Specific genetic markers for wheat, spelt, and four wild relatives: comparison of isozymes, RAPDs, and wheat microsatellites

Three types of markersisozymes, RAPDs (random amplified polymorphic DNAs), and wheat microsatelliteswere tested on wheat, spelt, and four wild wheat relatives (Aegilops cylindrica, Elymus caninus, Hordeum marinum, and Agropyron junceum). The aim was to evaluate their capability to provide specific markers for differentiation of the cultivated and wild species. The markers were set up for subsequent detection of hybrids and introgression of wheat DNA into wild relatives. All markers allowed differentiation of the cultivated from the wild species. Wheat microsatellites were not amplified in all the wild relatives, whereas RAPDs and isozymes exhibited polymorphism for all species. The dendrograms obtained with RAPD and isozyme data separated Swiss wheat cultivars from those collected in Austria and England, while no difference was found between Swiss spelt and wheat. RAPD data provided a weak discrimination between English and Austrian E. caninus. The microsatellite-based dendrogram discriminated populations of Ae. cylindrica, but no clear separation of H. marinum from E. caninus was revealed. The similarity matrices based on the three different sets of data were strongly correlated. The highest value was recorded between the matrices based on RAPDs and isozymes (Mantel's test, r = 0.93). Correlations between the similarity matrix based on microsatellites and matrices based on RAPDs and isozymes were lower: 0.74 and 0.68, respectively. While microsatellites are very useful for comparisons of closely related accessions, they are less suitable for studies involving less-related taxa. Isozymes provide interesting markers for species differentiation, but their use seems less appropriate for studies of within-species genetic variation. RAPDs can produce a large set of markers, which can be used for the evaluation of both between- and within-species genetic variation, more rapidly and easily than isozymes and microsatellites.Key words: Triticeae, isozymes, RAPDs, microsatellites, polymorphism.

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Genetic diversity in Elymus caninus as revealed by isozyme, RAPD, and microsatellite markers

Genome ◽

10.1139/g98-130 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 42 (3) ◽

pp. 420-431 ◽

Cited By ~ 35

Author(s):

Gen-Lou Sun ◽

Oscar Díaz ◽

Björn Salomon ◽

Roland von Bothmer

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Genetic Variation ◽

Microsatellite Markers ◽

Correlation Coefficients ◽

Geographic Isolation ◽

Elymus Caninus ◽

Distance Matrices ◽

High Level ◽

Mantel’S Test ◽

Similarity Matrices

Genetic diversity of 33 Elymus caninus accessions was investigated using isozyme, RAPD, and microsatellite markers. The three assays differed in the amount of polymorphism detected. Microsatellites detected the highest polymorphism. Six microsatellite primer pairs generated a total of 74 polymorphic bands (alleles), with an average of 15.7 bands per primer pair. Three genetic similarity matrices were estimated based on band presence or absence. Genetic diversity trees (dendrograms) were derived from each marker technique, and compared using Mantel's test. The correlation coefficients were 0.204, 0.267, and 0.164 between isozyme and RAPD distance matrices, RAPD and microsatellite distance matrices, and between isozyme and microsatellite distance matrices, respectively. The three methodologies gave differing views of the amount of variation present but all showed a high level of genetic variation in E. caninus. The following points may be drawn from this study whether based on RAPD, microsatellite, or isozyme data: (i) The Icelandic populations are consistently revealed by the three dendrograms. The congruence of the discrimination of this accession group by RAPD, microsatellite, and isozyme markers suggests that geographic isolation strongly influenced the evolution of the populations; (ii) The degree of genetic variation within accessions was notably great; and (iii) The DNA-based markers will be the more useful ones in detecting genetic diversity in closely related accessions. In addition, a dendrogram, which took into account all fragments produced by isozymes, RAPDs, and microsatellites, reflected better the relationships than did dendrograms based on only one type of marker.Key words: Elymus caninus, genetic diversity, isozymes, RAPDs, microsatellites.

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Variation in the morphology and flowering time of cluster clover (Trifolium glomeratum L.) and its relationship to distribution in southern Australia

Australian Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.1071/ar9951027 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 46 (5) ◽

pp. 1027 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

FP Smith ◽

PS Cocks ◽

MA Ewing

Keyword(s):

