Cytogenetics of two interspecific synthetic hybrids of the grasshopper genus Euchorthippus

Genome ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 909-912 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Santos ◽  
P. Arana ◽  
N. Henriques-Gil
Keyword(s):  
Parental Species ◽  
The Other ◽  
Meiotic Pairing ◽  
Banding Patterns ◽  
Hybrid Individual ◽  
C Banding ◽  
Isolating Mechanisms ◽  
Synthetic Hybrids ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Homoeologous Chromosomes

The spermatogenesis of two synthetic hybrid individuals of the grasshopper genus Euchorthippus was studied by C-banding methods. One resulted from the cross Euchorthippus pulvinatus ♂ × Euchorthippus chopardi ♀ (p/c), whereas the other one was produced in the cross E. chopardi ♂ × E. pulvinatus ♀ (c/p). The two parental sets of chromosomes were always recognized according to their different C-banding patterns. Chiasma frequency was decreased in both hybrids when compared with the parental species, this decrease being more accentuated in the hybrid individual c/p, where univalents at metaphase I were frequent. Chiasmata were formed between homoeologous chromosomes, and only two multivalent associations were observed. Polyploid spermatids and some micronuclei were a common feature in both hybrids. It is suggested that C-heterochromatin differences do not play any important role in the speciation process: genie differences between parental genomes are probably more important.Key words: synthetic hybrid, Euchorthippus, C-heterochromatin, meiotic pairing, reproductive isolating mechanisms.

scholarly journals GENOME SIZE IN THREE SPECIES OF Glandularia AND THEIR HYBRIDS

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-54
Author(s):  
M.R. Ferrari ◽  
E.J. Greizerstein ◽  
L. Poggio
Keyword(s):  
Genome Size ◽  
Dna Content ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Parental Species ◽  
The Other ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Homoeologous Pairing ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Species Being ◽  
Homoeologous Chromosomes

In this work the relationship between genome size of Glandularia species and the meiotic configurations found in their hybrids are discussed. Glandularia incisa (Hook.) Tronc., growing in two localities of Corrientes and Córdoba provinces, Argentina, with different ecological conditions, showed inter-population variability of the 2C-value. The DNA content found in the Corrientes locality (2.41 pg) was higher than that obtained in the Córdoba locality (2.09 pg) which has more stressful environmental conditions than the former. These values are statistically different from those that were found in Glandularia pulchella (Sweet) Tronc. from Corrientes (1.43 pg) and in Glandularia perakii Cov. et Schn from Córdoba (1.47 pg). The DNA content of the diploid F1 hybrids, G. pulchella × G. incisa and G. perakii × G. incisa, differed statistically from the DNA content of the parental species, being intermediate between them. Differences in the frequency of pairing of homoeologous chromosomes were observed in the hybrids; these differences cannot be explained by differences in genome size since hybrids with similar DNA content differ significantly in their meiotic behavior. On the other hand, the differences in the DNA content between the parental species justify the presence of a high frequency of heteromorphic open and closed bivalents and univalents with different size in the hybrids. Key words: Intra-specific DNA content variability, homoeologous pairing, heteromorphic bivalents

The pattern of homoeologous recombination in triploid hybrids of Lolium multiflorum with Festuca pratensis

Genome ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 720-726 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z Zwierzykowski ◽  
A J Lukaszewski ◽  
B Naganowska ◽  
A Lesniewska
Keyword(s):  
Parental Species ◽  
Lolium Multiflorum ◽  
Festuca Pratensis ◽  
Meiotic Pairing ◽  
Homoeologous Recombination ◽  
Translocation Breakpoints ◽  
Zygotic Selection ◽  
Homoeologous Chromosomes ◽  
Pairing Initiation

