Initial performance of the lower deck of the Centre Street Bridge, Calgary

2009 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-62
Author(s):  
P. L. Shrive ◽  
T. G. Brown ◽  
J. P. Newhook ◽  
J. Kroman ◽  
G. S. Tadros ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Loading ◽  
Monitoring Program ◽  
Initial Assessment ◽  
Reinforced Polymer ◽  
Glass Fibre Reinforced Polymer ◽  
Fibre Reinforced Polymer ◽  
Glass Fibre Reinforced ◽  
Reinforcement Design ◽  
Lower Deck

An initial assessment program was implemented for the lower deck of the Centre Street Bridge in Calgary. The program was designed so that the short-term behaviour of both the glass fibre reinforced polymer (GFRP) and steel reinforcements used in the lower deck, and their respective spans, could be compared. The monitoring provided useful information for verifying GFRP reinforcement design performance, and also raised challenging questions as to how the spans actually behave under thermal loading. Results indicated very little difference in the performances of the spans or their reinforcements over the three year monitoring period. Instrumentation and data acquisition systems are described herein, and representative data are presented. This project allowed the authors to develop some guidance criteria vis-à-vis structural health monitoring (SHM) requirements. During the latter stages of the monitoring program, the lower deck monitoring system was considered for its potential as a long-term SHM program, but on evaluation was found to have features that made it unsuitable for SHM purposes.

Long-term deflection prediction of concrete members reinforced with glass fibre reinforced polymer bars

2000 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 890-898 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tara Hall ◽  
Amin Ghali
Keyword(s):  
Glass Fibre ◽  
Steel Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Model Code ◽  
Concrete Members ◽  
Reinforced Polymer ◽  
Reinforced Beams ◽  
Glass Fibre Reinforced Polymer ◽  
Fibre Reinforced Polymer ◽  
Glass Fibre Reinforced

This paper presents the results of an experimental investigation of the long-term deflection behaviour of concrete shallow beams reinforced with glass fibre reinforced polymer (GFRP) bars. The long-term deflections of the GFRP-reinforced beams are compared to deflections of identical beams reinforced with steel bars. All beams were under sustained loading for approximately 8 months. The variables were the level of sustained loading and the reinforcement materials: steel or GFRP. The experimental immediate and long-term deflections of both the steel- and the GFRP-reinforced beams were compared to calculated deflections using the CEB-FIP Model Code 1990, and the ACI 318-95 code using the recommendations of ACI Committee 209; these references are for steel reinforced concrete members. The test results indicate that under similar loading conditions and the same reinforcement ratio, the GFRP-reinforced beams had long-term deflections, due to creep and shrinkage, 1.7 times greater than those of the steel-reinforced beams. A comparison of the theoretical and experimental immediate and long-term deflections indicates that the CEB-FIP Model Code 1990 gives reasonable predictions for all beams, and that the ACI 318-95 code, using the ACI Committee 209 recommendations, overestimates the deflections due to the combined effects of creep and shrinkage.Key words: glass fibre reinforced polymer (GFRP), steel, reinforced concrete, long-term, deflections, flexure, elastic modulus.

scholarly journals Thermal Delamination Modelling and Evaluation of Aluminium–Glass Fibre-Reinforced Polymer Hybrid

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 492
Author(s):  
Zhen Pei Chow ◽  
Zaini Ahmad ◽  
King Jye Wong ◽  
Seyed Saeid Rahimian Koloor ◽  
Michal Petrů
Keyword(s):  
Crack Front ◽  
Cohesive Zone ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Mode I ◽  
Mode Ii ◽  
Cohesive Model ◽  
Reinforced Polymer ◽  
Glass Fibre Reinforced Polymer ◽  
Fibre Reinforced Polymer ◽  
Glass Fibre Reinforced

This paper aims to propose a temperature-dependent cohesive model to predict the delamination of dissimilar metal–composite material hybrid under Mode-I and Mode-II delamination. Commercial nonlinear finite element (FE) code LS-DYNA was used to simulate the material and cohesive model of hybrid aluminium–glass fibre-reinforced polymer (GFRP) laminate. For an accurate representation of the Mode-I and Mode-II delamination between aluminium and GFRP laminates, cohesive zone modelling with bilinear traction separation law was implemented. Cohesive zone properties at different temperatures were obtained by applying trends of experimental results from double cantilever beam and end notched flexural tests. Results from experimental tests were compared with simulation results at 30, 70 and 110 °C to verify the validity of the model. Mode-I and Mode-II FE models compared to experimental tests show a good correlation of 5.73% and 7.26% discrepancy, respectively. Crack front stress distribution at 30 °C is characterised by a smooth gradual decrease in Mode-I stress from the centre to the edge of the specimen. At 70 °C, the entire crack front reaches the maximum Mode-I stress with the exception of much lower stress build-up at the specimen’s edge. On the other hand, the Mode-II stress increases progressively from the centre to the edge at 30 °C. At 70 °C, uniform low stress is built up along the crack front with the exception of significantly higher stress concentrated only at the free edge. At 110 °C, the stress distribution for both modes transforms back to the similar profile, as observed in the 30 °C case.