Genetic Variation ◽

Flowering Time ◽

Seed Mass ◽

Annual Rainfall ◽

Strongly Correlated ◽

Summer Maximum ◽

Maximum Temperatures ◽

Pattern Of Variation ◽

Growth Habits

Cluster clover is a widely distributed and ecologically successful introduced legume in southern Australia. In an attempt to understand the role of genetic variation in this success, morphological and physiological traits were measured in 94 accessions from southern Australia and 6 from the Mediterranean basin. Flowering time ranged from 105 to 185 days after sowing, but was not strongly correlated with annual rainfall or length of growing season at the site of collection. Variation in other traits partitioned the populations into two morphs which, apart from flowering time and leaf marker, were largely homogeneous. The morphs differed significantly in floret number per inflorescence (22 v. 32-37) and seed mass (379 8g v. 523 8g), had different growth habits and strong within-morph associations between leaf markers and stipule and petal coloration. The morphs differed in their distributions within southern Australia and the pattern of distribution was related to summer maximum temperatures, winter minimum temperatures and spring rainfall. These results demonstrate that genetic variation has been important to the success of cluster clover and suggests that the variation is organized. The pattern of variation observed and its relationship to ecogeography is consistent with findings for other highly inbreeding species. A map of the species distribution in Western Australia is presented.

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Molecular diversity analysis in hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and two Aegilops species (Aegilops crassa and Aegilops cylindrica) using CBDP and SCoT markers

Journal of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology ◽

10.1186/s43141-021-00157-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Ghazal Ghobadi ◽

Alireza Etminan ◽

Ali Mehras Mehrabi ◽

Lia Shooshtari

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Triticum Aestivum ◽

Gene Diversity ◽

Polymorphic Information Content ◽

Crop Improvement ◽

Wild Relatives ◽

Resolving Power ◽

Start Codon ◽

Aegilops Cylindrica ◽

Aegilops Crassa

Abstract Background Evaluation of genetic diversity and relationships among crop wild relatives is an important task in crop improvement. The main objective of the current study was to estimate molecular variability within the set of 91 samples from Triticum aestivum, Aegilops cylindrica, and Aegilops crassa species using 30 CAAT box–derived polymorphism (CBDP) and start codon targeted (SCoT) markers. Results Fifteen SCoT and Fifteen CBDP primers produced 262 and 298 fragments which all of them were polymorphic, respectively. The number of polymorphic bands (NPB), polymorphic information content (PIC), resolving power (Rp), and marker index (MI) for SCoT primers ranged from 14 to 23, 0.31 to 0.39, 2.55 to 7.49, and 7.56 to 14.46 with an average of 17.47, 0.34, 10.44, and 5.69, respectively, whereas these values for CBDP primers were 15 to 26, 0.28 to 0.36, 3.82 to 6.94, and 4.74 to 7.96 with a mean of 19.87, 0.31, 5.35, and 6.24, respectively. Based on both marker systems, analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) indicated that the portion of genetic diversity within species was more than among them. In both analyses, the highest values of the number of observed (Na) and effective alleles (Ne), Nei’s gene diversity (He), and Shannon’s information index (I) were estimated for Ae. cylindrica species. Conclusion The results of cluster analysis and population structure showed that SCoT and CBDP markers grouped all samples based on their genomic constitutions. In conclusion, the used markers are very effective techniques for the evaluation of the genetic diversity in wild relatives of wheat.

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Conservation of crop germplasm: an overview of the FAO/IBPGR regional programme for South West Asia

Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh Section B Biological Sciences ◽

10.1017/s0269727000009088 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 89 ◽

pp. 265-271

Author(s):

W. G. Ayad

Keyword(s):

Plant Genetic Resources ◽

Full Range ◽

Genetic Erosion ◽

Seed Storage ◽

Wild Relatives ◽

Grain Legume ◽

Preliminary Evaluation ◽

Set Up ◽

Crop Germplasm ◽

Erosion Action

SynopsisThe International Board for Plant Genetic Resources (IBPGR) has paid particular emphasis to SW Asia in its endeavour to collect, conserve and promote utilisation of the world's plant germplasm. This is in view of the region's rich genetic diversity in many crop plants and their weedy/wild relatives, coupled with its alarming rate of genetic erosion. Action during the past decade has focused on collecting mainly cereal and grain legume crops and their closest wild relatives within the framework of a regional programme encompassing six countries. Gene banks were also set up in these member countries to handle a full range of operations including seed storage, characterisation/preliminary evaluation and documentation. In future, emphasis will be placed on ecogeographical surveys prior to mounting collecting missions and on more characterisation/preliminary evaluation work.