Homoeologous chromosomes of Lolium-Festuca hybrids are capable of frequent meiotic pairing and recombination. The frequency and distribution of recombination was studied by genomic in situ hybridization in backcross progenies of reciprocal triploid hybrids of Lolium multiflorum with Festuca pratensis. Significant differences in the male transmission of the parental and translocated chromosomes were observed depending on the cytoplasm of the F1 hybrids and the ploidy level of the female test cross partner. The frequency of intergeneric translocations in the progeny indicated that, on average, there must have been at least 4.5 homoeologous arms paired in the F1 hybrids; the actual frequency might have been higher because of pre- or post-zygotic selection against the F. pratensis chromatin, which probably eliminated certain gametes with Festuca-Lolium translocations. Both parental species are known for localized distal chiasmata, but the intergeneric translocation breakpoints were distributed along the entire lengths of the chromosome arms. The change in the distribution of homoeologous recombination might have been related to different pairing initiation of homologues and homoeologues. It probably resulted from allocation of additional chiasmata to chromosome arms and produced a net increase in recombination.Key words: homoeologous exchanges, Lolium-Festuca, translocations, recombination.

Bromus pictus of the B. setifolius complex (section Pnigma): numerical taxonomy and chromosome evidence for species rank

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (11) ◽  
pp. 2493-2500 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Naranjo ◽  
F. H. Arias ◽  
F. E. Gil ◽  
A. Soriano
Keyword(s):  
Breeding System ◽  
Numerical Taxonomy ◽  
Meiotic Chromosome ◽  
The Other ◽  
Genome Length ◽  
Chromosome Behavior ◽  
Banding Patterns ◽  
C Banding ◽  
Basic Genome ◽  
Components Analysis

Two biotic sympatric taxa of the Bromus setifolius complex, which are presently considered as varieties, were studied using cytological and numerical taxonomy methods. The numerical taxonomy analysis (cluster and principal components analysis) based on 35 characters showed the existence of two phenetically significant groups. One is formed by individuals that correspond to B. setifolius Presl. and the other by individuals with the characters of Bromus pictus Hook. All plants of B. setifolius had 2n = 4x = 28, and all the B. pictus individuals had 2n = 10x = 70. Other cytological differences between the two taxa were found, e.g., karyotype formulae, type of satellites, basic genome length, asymmetry, C-banding patterns, and meiotic chromosome behavior. Cytological differences, which parallel the constant morphological features exhibited by each taxa, justify specific status. Taking into acount other characters, such as perenniality, breeding system, and reproductive isolation barrier, the relationships and evolution of these taxa are discussed. Key words: Bromus setifolius, Bromus pictus, numerical taxonomy, karyotype, C-banding.

scholarly journals Cytogenetic Analysis of Lilium rosthornii

2016 ◽  
Vol 141 (5) ◽  
pp. 444-448
Author(s):  
Guangxin Liu ◽  
Yue Lan ◽  
Haoyang Xin ◽  
Fengrong Hu ◽  
Zhuhua Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reference Data ◽  
The Other ◽  
Chromosome 1 ◽  
Chromosome 6 ◽  
45S Rdna ◽  
Cut Flowers ◽  
Chromosome 11 ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Banding Patterns ◽  
C Banding

Lily (Lilium L.) species produce among the most important cut flowers worldwide. China has ≈55 species of Lilium. Although many plants from this genus have been used in hybridization efforts, their cytology has remained unclear. The goal of the current study was to characterize the chromosomes of Lilium rosthornii Diels. Root tips were used to characterize Giemsa C-banding, propidium iodide (PI) banding, and 45S rDNA locations. The karyotype of L. rosthornii belongs to type 3B. C-banding revealed polymorphic banding patterns with the following formula: 2n = 24 = CI = 4C + 14CI+ + 2I+ +2I+ 2. Two of the four 45S rDNA hybridization sites were located at pericentromeric positions on the two short arms of the homologues of chromosome 1, and the other two were located on the long arms of one chromosome 6 homolog and one chromosome 11 homolog. Six of the eight PI bands were detected in the centromeres of the homologues of chromosomes 1, 5, and 8, and the other two PI bands were detected on the long arms of one chromosome 6 and one chromosome 11. Lilium rosthornii showed enriched banding in both Giemsa C-banding and PI painting. Interestingly, not all 45S rDNA was located in homologous chromosomal locations. These results may provide reference data for L. rosthornii for use in further Lilium breeding.

