Allozymes and genetic variability in Medicago turbinata, M. truncatula, and their hybrids

1983 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 286-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos F. Quiros ◽  
Lisa Ostafichuk
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Interspecific Hybrid ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Leucine Aminopeptidase ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
The Other ◽  
Starch Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Annual Species ◽  
Starch Gel

The genetic variability in the diploid annual species (2n = 2x = 16) Medicago turbinata L. and M. truncatula Gaernt. was studied at three loci for the enzymes peroxidase, Prx1-1, and leucine-aminopeptidase, Lap1-1 and Lap1-2. Eight accessions of each species, including all the taxonomic forms were surveyed by starch gel electrophoresis. No variation was observed among plants within each accession. Among the M. turbinata forms, four alleles were observed at locus Lap1-2. No variation was detected for the other two loci studied. For the M. truncatula forms, four alleles were found for Prx1-1 and three alleles for Lap1-2. No variation was observed for locus Lap1-1. Form uncinata of M. truncatula, of uncertain taxonomic status, has at least one M. turbinata allele. Both species can be differentiated by their specific allozymes. In general, the alleles of the isozymic loci segregated in a Mendelian fashion in the expected ratios for monomeric enzymes. The presence of chlorophyll-deficient plants on some of the progenies involving different taxonomic forms of the species M. turbinata indicates the presence of isolation barriers between these forms. The lack of segregation at locus Lap1-1 in the tetraploidized interspecific hybrid proves its alloploid nature.

scholarly journals Genetic polymorphism and evolution in parthenogenetic animals: V. Triploid Adoxus obscurus (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)

1976 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juhani Lokki ◽  
Anssi Saura ◽  
Pekka Lankinen ◽  
Esko Suomalainen
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Polymorphism ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Starch Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Enzyme Loci ◽  
Bisexual Population ◽  
Starch Gel

SUMMARYThe genetic variability at 16 enzyme loci in 52 Scandinavian triploid parthenogenetic populations of the beetle Adoxus obscurus has been studied by starch-gel electrophoresis. The overall genotypes of different beetles have been compared with each other and with a sample from a diploid bisexual population from Canada. Eighty per cent of the parthenogenetic beetles have the same overall genotype. The remainder belong to six genotypes, three of which are found in only one population. The variability within and between parthenogenetic populations of A. obscurus is much lower than in other comparable parthenogenetic insects studied by us. This is interpreted to be a consequence of the efficient migration of the genotypes with the highest fitness, leading to a replacement of less-adapted genotypes. A. obscurus is a flying insect, whereas the other parthenogenetic insects studied by us are sluggish flightless forms.

Intraspecific genetic variability of isozymes in the ectomycorrhizal fungus Suillus tomentosus

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 588-594 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Zhu ◽  
Kenneth O. Higginbotham ◽  
Bruce P. Dancik ◽  
Stan Navratil
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Host Selection ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Genetic Similarity ◽  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Habitat Isolation ◽  
Starch Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Enzyme Systems ◽  
Forest Regions ◽  
Starch Gel

Mycelial extracts of 43 isolates of Suillus tomentosus (Kauffm.) Singer, Snell & Dick collected from four boreal forest regions in Alberta were subjected to starch gel electrophoresis. A total of 21 bands was resolved from eight different enzyme systems presumably representing 13 loci. Six loci were polymorphic among these isolates. Cluster and principal components analyses demonstrated that intraspecific genetic variability of this fungus existed among and within forest regions. Polymorphic loci of acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase exhibited the greatest genetic similarity among the isolates within forest regions. Habitat isolation and host selection could be the major sources of genetic variation among forest regions.

Identification of Australian barley cultivars by laboratory methods: gel electrophoresis and gel isoelectric focusing of the endosperm proteins

1977 ◽  
Vol 17 (89) ◽  
pp. 1020 ◽  
Author(s):  
J McCausland ◽  
CW Wrigley
Keyword(s):  
Isoelectric Focusing ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
The Other ◽  
Starch Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Laboratory Methods ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Starch Gel ◽  
Electrophoretic Techniques ◽  
Gel Isoelectric Focusing

A range of laboratory methods was examined for their ability to distinguish between 19 barley cultivars currently grown in Australia. Aleurone colour, revealed after mechanical or chemical dehulling, differentiated Abyssinian, Atlas, Cape and Corvette from the other cultivars. Peroxidase and phenol testing were not useful. Seven different patterns were obtained for the hordeins of lowest mobility by starch gel electrophoresis. Further distinction was provided by flat gel isoelectric focusing of the water-soluble and hordein proteins for which 13 different pattern-groupings were obtained. The two electrophoretic techniques complemented one another, so that the use of both methods left only a few cultivars that could not be distinguished.

