Ice jams in shallow rivers with floodplain flow

1983 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 538-548 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darryl J. Calkins
Keyword(s):  
Field Measurements ◽  
Close Correlation ◽  
Ice Cover ◽  
Ice Jams ◽  
Ice Jam ◽  
Surface Gradient ◽  
Breakup Channel ◽  
Modified Equations ◽  
Cover Thickness ◽  
Ice Jam Thickness

The equilibrium ice jam thickness given by Pariset et al. is modified to yield a clearer, consistent relationship between the flow hydraulics and thickness. The modified equations are analyzed with respect to a floating ice jam in the main channel with flow also occurring in the floodplain. The final derivation allows the expected ice jam thickness to be computed, given the bed and ice cover roughness coefficients, the channel characteristics, the water surface gradient, and the pre-breakup channel ice cover thickness. The analytical computation for the ice jam thicknesses is compared with prototype data on ice jam thicknesses from four shallow rivers which had significant floodplain flow with the ice jam event. A reasonable correlation between the predicted and measured ice jam thicknesses was obtained. The data suggests that once bankfull depth is exceeded the ice jam thickness does not increase appreciably because of flow diversion to the floodplain. Field measurements of the thickness of the remaining ice jam shear wall along with actual measurements of the ice jam thickness showed a close correlation between the two sets of data.

River ice breakup processes: recent advances and future directions

2007 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 703-716 ◽  
Author(s):  
Spyros Beltaos
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Climate Change Impacts ◽  
Ice Cover ◽  
Aquatic Life ◽  
Ice Jams ◽  
Ice Jam ◽  
Ice Breakup ◽  
Extreme Flood ◽  
Mitigation Methods

The breakup of the winter ice cover is a brief but seminal event in the regime of northern rivers, and in the life cycle of river and basin ecosystems. Breakup ice jams can cause extreme flood events, with major impacts on riverside communities, aquatic life, infrastructure, navigation, and hydropower generation. Related concerns are underscored by the issue of climate change and the faster warming that is predicted for northern parts of the globe. Advances in knowledge of breakup processes and related topics, achieved over the past 15 years or so, are outlined. They pertain to breakup initiation and ice-jam formation, ice-jam properties and numerical modelling of ice jams, waves generated by ice-jam releases, forecasting and mitigation methods, sediment transport, ecological aspects, and climate-change impacts. Major knowledge gaps are associated with the dynamic interaction of moving ice with the flow and with the stationary ice cover. Increasing computing capacity and remote sensing sophistication are expected to provide effective means for bridging these gaps. Key words: climate, ecology, forecasting, ice jam, modelling, onset, sediment, wave.

Longitudinal floating structures – new concepts in river ice control

1991 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 933-939 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darryl J. Calkins
Keyword(s):  
Patent Application ◽  
Ice Cover ◽  
River Ice ◽  
Army Corps ◽  
Army Corps Of Engineers ◽  
Ice Jams ◽  
Control Structures ◽  
Ice Jam ◽  
New Concepts ◽  
Ice Control

Ice control structures placed in the streamwise direction of a river were analyzed to determine the effectiveness in reducing ice jam thicknesses. The theory describing the thickness for “wide” river ice jams was modified to analyze these longitudinal types, providing the computational verification that ice jam thicknesses could be reduced where the mode of ice cover thickening is internal collapse. These longitudinal structures appear to provide a new tool for modifying the river ice regime at freeze-up and possibly at breakup. By decreasing the ice jam thicknesses, which leads to lower stages, the structures have the potential for decreasing ice jam flood levels. The structures' ability to function is independent of the flow velocity and these structures should perform in rivers with velocities greater than the usual limitation of roughly 1 m/s associated with conventional cross-channel ice booms. Other possible applications include controlling ice movement at outlets from lakes, enhancing river ice cover progression, or even restraining the ice cover at breakup. A U.S. patent application has been filed jointly by the author and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. Key words: river ice, ice jams, ice control, hydraulic structures, ice booms.

Ice jam release surges, ice runs, and breaking fronts: field measurements, physical descriptions, and research needs

2003 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Jasek
Keyword(s):  
Unsteady Flow ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Open Water ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Ice Jams ◽  
Water Ice ◽  
Flow Models ◽  
Ice Jam ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Break Up

Surges or flood waves made up of ice and water resulting from the release of ice jams can be destructive to life and property and are also one of the more complicated problems in river ice engineering. The interaction between the ice mechanics and unsteady flow leads to results that are often unpredictable with open water unsteady flow models. There are considerable differences of opinion on the degree of significance of this water–ice interaction. There have also been recent developments in two-phase unsteady flow modelling which are capable of handling these complicated situations. It is the aim of this paper to present both quantitative data and qualitative observations on ice runs and breaking fronts to provide insight to the physical processes involved as and possible sources of model calibration data.Key words: ice jam, surge, unsteady flow, ice run, ice jam release, breaking front, break-up, breakup, break-up front.

scholarly journals Impacts of bridge piers on the initiation of ice cover – an experimental study