The Cytology of Brachyscome Cass. (Asteraceae: Astereae). II. Hybridisation Between B. goniocarpa (N = 4) and B. dichromosomatica (N = 2)

1991 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 475 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Watanabe ◽  
PS Short ◽  
K Kosuge ◽  
S Smith-White
Keyword(s):  
Parental Species ◽  
The Other ◽  
Meiotic Pairing ◽  
Mitotic Metaphase ◽  
Metaphase Chromosomes ◽  
Total Length

Artificial hybrids between the inbreeding species B. goniocarpa Sond. & F. Muell.(n = 4) and outbreeding B. dichromosomatica C. R. Carter var. dichromosomatica (n = 2) have been produced. Morphologically, the hybrids were essentially intermediate between the parental species. Cytological investigations showed that the total length of mitotic metaphase chromosomes for the B. dichromosomatica haploid set was 1.33 times that of the B. goniocarpa set. Chromosomes derived from the parental species showed similar condensation behaviour. Meiotic pairing involved both the B. dichromosomatica chromosomes and two of the four B. goniocarpa chromosomes; the other two B. goniocarpa chromosomes formed univalents. The results suggest that the current placement of the two taxa in different superspecies is not warranted.

A New Approach to the Demonstration of Oxidase-Localization Using Tannic Acid Or Catechin

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 698-699
Author(s):  
V. Mizuhira ◽  
Y. Futaesaku
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Tannic Acid ◽  
Elastic Fiber ◽  
The Other ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Tissue Block ◽  
Active Reaction ◽  
The Cross

Previously we reported that tannic acid is a very effective fixative for proteins including polypeptides. Especially, in the cross section of microtubules, thirteen submits in A-tubule and eleven in B-tubule could be observed very clearly. An elastic fiber could be demonstrated very clearly, as an electron opaque, homogeneous fiber. However, tannic acid did not penetrate into the deep portion of the tissue-block. So we tried Catechin. This shows almost the same chemical natures as that of proteins, as tannic acid. Moreover, we thought that catechin should have two active-reaction sites, one is phenol,and the other is catechole. Catechole site should react with osmium, to make Os- black. Phenol-site should react with peroxidase existing perhydroxide.

Getting Jesus off the altar: Undoing atonement readings in Revelation

2021 ◽  
Vol 118 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-61
Author(s):  
Anna M. V. Bowden
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Cross

The interpretive history of Revelation is overrun with descriptions of Jesus as a sacrificial lamb. Yet, John never uses the popular phrase to describe him. By drawing attention to four significant omissions in the text, I argue against atonement readings of “the Lamb” in Revelation. Revelation is not a theological treatise on the meaning of the cross. It feeds questions about power and violence and admonishes the seven churches against participation in their imperial context. John’s slaughtered lamb, therefore, does not evoke a paschal sacrifice; it points to Rome’s penchant for violence. Joining the other bloodied bodies in Revelation, the lamb’s blood further incriminates Rome. Everywhere one looks in John’s depiction of empire, violence lurks. Finally, the only altar in Revelation is the heavenly altar, and this altar is not a place for sacrifice. The heavenly altar is a place where the laments of the suffering are heard, a place for worshipping God, and a place where Rome will meet its judgment. John’s Jesus is not a self-sacrificing spiritual savior; he bears witness to the bloodthirsty, massacre-loving beast-of-all-beasts. Churches must choose their allegiance.

Vocal Learning of Japanese and Rhesus Monkeys

Behaviour ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 109 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 191-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nobuo Masataka ◽  
Kazuo Fujita
Keyword(s):  
Rhesus Monkeys ◽  
Japanese Monkey ◽  
Species Difference ◽  
Vocal Learning ◽  
The Other ◽  
Playback Experiments ◽  
Biological Mothers ◽  
Japanese Monkeys ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Species Specific

AbstractForaging vocalizations given by Japanese and rhesus momkeys reared by their biological mothers differed from each other in a single parameter. Calls made by a Japanese monkey fostered by a rhesus female were dissimilar to those of conspecifics reared by their biological mothers, but similar to those of rhesus monkeys reared by their biological mothers, and the vocalizations given by rhesus monkeys fostered by Japanese monkey mothers were dissimilar to those of conspecifics reared by their biological mothers, but similar to those of Japanese monkeys reared by their biological mothers. Playback experiments revealed that both Japanese and rhesus monkeys distinguished between the calls of Japanese monkeys reared by their biological mothers and of the cross-fostered rhesus monkeys on one hand, and the vocalizations of rhesus monkeys reared by their biological mothers and of the cross-fostered Japanese monkey on the other hand. Thus, production of species-specific vocalizations was learned by each species, and it was the learned species-difference which the monkeys themselves discriminated.

