scholarly journals Ice jam flood risks on the rivers of the Baikal Basin

2020 ◽  
Vol 163 ◽  
pp. 02001
Author(s):  
Tatyana Borisova
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Flood Hazard ◽  
Hazard Analysis ◽  
Lake Basin ◽  
Baikal Lake ◽  
Ice Jams ◽  
Damage Area ◽  
Selenga River ◽  
Ice Jam ◽  
Rational Development

The article presents the results of analysis and assessment of risks related to ice jams on the rivers of the Baikal Lake Basin. It also proposes the recommendations for mitigation and rational development of coastal areas. Data on catastrophic ice jam floods for more than 100 years is presented, the factors of their formation and mechanism of their movement are considered. On the basis of official statistics from expedition surveys, potentially dangerous jamming areas have been identified, and the repeatability and extent of floods have been calculated. With the help of ArcGIS package the scale of possible flooding was determined, which allowed to reveal the list of economic objects within the damage area. Specific indicators have been used to calculate the expected damage to territories, facilities and population from the flood hazard. Analysis and assessment of economic risk from the floods on the Selenga River are given. Measures to minimize risks of negative impact of floods are proposed.

High-accuracy mapping of inundations induced by ice jams: a case study from Iceland

2012 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 412-421 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Pagneux ◽  
Árni Snorrason
Keyword(s):  
Flood Hazard ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Open Water ◽  
Flood Hazards ◽  
Hydraulic Modelling ◽  
Photo Interpretation ◽  
Ice Jams ◽  
Ice Jam ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
Elevation Model

Hydraulic modelling is widely used for deriving flood hazard maps featuring depth of flooding and flow velocity from discharge scenarios. Due to uncertainties about flow conditions or inaccurate terrain models, flood hazards maps obtained from hydraulic modelling may be of limited relevance and accuracy. Hydraulic modelling is particularly challenging in Arctic regions, where ice jams lead to flooding in areas that would not be subjected to inundation under open-water conditions. As numerical models of ice jam processes require information that may be difficult and expensive to collect, an alternative approach based on the photo interpretation of documented historical events is presented here. Orthophotographs and a digital elevation model at high resolution are used to support the photo interpretation process. Tested in an Icelandic watershed prone to ice jam floods, reconstructions provide locally unprecedented and robust information on the extent and depth of flooding of inundations induced by ice jams.

Urban flood hazard analysis in present and future climate after statistical downscaling: a case study in Ha Tinh city, Vietnam

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 257-274
Author(s):  
T. T. A. Le ◽  
N. T. Lan-Anh ◽  
V. Daskali ◽  
B. Verbist ◽  
K. C. Vu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Downscaling ◽  
Flood Hazard ◽  
Hazard Analysis ◽  
Future Climate ◽  
Urban Flood

Ice jam mitigation

1990 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 675-685 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harold S. Belore ◽  
Brian C. Burrell ◽  
Spyros Beltaos
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Carrying Capacity ◽  
Flood Control ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
River Ice ◽  
Ice Jams ◽  
Ice Jam ◽  
Ice Breakup

In Canada, flooding due to the rise in water levels upstream of an ice jam, or the temporary exceedance of the flow and ice-carrying capacity of a channel upon release of an ice jam, has resulted in the loss of human life and extensive economic losses. Ice jam mitigation is a component of river ice management which includes all activities carried out to prevent or remove ice jams, or to reduce the damages that may result from an ice jam event. This paper presents a brief overview of measures to mitigate the damaging effects of ice jams and contains a discussion on their application to Canadian rivers. Key words: controlled ice breakup, flood control, ice jams, ice management, river ice.

scholarly journals Present-day Specific Features of the Channel Morphology and Ice-jam Formation at the Tom’ River

2012 ◽  
pp. 21-33
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Information ◽  
Channel Morphology ◽  
Hydrological Processes ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Channel Deformations ◽  
Ice Jams ◽  
Ice Jam ◽  
Engineering Measures ◽  
Tomsk Region

