Genetic relationships between sympatric and allopatric Coregonus ciscoes in North and Central Europe

Background Sympatric speciation along ecological gradients has been studied repeatedly, in particular in freshwater fishes. Rapid post-glacial ecological divergence has resulted in numerous endemic species or ecologically distinct populations in lakes of the temperate zones. Here, we focus on the Baltic cisco (Coregonus albula) complex, to study the genetic similarity among two pairs of sympatric autumn- and spring-spawning populations from post-glacial German Lakes Stechlin and Breiter Luzin. For comparison, we included a similar pair of sympatric populations from the Swedish Lake Fegen. We wanted to explore potential genetic similarities between the three sympatric cisco population pairs in the three lakes, to evaluate whether the pairs may have emerged independently in the three lakes, or whether two different species may have colonized all three lakes independently. Furthermore, we considered allopatric C. albula populations from three Polish, three Finnish, and four Swedish locations, added one Siberian population of the sister species C. sardinella and a Swedish C. maraena (whitefish) population. By genotyping nine microsatellite markers in 655 individuals from these 18 populations, we wanted to elucidate how strongly the cisco populations differ across a larger geographical area within Europe. Finally, we compared the genetic differences between the spring- and autumn-spawning populations of ciscoes in the two German lakes to infer the potentially deteriorating effect of strong anthropogenic pressure on the lakes. Results Dendrogram, Principal Coordinate Analysis and admixture analysis all indicated strong correspondence between population differentiation and geographical location for most cisco populations in Europe, including the Siberian population of C. sardinella. However, populations from some Swedish lakes deviated from this general pattern, by showing a distinct genetic structure. We found evidence for independent evolution of the three sympatric population pairs, because the populations co-occurring in the same lake were always most closely related. However, genetic differentiation was weak in the two German population pairs, but strong in the Swedish Lake Fegen, indicating that the weak differentiation in the German pairs reported earlier has eroded further. Conclusions Our results suggest that the genetic differentiation at neutral genetic markers among populations of the Baltic cisco complex has evolved (and is maintained) by random genetic drift in isolated populations. However, earlier studies on the Swedish populations combining mitochondrial DNA and microsatellite data indicate that also post-glacial immigration from separate glacial refugia has shaped the present genetic population structure. The low neutral differentiation of the German sympatric pairs in contrast to the Swedish pair suggests that recent anthropogenic effects on the lakes in Germany may put the endemic spring-spawners at risk to extinction.

Association of rs3025058 polymorphism with the development of acute cerebrovascular event

Purpose To study SNP rs3025058 association (5a/6a) with development of Acute Cerebrovascular Event in the patients with cardiovascular pathology and risk factors of its development who are representatives of the east Siberian population. Material and methods 260 patients with Acute Cerebrovascular Event participated in a research (age [57.0; 51.0–62.0]) and 272 patients of control group (age [55.0; 51.0–62.0].). Among the patients who transferred Acute Cerebrovascular Event, 157 men and 103 women. The control group included 170 men and 102 women. Inspection of the main group included: collecting complaints, anamnesis, clinical examination, computer tomography of a brain, electrocardiography, echo, ultrasonic of arteries, daily monitoring of arterial blood pressure and cardiac rhythm, analysis of a coagulant system of blood. Patients of the main group had the following cardiovascular pathology and risk factors: arterial hypertension, supraventricular tachycardia, dislipidemiya, atherosclerosis brachiocephalic of arteries, disturbances of a system of a hemostasis. The control group is examined within the international HAPIEE project. The molecular and genetic research was conducted by PCR method in real time. Statistical processing of material was carried out with use of set of the Statistica for Windows 7.0, Excel and SPSS 22 application programs. Results In all analyzed groups and subgroups of patients statistically significant connection between a genotype of 5a/5a and an allele of 5a and in subgroup of women with Acute Cerebrovascular Event, subgroups of patients with AG and hypercoagulation of significant associations of polymorphism rs3025058 (5a/6a) with Acute Cerebrovascular Eventis not revealed. Conclusion A genotype 5a/5a and an allele 5a SNP rs3025058 (5a/6a) increase risk of development of an Acute Cerebrovascular Event in persons of the east Siberian population, including with such risk factors as atherosclerosis the brachiocephalic of arteries and a dislipidemiya. FUNDunding Acknowledgement Type of funding sources: None.