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PROFESSOR ZDZISŁAW ŻYGULSKI JR.: AN OUTSTANDING PERSON, A GREAT PERSONALITY, A MUSEUM PROFESSIONAL, A RESEARCHER ON ANTIQUE WEAPONS, ORIENTAL ART AND EUROPEAN PAINTING (1921–2015)

Muzealnictwo ◽

10.5604/01.3001.0009.5602 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 58 (1) ◽

pp. 2-13

Author(s):

Teresa Grzybkowska

Keyword(s):

Museum Studies ◽

The United States ◽

Leonardo Da Vinci ◽

Large Set ◽

New York University ◽

History Of Art ◽

The World ◽

History Of ◽

Polish Art ◽

Set Up

Professor Zdzisław Żygulski Jr. (1921–2015) was one of the most prominent Polish art historians of the second half of the 20th century. He treated the history of art as a broadly understood science of mankind and his artistic achievements. His name was recognised in global research on antique weapons, and among experts on Rembrandt and Leonardo da Vinci. He studied museums and Oriental art. He wrote 35 books, about 200 articles, and numerous essays on art; he wrote for the daily press about his artistic journeys through Europe, Japan and the United States. He illustrated his publications with his own photographs, and had a large set of slides. Żygulski created many exhibitions both at home and abroad presenting Polish art in which armour and oriental elements played an important role. He spent his youth in Lvov, and was expatriated to Cracow in 1945 together with his wife, the pottery artist and painter Eva Voelpel. He studied English philology and history of art at the Jagiellonian University (UJ), and was a student under Adam Bochnak and Vojeslav Molè. He was linked to the Czartoryski Museum in Cracow for his whole life; he worked there from 1949 until 2010, for the great majority of time as curator of the Arms and Armour Section. He devoted his whole life to the world of this museum, and wrote about its history and collections. Together with Prof. Zbigniew Bocheński, he set up the Association of Lovers of Old Armour and Flags, over which he presided from 1972 to 1998. He set up the Polish school of the study of militaria. He was a renowned and charismatic member of the circle of international researchers and lovers of militaria. He wrote the key texts in this field: Broń w dawnej Polsce na tle uzbrojenia Europy i Bliskiego Wschodu [Weapons in old Poland compared to armaments in Europe and the Near East], Stara broń w polskich zbiorach [Old weapons in Polish armouries], Polski mundur wojskowy [Polish military uniforms] (together with H. Wielecki). He was an outstanding researcher on Oriental art to which he dedicated several books: Sztuka turecka [Turkish art], Sztuka perska [Persian art], Sztuka mauretańska i jej echa w Polsce [Moorish art and its echoes in Poland]. Prof. Zdzisław Żygulski Jr. was a prominent educator who enjoyed great respect. He taught costume design and the history of art and interiors at the Academy of Fine Arts in Cracow, as well as Mediterranean culture at the Mediterranean Studies Department and at the Postgraduate Museum Studies at the UJ. His lectures attracted crowds of students, for whose needs he wrote a book Muzea na świecie. Wstęp do muzealnictwa [Museums in the world. Introduction to museum studies]. He also lectured at the Florence Academy of Art and at the New York University. He was active in numerous Polish scientific organisations such as PAU, PAN and SHS, and in international associations such as ICOMAM and ICOM. He represented Polish art history at general ICOM congresses many times. He was also active on diverse museum councils all over Poland.

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Genetic variation in cultivated rhubarb (Rheum tanguticum Maxim. ex Balf.) and the relationship with their wild relatives in China revealed by ISSR markers

Plant Systematics and Evolution ◽

10.1007/s00606-014-1039-3 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 300 (10) ◽

pp. 2217-2227 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Yanping Hu ◽

Li Wang ◽

Xiaolong Xie ◽

Huaigang Zhang ◽

Jian Yang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Variation ◽

Issr Markers ◽

Wild Relatives ◽

The Relationship ◽

Rheum Tanguticum

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GENETIC VARIATION IN DIURETIC RESPONSES TO WATER LOADS: DEFINITION OF SOME PARAMETERS OF DIURETIC RESPONSE AND INITIAL RESULTS OF SELECTION FOR THESE PARAMETERS

Journal of Endocrinology ◽

10.1677/joe.0.0330417 ◽

1965 ◽

Vol 33 (3) ◽

pp. 417-428 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

J. STEWART ◽

S. G. SPICKETT

Keyword(s):

Genetic Variation ◽

Disruptive Selection ◽

Total Output ◽

Water Load ◽

Diuretic Response ◽

Set Up ◽

Definition Of ◽

Response To Water ◽

The Relationship ◽

Initial Results

SUMMARY Three parameters of the diuretic response to a water load are defined these are: diuretic lag, rate of diuresis and total output/input. A heterogeneous stock of mice was set up using the strains A/Cam, CBA/FaCam, SF/Cam and Peru. Directional selection was made from this stock for rate of diuresis, and total output/input. The initial generations of selection showed positive and significant parent-offspring regressions and hence demonstrated genetic variation in these parameters. Two positive disruptive selection experiments were set up to explore the relationship between diuretic lag at 4 and 8 weeks of age. These experiments show also that there is genetic variation in diuretic lag and that gene manifestation at 4 weeks and at 8 weeks is different. The genetic variation affecting diuretic response to water load is discussed with respect to concepts of 'normal' physiology.

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