Features of present-day channel deformations of the Tom' River within the Tomsk region and related processes of the ice jams’ formation have been considered. Recommendations about prevention of their negative consequences have been offered. They include organizational, scientific/information and engineering measures of the damages prevention against dangerous hydrological processes under consideration.

scholarly journals Combined fluvial and pluvial urban flood hazard analysis: method development and application to Can Tho City, Mekong Delta, Vietnam

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (8) ◽  
pp. 4967-5013 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Apel ◽  
O. M. Trepat ◽  
N. N. Hung ◽  
D. T. Chinh ◽  
B. Merz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrodynamic Model ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Method Development ◽  
Flood Hazard ◽  
Hazard Analysis ◽  
Mekong Delta ◽  
Rain Gauge ◽  
Convective Precipitation ◽  
Can Tho City

Abstract. Many urban areas experience both fluvial and pluvial floods, because locations next to rivers are preferred settlement areas, and the predominantly sealed urban surface prevents infiltration and facilitates surface inundation. The latter problem is enhanced in cities with insufficient or non-existent sewer systems. While there are a number of approaches to analyse either fluvial or pluvial flood hazard, studies of combined fluvial and pluvial flood hazard are hardly available. Thus this study aims at the analysis of fluvial and pluvial flood hazard individually, but also at developing a method for the analysis of combined pluvial and fluvial flood hazard. This combined fluvial-pluvial flood hazard analysis is performed taking Can Tho city, the largest city in the Vietnamese part of the Mekong Delta, as example. In this tropical environment the annual monsoon triggered floods of the Mekong River can coincide with heavy local convective precipitation events causing both fluvial and pluvial flooding at the same time. Fluvial flood hazard was estimated with a copula based bivariate extreme value statistic for the gauge Kratie at the upper boundary of the Mekong Delta and a large-scale hydrodynamic model of the Mekong Delta. This provided the boundaries for 2-dimensional hydrodynamic inundation simulation for Can Tho city. Pluvial hazard was estimated by a peak-over-threshold frequency estimation based on local rain gauge data, and a stochastic rain storm generator. Inundation was simulated by a 2-dimensional hydrodynamic model implemented on a Graphical Processor Unit (GPU) for time-efficient flood propagation modelling. All hazards – fluvial, pluvial and combined – were accompanied by an uncertainty estimation considering the natural variability of the flood events. This resulted in probabilistic flood hazard maps showing the maximum inundation depths for a selected set of probabilities of occurrence, with maps showing the expectation (median) and the uncertainty by percentile maps. The results are critically discussed and ways for their usage in flood risk management are outlined.

scholarly journals Convolutional Neural Network and Long Short-Term Memory Models for Ice-Jam Prediction

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatemehalsadat Madaeni ◽  
Karem Chokmani ◽  
Rachid Lhissou ◽  
Saeid Homayuni ◽  
Yves Gauthier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Weather Forecasting ◽  
Multivariate Time Series ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Time Series Classification ◽  
Ice Jams ◽  
Ice Jam ◽  
Learning Techniques ◽  
Long Short Term Memory

Abstract. In cold regions, ice-jam events result in severe flooding due to a rapid rise in water levels upstream of the jam. These floods threaten human safety and damage properties and infrastructures as the floods resulting from ice-jams are sudden. Hence, the ice-jam prediction tools can give an early warning to increase response time and minimize the possible corresponding damages. However, the ice-jam prediction has always been a challenging problem as there is no analytical method available for this purpose. Nonetheless, ice jams form when some hydro-meteorological conditions happen, a few hours to a few days before the event. The ice-jam prediction problem can be considered as a binary multivariate time-series classification. Deep learning techniques have been successfully applied for time-series classification in many fields such as finance, engineering, weather forecasting, and medicine. In this research, we successfully applied CNN, LSTM, and combined CN-LSTM networks for ice-jam prediction for all the rivers in Quebec. The results show that the CN-LSTM model yields the best results in the validation and generalization with F1 scores of 0.82 and 0.91, respectively. This demonstrates that CNN and LSTM models are complementary, and a combination of them further improves classification.