Ultimate capacity of barrier–deck anchorage in MTQ TL-5 barrier reinforced with headed-end, high-modulus, sand-coated GFRP bars

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 263-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Rostami ◽  
Khaled Sennah ◽  
Hamdy M. Afefy
Keyword(s):  
Highway Bridges ◽  
Experimental Program ◽  
Embedment Depth ◽  
Reinforced Polymer ◽  
Vehicle Impact ◽  
Glass Fibre Reinforced Polymer ◽  
Fibre Reinforced Polymer ◽  
Glass Fibre Reinforced ◽  
Experimental Findings ◽  
Deck Slab

This paper presents an experimental program to justify the barrier design at the barrier–deck junction when compared to the factored applied transverse vehicular loading specified in the Canadian Highway Bridge Design Code (CHBDC). Compared to the dimensioning and the glass fibre reinforced polymer (GFRP) bar detailing of a recently crash-tested GFRP-reinforced barrier, the adopted barrier configurations in this paper were similar to those specified by Ministry of Transportation of Québec (MTQ) for TL-5 barrier except that the base of the barrier was 40 mm narrower and the deck slab is of 200 mm thickness, leading to reduction in the GFRP embedment depth into the deck slab. Four full-scale TL-5 barrier specimens were tested to collapse. Correlation between the experimental findings and the factored applied moments from CHBDC equivalent vehicle impact forces resulting from the finite-element modelling of the barrier–deck system was conducted followed by recommendations for use of the proposed design in highway bridges in Québec.

scholarly journals The Effect of Layers and Bullet Type on Impact Properties of Glass Fibre Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) Using a Single Stage Gas Gun (SSGG)

2014 ◽  
Vol 564 ◽  
pp. 428-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.N.A. Safri ◽  
Mohamed Thariq Hameed Sultan ◽  
N. Razali ◽  
Shahnor Basri ◽  
Noorfaizal Yidris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Impact Energy ◽  
Glass Fibre ◽  
Impact Test ◽  
Single Stage ◽  
Gas Gun ◽  
Reinforced Polymer ◽  
Glass Fibre Reinforced Polymer ◽  
Fibre Reinforced Polymer ◽  
Glass Fibre Reinforced ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of this work is to study the best number of layer with the higher impact energy using Glass Fibre Reinforced Polymer (GFRP). The number of layers used in this study was 25, 33, 41, and 49. The impact test was performed using Single Stage Gas Gun (SSGG) for each layers given above with different bullets such as blunt, hemispherical and conical bullets. The gas gun pressure was set to 5, 10, 15 and 20 bar. All of the signals captured from the impact test were recorded using a ballistic data acquisition system. The correlation between the impact energy in terms of number of layer and type of bullet from this test are presented and discussed. It can be summarise that as the number of layer increases, impact energy also increases. In addition, from the results, it was observed that by using different types of bullets (blunt, hemispherical, conical), there is only a slight difference in values of energy absorbed by the specimen.

Quasi-Static Indentation Behaviour of Glass Fibre Reinforced Polymer

2014 ◽  
Vol 970 ◽  
pp. 317-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Syed Mohd Saiful Azwan ◽  
Yahya Mohd Yazid ◽  
Ayob Amran ◽  
Behzad Abdi
Keyword(s):  
Glass Fibre ◽  
Polyester Resin ◽  
Loading Rates ◽  
Reinforced Polymer ◽  
Glass Fibre Reinforced Polymer ◽  
Static Indentation ◽  
Indentation Tests ◽  
Fibre Reinforced Polymer ◽  
Glass Fibre Reinforced ◽  
Chopped Strand Mat

Fibre reinforced polymer (FRP) plates subject to quasi-static indentation loading were studied. The plates were fabricated from three layers of chopped strand mat glass fibre and polyester resin using vacuum infusion process. Indentation tests were conducted on the plates with loading rates of 1 mm/min, 10 mm/min, 100 mm/min and 500 mm/min using a hemispherical tip indenter with diameter 12.5 mm. The plates were clamped in a square fixture with an unsupported space of 100 mm × 100 mm. The loads and deflections at the indented location were measured to give energy absorption-deflection curves. The results showed that the loading rate has a large effect on the indentation behaviour and energy absorbed.

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