably the main source of mortality at times of high density of Nebalia sp., and at least three significant fish predators on Nebalia sp. were found. Together with Nebalia sp., small crustaceans with high P:B ratios may have a significant role in secondary production in the seagrass beds at Seven Mile Beach.

Food preference and relative influence of temperature and food quality on life history characteristics of a grazing mayfly, Ephemerella ignita (Poda)

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (6) ◽  
pp. 1474-1481 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominique Rosillon
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Food Quality ◽  
Larval Growth ◽  
Developmental Time ◽  
Adult Size ◽  
Temperature Growth ◽  
Rate Range ◽  
Food Conditions ◽  
Increasing Temperature

In choice experiments, starved larvae of Ephemerella ignita (Poda) moved preferentially to compartments with a diatom-rich diet rather than to those with a detritus diet. Growth rate, mortality rate, larval developmental time, adult size, and fecundity of E. ignita were assessed in response to rearing on two diets (diatoms and detritus) at four constant temperatures (4.5 – 18 °C). On each diet, growth rate (range 0.30 – 6.2% length/d) increased with increasing temperature according to a power law (Y = axb). At any temperature, growth rate was significantly higher on the diatom diet than on the detritus diet. Mortality rate (range 0.2 – 6.5%/d) increased with increasing temperature and was higher on the detritus diet than on the diatom diet. Developmental time varied significantly with temperature for animals fed diatoms according to a hyperbolic relationship. The thermal requirement for completing larval growth from hatching to emergence on a diatom diet was estimated at about 950 degree-days above a threshold of 3.5 °C (range 9.5 – 18 °C). Very few larvae reared on detritus achieved the adult stage and their developmental time seemed longer. Subimago weight did not vary significantly with temperature, but fecundity (range 435 – 1320 eggs per female) was significantly lower at 9.5 °C than at 14.5 and 18 °C in larvae fed diatoms. Fecundity of females from larvae fed detritus was very low (range 5 – 150 eggs). The reproductive effort (number of eggs per milligram of subimago weight; range 66 – 125) followed a clear linear increasing relationship with temperature (9.5 to 18 °C) for animals reared on diatoms. Poor food quality could probably restrict distribution of E. ignita by reducing fecundity. In conclusion, these results show that the thermal equilibrium hypothesis must be extended to other environmental factors. They also support the hypothesis of a bivoltine cycle of E. ignita under favorable thermic and food conditions.

Emamectin benzoate is a safe and effective anthelmintic against coelomic nematode Philometra rubra in striped bass Morone saxatilis

2020 ◽  
Vol 142 ◽  
pp. 47-53
Author(s):  
K Béland ◽  
G Séguin ◽  
S Lair
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Striped Bass ◽  
High Mortality ◽  
Morone Saxatilis ◽  
Treatment Results ◽  
Emamectin Benzoate ◽  
Once Daily ◽  
Fish Hatchery ◽  
Parasitic Burden

An unusually high mortality rate due to verminous (Philometra rubra) coelomitis was documented in wild-hatched striped bass Morone saxatilis raised in a fish hatchery as part of a stock restoration program. To decrease the parasitic burden and therefore potentially minimize mortality, the effectiveness of 2 different anthelmintics was evaluated. Two trials were conducted on wild-collected fingerlings naturally infected by P. rubra. In 2006, 144 yearling fish were randomly assigned to 4 experimental groups: (1) levamisole (Levasol®) at 2 mg l-1 via immersion for 8 h once weekly for 3 wk; (2) levamisole at a dose of 2.5 mg kg-1 biomass via feed once daily for 7 d; (3) emamectin benzoate (Slice®) at a dose of 0.05 mg kg-1 biomass via feed once daily for 7 d; and (4) control. Emamectin successfully eliminated live nematodes in 84.9% of the fish, whereas the administration of levamisole, either via immersion or feed, was not successful in significantly reducing the number of live P. rubra. In 2007, the administration of the same dosage of emamectin to approximately 1000 naturally infected yearling striped bass was associated with a 100% mortality rate of P. rubra in the 30 fish randomly examined 5 wk after the beginning of the treatment. Results of these trials indicate that, at the dosage used, the administration of emamectin at the end of the summer is safe for striped bass yearlings and considerably reduces the prevalence and intensity of the infection by this parasite.