Use of Geo-Informatics in Flood Hazard Mapping: A Case of Balkhu River

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 52-57
Author(s):  
Susheel Dangol
Keyword(s):  
Flood Hazard ◽  
Hazard Analysis ◽  
System Model ◽  
One Dimension ◽  
Hazard Mapping ◽  
Land Area ◽  
Technical Approach ◽  
Barren Land ◽  
Flood Depth ◽  
Analysis System

Flood is one of the striking water induced disaster that hits most of the part of the world. In Nepal also it is one of the serious disasters which affect the study describes the technical approach of probable flood hazard analysis. Segment of Balkhu River within the Balkhu catchment of area 44.37 km2 from Kirtipur gorge to Bagmati confluence was taken as area of study. The total length of the study segment was 5485.89 m. One dimension HEC-RAS (Hydrologic Engineering Center-River Analysis System) model was used for the analysis. The study shows that higher flood depth increases and low flood depth decreases with increase in intensity of flood. Also, huge area of barren land area is affected by flood and few percentage of settlement area is affected by flood indicating the damages to the human lives. Huge area of barren land indicates that in future human lives are more prone to disasters as those lands have gone through planning for future settlement.Nepalese Journal on Geoinformatics -13, 2014, Page: 52-57

scholarly journals A Vulnerability Assessment of Urban Emergency in Schools of Shanghai

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Yin ◽  
Yameng Jing ◽  
Dapeng Yu ◽  
Mingwu Ye ◽  
Yuhan Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Services ◽  
Response Times ◽  
Flood Hazard ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Hazard Analysis ◽  
Rescue Service ◽  
Traffic Conditions ◽  
Pluvial Flooding ◽  
Urban Pluvial Flooding ◽  
The City

Schools and students are particularly vulnerable to natural hazards, especially pluvial flooding in cities. This paper presents a scenario-based study that assesses the school vulnerability of emergency services (i.e., Emergency Medical Service and Fire & Rescue Service) to urban pluvial flooding in the city center of Shanghai, China through the combination of flood hazard analysis and GIS-based accessibility mapping. Emergency coverages and response times in various traffic conditions are quantified to generate school vulnerability under normal no-flood and 100-y pluvial flood scenarios. The findings indicate that severe pluvial flooding could lead to proportionate and linear impacts on emergency response provision to schools in the city. Only 11% of all the schools is predicted to be completely unreachable (very high vulnerability) during flood emergency but the majority of the schools would experience significant delay in the travel times of emergency responses. In this case, appropriate adaptations need to be particularly targeted for specific hot-spot areas (e.g., new urbanized zones) and crunch times (e.g., rush hours).

scholarly journals An approach for flood hazard modelling and mapping in the medium Valtellina

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1141-1151 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Poretti ◽  
M. De Amicis
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Flood Hazard ◽  
Hazard Analysis ◽  
Hazard Mapping ◽  
Hazard Maps ◽  
Experimental Modelling ◽  
Hydrodynamic Simulations ◽  
Lombardy Region ◽  
Legislative Framework ◽  
Modelling Approach

Abstract. In the Lombardy Region, as in many other contexts all over the world, hazard maps do not have a precise legislative confirmation. Despite this, they are necessary to support several institutional activities, and among these, local urban planning. An approach to hazard analysis and mapping that fits the Lombardy Region legislative framework is presented here that introduces a level of experimental modelling, making use of SOBEK 1-D–2-D as a tool for hydrodynamic simulations. A stretch of 17 km of the Adda river in Valtellina has been modelled, referring to twelve scenarios characterised by different temporal probabilities, and comprising the main sources of uncertainty. The results were compared with available local hydraulic studies, and combined to obtain two complementary flood hazard maps which could usefully support urban planning. Advantages and drawbacks of this modelling approach, together with considerations related to flood hazard mapping are discussed.

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