Isozyme Variation in Broom Snakeweed (Gutierrezia sarothrae)

Weed Science ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 156-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanglin Hou ◽  
Tracy M. Sterling
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
New Mexico ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Isozyme Analysis ◽  
Starch Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Enzyme Systems ◽  
Starch Gel ◽  
Morphological Differences ◽  
Gutierrezia Sarothrae

Broom snakeweed, a perennial rangeland shrub, is highly variable morphologically and can grow under a broad range of environmental conditions. In this study, isozyme analysis using starch gel electrophoresis was used to quantify genetic variability within and among New Mexico populations of broom snakeweed. Eight separate populations of broom snakeweed and one population of threadleaf snakeweed as a comparison were investigated. of the 10 enzyme systems examined, 16 loci were identified in eight populations and two species. Eleven loci were monomorphic in eight populations and two species and five loci were polymorphic in at least one population or species. Genetic variability was large in broom and threadleaf snakeweed populations as determined by isozyme analysis. Genetic variability among broom snakeweed populations was greater than that within populations for the five polymorphic loci. Cluster analysis of genetic distance and identity for the eight populations and two species characterized two major groups. Within broom snakeweed, cluster analysis characterized five groups. The two species shared most common alleles. The genetic variation identified in this research may account for the morphological differences and broad geographical distribution of broom snakeweed.

scholarly journals The distribution of some hydrolases in glomeruli and tubular fragments prepared from rat kidney by zonal centrifugation

1971 ◽  
Vol 122 (5) ◽  
pp. 641-645 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. G. Taylor ◽  
R. G. Price ◽  
D. Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Leucine Aminopeptidase ◽  
Rat Kidney ◽  
Kidney Cortex ◽  
Starch Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Multiple Forms ◽  
Rat Kidney Cortex ◽  
Starch Gel

1. A collagenase digest of rat kidney cortex was separated into four bands by zonal centrifugation. 2. Two of these bands were shown by light-microscopy to contain glomeruli and tubular fragments, which were free from each other and well separated from other renal material. 3. Protein, N-acetyl-β-glucosaminidase, 5′-nucleotidase, l-leucine β-naphthylamidase, leucine aminopeptidase, acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase were assayed across the gradient. 4. The greater proportion of these enzyme activities was recovered in the tubular fragments and acid phosphatase was the only enzyme detected in significant amounts in the glomeruli. 5. Tubular fragments and glomeruli were sedimented and multiple forms of β-naphthylamidase, N-acetyl-β-glucosaminidase, acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase were investigated by starch-gel electrophoresis.

STUDIES ON THE LIVETINS OF EGG YOLK: III. HETEROGENEITY AND IMMUNOELECTROPHORETIC BEHAVIOR OF BETA-LIVETIN

1966 ◽  
Vol 44 (10) ◽  
pp. 1357-1364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shun-Fong Hui ◽  
R. H. Common
Keyword(s):  
Serum Albumin ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Egg Yolk ◽  
The Other ◽  
Positive Staining ◽  
Staining Reaction ◽  
Starch Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Hen’S Egg ◽  
Starch Gel ◽  
The One

Starch-gel electrophoresis of the total livetins of hen's egg yolk resolved 16 zones: seven major zones, six minor zones, and three faint, diffuse zones. One zone was identified with the major component of paper electrophoretic alpha-livetin and hence with serum albumin. Four of the major zones were identified with the major components of paper electrophoretic beta-livetin on the one hand, and with an electrophoretically heterogeneous livetin antigen (livetin antigen 3) on the other hand, thus establishing the electrophoretic heterogeneity and relative immunological homogeneity of the paper electrophoretic beta-livetin fraction. The other two major starch-gel electrophoretic zones were identified as transferrins by their positive staining reaction for iron and comparison of their mobilities with two corresponding serum starch-gel fractions.

scholarly journals Identifying Olive Cultivars by Isozyme Analysis

1995 ◽  
Vol 120 (2) ◽  
pp. 318-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabel Trujillo ◽  
Luis Rallo ◽  
Pere Arús
Keyword(s):  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Malic Enzyme ◽  
Leucine Aminopeptidase ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Starch Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Banding Patterns ◽  
Glucose Phosphate ◽  
Olive Cultivars ◽  
Starch Gel ◽  
Different Origins