Intergeneric hybrids between Thinopyrum and Psathyrostachys (Triticeae)

Genome ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 845-849 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard R.-C. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Genome Analysis ◽  
Parental Species ◽  
Intergeneric Hybrids ◽  
Meiotic Pairing ◽  
Green Leaves ◽  
Psathyrostachys Juncea ◽  
Basic Genome ◽  
Chromosome Associations ◽  
Thinopyrum Elongatum ◽  
First Time

Intergeneric hybrids were synthesized for the first time from the diploid crosses Thinopyrum elongatum (JeJe) × Psathyrostachys juncea (NjNj), T. elongatum × P. fragilis (NfNf), T. bessarabicum (JbJb) × P. huashanica (NhNh), and T. bessarabicum × P. juncea, as well as from a cross between the amphidiploid of T. bessarabicum × T. elongatum (JbJbJeJe) and P. juncea. Spikes of these hybrids are morphologically intermediate between those of the parental species. Double spikelets occurred occasionally at central nodes of the spikes. Glaucous blue leaves appeared in the F1 only in the cross T. bessarabicum × P. huashanica, suggesting that the gene(s) for glaucous blue leaves in T. bessarabicum is (are) recessive to a gene(s) for green leaves in P. juncea but is (are) dominant to that for yellowish green leaves in P. huashanica. Meiotic pairing at metaphase I in these diploid (JN) and triploid (JJN) hybrids revealed a very low level of homology between the basic J and N genome. Therefore, the J and N genomes are nonhomologous and justifiably represented by different genome symbols. The triploid hybrids exhibited a pattern of chromosome associations that substantiated the earlier conclusion that the genomes in T. bessarabicum and T. elongatum are two versions of a basic genome (J). These hybrids will be useful in genome analysis, forming new Leymus species with the J and N genomes and broadening the diversity in the genus Pascopyrum with the SHJN genomes.Key words: hybrid, Thinopyrum, Psathyrostachys, genome.

Rye C-banding patterns and meiotic stability of hexaploid triticale (× Triticosecale) selections differing in kernel shriveling

Genome ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 686-689 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles M. Papa ◽  
R. Morris ◽  
J. W. Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Secale Cereale ◽  
Chromosome Banding ◽  
Agronomic Performance ◽  
Hexaploid Triticale ◽  
Kernel Development ◽  
Banding Patterns ◽  
C Banding ◽  
Meiotic Stability ◽  
Metaphase I

Two winter hexaploid triticale populations derived from the same cross were selected on the basis of grain appearance and agronomic performance. The five lines from 84LT402 showed more kernel shriveling than the four lines from 84LT401. The derived lines were analyzed for aneuploid frequencies, rye chromosome banding patterns, and meiotic stability to detect associations with kernel development. The aneuploid frequencies were 16% in 84LT401 and 18% in 84LT402. C-banding showed that both selection groups had all the rye chromosomes except 2R. The two groups had similar telomeric patterns but differed in the long-arm interstitial patterns of 4R and 5R. Compared with lines from 84LT402, those from 84LT401 had significantly fewer univalents and rod bivalents, and more paired arms at metaphase I; fewer laggards and bridges at anaphase I; and a higher frequency of normal tetrads. There were no significant differences among lines within each group for any meiotic character. Since there were no differences within or between groups in telomeric banding patterns, the differences in kernel shriveling and meiotic stability might be due to genotypic factors and (or) differences in the interstitial patterns of 4R and 5R. By selecting plump grains, lines with improved kernel characteristics along with improved meiotic stability are obtainable.Key words: triticale, meiotic stability, C-banding, Secale cereale, heterochromatin.

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