2015 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 327-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Wang ◽  
Fayi Shi ◽  
Pangpang Chen ◽  
Peng Wu ◽  
Jueyi Sui
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Ice Cover ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Bridge Piers ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Flow Conditions ◽  
Ice Jams ◽  
Ice Jam ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Northern Rivers

AbstractIce jams in northern rivers during winter period significantly change the flow conditions due to the extra boundary of the flow. Moreover, with the presence of bridge piers in the channel, the flow conditions can be further complicated. Ice cover often starts from the front of bridge piers, extending to the upstream. With the accumulation of ice cover, ice jam may happen during early spring, which results in the notorious ice jam flooding. In the present study, the concentration of flowing ice around bridge piers has been evaluated based on experiments carried out in laboratory. The critical condition for the initiation of ice cover around bridge piers has been investigated. An equation for the critical floe concentration was developed. The equation has been validated by experimental data from previous studies. The proposed model can be used for the prediction of formation of ice cover in front of a bridge pier under certain conditions.

Ice jam mitigation

1990 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 675-685 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harold S. Belore ◽  
Brian C. Burrell ◽  
Spyros Beltaos
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Carrying Capacity ◽  
Flood Control ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
River Ice ◽  
Ice Jams ◽  
Ice Jam ◽  
Ice Breakup

In Canada, flooding due to the rise in water levels upstream of an ice jam, or the temporary exceedance of the flow and ice-carrying capacity of a channel upon release of an ice jam, has resulted in the loss of human life and extensive economic losses. Ice jam mitigation is a component of river ice management which includes all activities carried out to prevent or remove ice jams, or to reduce the damages that may result from an ice jam event. This paper presents a brief overview of measures to mitigate the damaging effects of ice jams and contains a discussion on their application to Canadian rivers. Key words: controlled ice breakup, flood control, ice jams, ice management, river ice.

scholarly journals Present-day Specific Features of the Channel Morphology and Ice-jam Formation at the Tom’ River

2012 ◽  
pp. 21-33
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Information ◽  
Channel Morphology ◽  
Hydrological Processes ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Channel Deformations ◽  
Ice Jams ◽  
Ice Jam ◽  
Engineering Measures ◽  
Tomsk Region

Features of present-day channel deformations of the Tom' River within the Tomsk region and related processes of the ice jams’ formation have been considered. Recommendations about prevention of their negative consequences have been offered. They include organizational, scientific/information and engineering measures of the damages prevention against dangerous hydrological processes under consideration.

scholarly journals Convolutional Neural Network and Long Short-Term Memory Models for Ice-Jam Prediction

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatemehalsadat Madaeni ◽  
Karem Chokmani ◽  
Rachid Lhissou ◽  
Saeid Homayuni ◽  
Yves Gauthier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Weather Forecasting ◽  
Multivariate Time Series ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Time Series Classification ◽  
Ice Jams ◽  
Ice Jam ◽  
Learning Techniques ◽  
Long Short Term Memory

Abstract. In cold regions, ice-jam events result in severe flooding due to a rapid rise in water levels upstream of the jam. These floods threaten human safety and damage properties and infrastructures as the floods resulting from ice-jams are sudden. Hence, the ice-jam prediction tools can give an early warning to increase response time and minimize the possible corresponding damages. However, the ice-jam prediction has always been a challenging problem as there is no analytical method available for this purpose. Nonetheless, ice jams form when some hydro-meteorological conditions happen, a few hours to a few days before the event. The ice-jam prediction problem can be considered as a binary multivariate time-series classification. Deep learning techniques have been successfully applied for time-series classification in many fields such as finance, engineering, weather forecasting, and medicine. In this research, we successfully applied CNN, LSTM, and combined CN-LSTM networks for ice-jam prediction for all the rivers in Quebec. The results show that the CN-LSTM model yields the best results in the validation and generalization with F1 scores of 0.82 and 0.91, respectively. This demonstrates that CNN and LSTM models are complementary, and a combination of them further improves classification.

scholarly journals Ice jam flood risks on the rivers of the Baikal Basin

2020 ◽  
Vol 163 ◽  
pp. 02001
Author(s):  
Tatyana Borisova
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Flood Hazard ◽  
Hazard Analysis ◽  
Lake Basin ◽  
Baikal Lake ◽  
Ice Jams ◽  
Damage Area ◽  
Selenga River ◽  
Ice Jam ◽  
Rational Development

The article presents the results of analysis and assessment of risks related to ice jams on the rivers of the Baikal Lake Basin. It also proposes the recommendations for mitigation and rational development of coastal areas. Data on catastrophic ice jam floods for more than 100 years is presented, the factors of their formation and mechanism of their movement are considered. On the basis of official statistics from expedition surveys, potentially dangerous jamming areas have been identified, and the repeatability and extent of floods have been calculated. With the help of ArcGIS package the scale of possible flooding was determined, which allowed to reveal the list of economic objects within the damage area. Specific indicators have been used to calculate the expected damage to territories, facilities and population from the flood hazard. Analysis and assessment of economic risk from the floods on the Selenga River are given. Measures to minimize risks of negative impact of floods are proposed.

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