Association of rs11196288 polymorphism with the development of acute cerebrovascular event

Purpose To study SNP rs11196288 (A> G) with development of Acute Cerebrovascular Event in the patients with cardiovascular pathology and risk factors of its development who are representatives of the east Siberian population. Material and methods 260 patients with Acute Cerebrovascular Event participated in a research (age [57.0; 51.0–62.0]) and 272 patients of control group (age [55.0; 51.0–62.0].). Among the patients who transferred Acute Cerebrovascular Event, 157 men and 103 women. The control group included 170 men and 102 women. Inspection of the main group included: collecting complaints, anamnesis, clinical examination, computer tomography of a brain, electrocardiography, echo, ultrasonic of arteries, daily monitoring of arterial blood pressure and cardiac rhythm, analysis of a coagulant system of blood. Patients of the main group had the following cardiovascular pathology and risk factors: arterial hypertension, supraventricular tachycardia, dislipidemiya, atherosclerosis brachiocephalic of arteries, disturbances of a system of a hemostasis. The control group is examined within the international HAPIEE project. The molecular and genetic research was conducted by PCR method in real time. Statistical processing of material was carried out with use of set of the Statistica for Windows 7.0, Excel and SPSS 22 application programs. Results As a result of the conducted research in one of the analyzed groups and subgroups statistically significant associations of genotypes and alleles of polymorphism of rs11196288 were not revealed (A> G) with Acute Cerebrovascular Event. Conclusion SNP rs11196288 (A> G) has no significant effect on development of Acute Cerebrovascular Event in persons of the east Siberian population regardless of the previous cardiovascular pathology and risk factors. FUNDunding Acknowledgement Type of funding sources: None.

Association of rs3025058 polymorphism with the development of stroke in patients with cardiovascular pathology

Aim.To study the association of single-nucleotide polymorphismrs3025058(5а/6а) with the development of stroke in patients of the East Siberian population with cardiovascular pathology and risk factors for its development. Materials and methods.The study involved 260 patients with stroke (age [57.0; 51.062.0]) and 272 patients of the control group (age [55.0; 51.062.0]). Among the patients who underwent stroke, 157 men and 103 women. The control group included 170 men and 102 women. The examination of the main group included: collection of complaints, anamnesis, clinical examination, computed tomography of the brain, electrocardiography, echocardioscopy, ultrasound duplex scanning of the extracranial brachiocephalic arteries, 24-hour monitoring of blood pressure and heart rate, analysis of the blood coagulation system. The patients of the main group had the following cardiovascular pathology and risk factors: arterial hypertension, paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardias, dyslipidemia, atherosclerosis of extracranial brachiocephalic arteries, disorders of the hemostasis system. The control group was examined within the framework of the international project HAPIEE. Molecular genetic research was carried out by real-time PCR. Statistical processing of the material was carried out using the Statistica for Windows 7.0, Excel and SPSS 22 application software. Results.The study established statistically significant associations between the 5a/5a genotype and the 5a allele and stroke in the general group of patients, as well as in the subgroup of men, subgroups of patients with extracranial brachiocephalic arteries atherosclerosis and dyslipidemia. In the subgroup of patients with cardiac arrhythmias, statistically significant results were obtained only for allele 5a, and in the subgroup of women with stroke, subgroups of patients with arterial hypertension and hypercoagulation, no significant associations ofrs3025058(5a/6a) polymorphism with stroke were found. Conclusion.Genotype 5a/5a and allele 5a of the single-nucleotide polymorphismrs3025058(5а/6а) increase the risk of stroke in individuals from the East Siberian population, including those in the presence of such risk factors as extracranial brachiocephalic arteries atherosclerosis and dyslipidemia.