Pollen samples of 155 olive (Olea europaea L.) cultivars from different origins were analyzed to study isoenzymatic variability in five enzyme systems: alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), esterase (EST), glucose phosphate isomerase (GPI), leucine aminopeptidase (LAP), and malic enzyme (ME) using starch gel electrophoresis. Polymorphism was observed in all of the isozyme systems. ME, GPI, EST, and LAP were the most useful systems for identification of cultivars. Different combinations of banding patterns of these systems allowed us to identify 85% of the cultivars. The remainder were separated into groups of two or three cultivars that could be identified using morphological characteristics. No intracultivar polymorphisms were observed.

A Genetic Comparison of Sympatric Populations of Sand Lance (Genus Ammodytes) from the Region East of Cape Soya, Japan

1989 ◽  
Vol 46 (11) ◽  
pp. 1945-1951 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroaki Okamoto
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
The Other ◽  
Starch Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Sympatric Populations ◽  
Sand Lance ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
Starch Gel ◽  
Genetic Comparison

Sand fance (Genus Ammodytes) collected from four stations off Japan and one station at Kodiak, Alaska were genetically characterized at 17 protein coding loci using starch-gel electrophoresis. Sand lance in Wakkanai (Cape Soya, Japan) consist of two genetically distinct groups. They are fixed for different alleles at four loci (Ldh-2, -3, G3pdh-2, and Mdhp-2). The genetic structure of one of the groups (Wakkanai-a group, W-a) is similar to that of A. personatus around Japan. The other group (Wakkanai-b group, W-b) has different genetic structure from either A. personatus or the Alaskan collection, which is presumed to belong to A. hexapterus. It is not presently possible to identify the affiliation of the W-b group; however, despite its sympatry with the W-a group, it is reproductively isolated and therefore is probably a distinct species occurring northeast of Hokkaido.

Patterns of evolution and migration in the arctic ground squirrel, Spermophilus parryii (Richardson)

1977 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 748-758 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles F. Nadler ◽  
Robert S. Hoffmann
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Ground Squirrel ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Starch Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Siberian Population ◽  
Spermophilus Parryii ◽  
Starch Gel ◽  
And Migration

Serum transferrins and 11 other genetically controlled proteins representing 17 loci were examined by starch-gel electrophoresis from Siberian, Alaskan, and Canadian populations of Spermophilus parryii. Six transferrin alleles were identified. Arctic populations (S. p. parryii, S. p. osgoodi) were characterized by Tf 6 occurring alone or together with Tf 7 whereas middle and subarctic populations exhibited Tf 7 occurring either alone (S. p. ablusus, S. p. lyratus, S. p. plesius) or together with Tf 5 (S. p. plesius). Tf 8, Tf 9, and Tf 19 constituted local variants. Tf 6 displayed a clinal distribution, increasing in frequency eastward and paralleling a clinal increase in body size. Three PGM2 alleles were observed, the frequencies of which tend to differentiate arctic S. p. parryii from subarctic S. p. ablusus. G6PD-b occurred uniformly in North America and in one Siberian population; a second population (two specimens) exhibited G6PD-a, thereby suggesting that G6PD polymorphism may be present in Siberian S. parryii. The other nine proteins were monomorphic in all Holarctic populations.

Genetic variability in natural populations of the gray wolf, Canis lupus

1991 ◽  
Vol 69 (5) ◽  
pp. 1183-1188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phyllis K. Kennedy ◽  
Michael L. Kennedy ◽  
Peter L. Clarkson ◽  
Ilme S. Liepins
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Spatial Heterogeneity ◽  
Canis Lupus ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Human Impacts ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Gray Wolf ◽  
Starch Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Gray Wolves ◽  
Starch Gel

The genetic variability of gray wolves (Canis lupus) from northwestern Canada was assessed through starch-gel electrophoresis. Of 27 protein systems examined, 25, representing 37 presumptive loci, were consistently scorable; 7 proteins (5 were consistently scorable) exhibited polymorphism. The level of heterozygosity (3.0%) was medial relative to values reported for natural populations of Carnivora and high relative to values reported for natural populations of canids. An overall pattern of few deviations from Hardy–Weinberg expectations and some spatial heterogeneity was observed. Wolves associated with different caribou herds exhibited a low level of differentiation (FST = 0.029). The pattern of variability supports the view of a large panmictic population resulting from extensive movements of individuals and packs and from natural and human impacts on pack structure and formation.

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