Movement, Growth and natural mortality rate of the Red Spot King Prawn, Penaeus longistylus Kubo, from the Great Barrier Reef Lagoon

1990 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 399 ◽  
Author(s):  
MCL Dredge
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Great Barrier Reef ◽  
Annual Variation ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Natural Mortality ◽  
Barrier Reef ◽  
Fishing Mortality ◽  
Nursery Areas ◽  
Reef Lagoon

Movement, growth and natural mortality rate of the red spot king prawn, Penaeus longistylus, occurring in waters of the Great Barrier Reef off Townsville, Queensland, were investigated in a series of tagging experiments. Adult P. longistylus did not migrate after leaving nursery areas. Their growth rate was slower than that of the conspecific species P. plebejus, and significant inter-annual variation in growth parameters was observed. The natural mortality rate, assessed by sequential tagging experiments that eliminated the possibility of confounding with the rate of fishing mortality, was estimated to be 0.072 (week-1).

Larval growth rate is associated with the composition of the gut microbiota in the Glanville fritillary butterfly

Oecologia ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 181 (3) ◽  
pp. 895-903 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Ruokolainen ◽  
S. Ikonen ◽  
H. Makkonen ◽  
I. Hanski
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Larval Growth ◽  
Larval Growth Rate ◽  
Glanville Fritillary Butterfly

scholarly journals Contribution of larval growth rate vairability to the recruitment of the Bay of Málaga anchovy (SW Mediterranean) during 2000-2001 spawning seasons

2003 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 477-490 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto García ◽  
Dolores Cortés ◽  
Teodoro Ramírez ◽  
Ana Giráldez ◽  
Ángel Carpena
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Larval Growth ◽  
Larval Growth Rate

Inhibition of growth rate and swimming speed of the harmful dinoflagellate Cochlodinium polykrikoides by diatoms: Implications for red tide formation

Harmful Algae ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. 53-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
An Suk Lim ◽  
Hae Jin Jeong ◽  
Tae Young Jang ◽  
Se Hyeon Jang ◽  
Peter J.S. Franks
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Swimming Speed ◽  
Red Tide ◽  
Cochlodinium Polykrikoides ◽  
Inhibition Of Growth ◽  
Harmful Dinoflagellate

Early Life History of Fishes in the San Francisco Estuary and Watershed

2004 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
San Francisco ◽  
Striped Bass ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Early Life History ◽  
San Francisco Estuary ◽  
Annual Growth ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Juvenile Abundance ◽  
History Of

<em>Abstract.</em>—We investigated factors affecting growth of larval striped bass <em>Morone saxatilis </em>in the San Francisco Estuary from 1984 to 1993. We estimated ages and growth rates of larval striped bass from daily otolith increments. Mean annual growth rates of 6–14 mm standard length striped bass varied from 0.13 to 0.27mm/d, the lowest rate occurring in 1989 and the highest in 1992. The 1989 growth rate was significantly lower than all other years, and growth rates for 1992 and 1993 were significantly higher than all other years, but did not differ from one another. Differences in annual growth rates apparently were due mainly to differences in mean annual prey densities because growth rate increased as prey density increased. Compared to both laboratory measured growth rates and growth rates of field-caught Chesapeake Bay larvae, growth rates from the San Francisco Estuary appeared to be high for the food available, indicating that larvae can grow at relatively high rates even at low prey densities. Correlation analyses did not support density-dependent control of growth rates. Growth rate was not significantly related to mean annual conductivity, water temperature, mortality rates, or the juvenile abundance index, but was significantly and positively correlated with densities of 1-mm length-groups of 9–14-mm striped bass.

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