Genetic polymorphisms of PIP5K2A and course of schizophrenia

Background Schizophrenia is a severe highly heritable mental disorder. The clinical heterogeneity of schizophrenia is expressed in the difference in the leading symptoms and course of the disease. Identifying the genetic variants that affect clinical heterogeneity may ultimately reveal the genetic basis of the features of schizophrenia and suggest novel treatment targets. PIP5K2A (Phosphatidylinositol-4-Phosphate 5-Kinase Type II Alpha) has been investigated as a potential susceptibility gene for schizophrenia. Methods In this work, we studied the possible association between eleven polymorphic variants of PIP5K2A and the clinical features of schizophrenia in a population of 384 white Siberian patients with schizophrenia. Genotyping was carried out on QuantStudio 5 Real-Time PCR System with a TaqMan Validate SNP Genotyping Assay (Applied Biosystems, USA). Results PIP5K2A rs8341 (χ2 = 6.559, p = 0.038) and rs946961 (χ2 = 5.976, p = 0.049) showed significant association with course of schizophrenia (continuous or episodic). The rs8341*CT (OR = 1.63, 95% CI: 1.04–2.54) and rs946961*CC (OR = 5.17, 95% CI: 1.20–22.21) genotypes were associated with a continuous type of course, while the rs8341*TT genotype (OR = 0.53, 95% CI: 0.29–0.97) was associated with an episodic type of course of schizophrenia. Therefore rs8341*TT genotype presumably has protective effect against the more severe continuous course of schizophrenia compared to the episodic one. Conclusions Our experimental data confirm that PIP5K2A is a genetic factor influencing the type of course of schizophrenia in Siberian population. Disturbances in the phosphatidylinositol pathways may be a possible reason for the transition to a more severe continuous course of schizophrenia.

Dietary polyphenol intake, risk of hypertension and age status in adult Russian/Siberian population

Background Consumption of polyphenolic compounds from various food sources is associated with a reduction in cardiovascular risk factors. The region of residence, the food habits of the population, and age have a significant impact on consumption. Methods Participants: the Siberian urban population (Novosibirsk, HAPIEE study, 9324 (4,249 men and 5,075 women) aged 45-69. Dietary data collected using a 141-item food frequency questionnaire. Data on the polyphenols were taken from the Phenol-Explorer database (3.6). Total polyphenols (TPH) were considered as a sum of all individual classes: flavonoids, phenolic acids, stilbenes, lignans and other polyphenols and their food sources. The consumption of polyphenolic compounds in the age groups of 45-49, 50-54, 55-59, 60-64 and more than 65 years was analyzed. To assess the relationship between CVD risk factors and the consumption of TPH, the odds ratio was calculated in quartiles of TPH consumption (OR). Results The consumption of TPH in men was 1273 (647) and 1203 (626) mg/day in women (P < 0,05). The main class for both men and women were flavonoids, as well as phenolic acids. For men, respectively, 68 and 21% of the total consumption of TPH, for women 70 and 20%. Chances of developing hypertension in quartiles of high and low consumption of TPH showed a risk reduction in whole population by 58%, in quartiles of high and low consumption of total flavonoids - by 56% and phenolic acids - by 21%. The main sources of TPH were tea, coffee, fruits, vegetables and rye bread. With increasing age, both men and women experience a decrease in TPH consumption by 9.5 and 11%, respectively, of flavonoids - by 10.6 and 15%. This is due to a decrease in fruit consumption with increasing age. Conclusions The consumption of polyphenol compounds in the Siberian urban population associated with reduction of hypertension and determined by age. The study was carried out in the framework of budget theme No. AAAA-A17-117112850280-2. Key messages Consumption of polyphenolic compounds in the Siberian population is associated with a reduced risk of hypertension. In recommendations for the prevention of hypertension in the older age group, it is necessary to consider the increase in the consumption of fruits and berries from local sources.

SIBERIA DURING HEARING OF A CASE OVER THE CC OF SOCIALIST-REVOLUTIONER’S PARTY (JUNE - AUGUST 1922)

The article examines socio-economic processes that took place in Siberian Region during the preparation and conduct of the trial over the Central Committee of the Party of Socialist-Tevolutionaries and a number of active members accused of anti-Soviet activity. During the trial, as well as throughout the country, numerous meetings and rallies were held at which the line of the Bolshevik Party was supported. The article shows that not all segments of the Siberian population supported the line of the ruling party. The negative attitude to the trial was clearly expressed by intelligentsia and peasantry. This was due to the difficult socio-economic situation in which these people were after the Civil War, as well as the beginning of a new economic policy. NEP led to the revival of the elements of market relations, the growth of social inequality and tension in society. NEP contributed to the revitalization of opposition parties, hoping for the degeneration and death of Bolshevism.