Mixing zone studies in the Grand River Basin

1984 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 204-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. P. Halappa Gowda ◽  
L. E. Post
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
River Flow ◽  
Residual Chlorine ◽  
Mixing Zone ◽  
Planning Period ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Zone Management ◽  
Basin Water ◽  
Grand River ◽  
The Impact

A steady state mathematical model based on the "stream tube" concept was utilized to evaluate the impact of various viable management options on the mixing zone boundaries for nonionized ammonia and total residual chlorine at the Grand River below Waterloo, Kitchener, and Galt, and the Speed River below Guelph. The options evaluated as part of the Grand River Basin Water Management Study include various river flows and effluent flows projected for the planning period 1981–2031. The predictions indicate that a zone of passage equal to 60% of river flow is attainable for chlorine in all cases except in the Speed River below Guelph beyond the year 2001, and in-plant nitrification is required at Waterloo and Kitchener under the present conditions in order to comply with the objective for nonionized ammonia. At Guelph, with in-plant nitrification, the model predicts that the ammonia objective will not be met for existing and future summer conditions and for winter conditions beyond the year 2001. For Galt, the ammonia objective is met with conventional secondary treatment under all options. The maximum longitudinal boundary of limited use zone for various options is also summarized. Key words: ammonia, chlorine, limited use zone, management options, mixing zone, modelling, rivers, zone of passage.

scholarly journals Effect of Land Use Land Cover and Climate Change on River Flow and Soil Loss in Didessa River Basin, South West Blue Nile, Ethiopia

Hydrology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kinati Chimdessa ◽  
Shoeb Quraishi ◽  
Asfaw Kebede ◽  
Tena Alamirew
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Land Cover ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Sediment Yield ◽  
Soil Loss ◽  
River Flow ◽  
Land Use Land Cover ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Soil Losses

In the Didessa river basin, which is found in Ethiopia, the human population number is increasing at an alarming rate. The conversion of forests, shrub and grasslands into cropland has increased in parallel with the population increase. The land use/land cover change (LULCC) that has been undertaken in the river basin combined with climate change may have affected the Didessa river flow and soil loss. Therefore, this study was designed to assess the impact of LULCC on the Didessa river flow and soil loss under historical and future climates. Land use/land cover (LULC) of the years 1986, 2001 and 2015 were independently combined with the historical climate to assess their individual impacts on river flow and soil loss. Further, the impact of future climates under Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP2.6, RCP4.5 and RCP8.5) scenarios on river flow and soil loss was assessed by combining the pathways with the 2015 LULC. A physically based Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT2012) model in the ArcGIS 10.4.1 interface was used to realize the purpose. Results of the study revealed that LULCC that occurred between 1986 and 2015 resulted in increased average sediment yield by 20.9 t ha−1 yr−1. Climate change under RCP2.6, RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 combined with 2015 LULC increased annual average soil losses by 31.3, 50.9 and 83.5 t ha−1 yr−1 compared with the 2015 LULC under historical climate data. It was also found that 13.4%, 47.1% and 87.0% of the total area may experience high soil loss under RCP2.6, RCP4.5 and RCP8.5, respectively. Annual soil losses of five top-priority sub catchments range from 62.8 to 57.7 per hectare. Nash Stuncliffe Simulation efficiency (NSE) and R2 values during model calibration and validation indicated good agreement between observed and simulated values both for flow and sediment yield.

Application of SWAT Model in Assessing the Influence of Herbage Covering to Runoff Formation Process in Ma River Basin

2014 ◽  
Vol 955-959 ◽  
pp. 3065-3070
Author(s):  
Tuan Bui Anh ◽  
Shi Hua He ◽  
Lan Vu Thi Thu ◽  
Jian Jun Zhu
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Formation Process ◽  
Input Data ◽  
Swat Model ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
Runoff Formation ◽  
Gis Technique ◽  
Forest Coverage ◽  
Basin Water ◽  
The Impact

The SWAT model and GIS technique were applied to calculate the runoff in the Ma River basin, Vietnam. The study focused on assessing the influence of herbage coverage to runoff formation process. In this integration, GIS supplies SWAT input data included elevation, soil properties, land use and weather data and creates graphical user interface, while SWAT operates input data, delineates watershed, simulates different physical processes, displays output data as runoff. Based on the model testing and parameter calibrating, two scenarios of decreasing and increasing 30% of forest coverage are built to assess the impact to runoff changing. The results have important guiding significance for the planning, management and sustainable utilization of river basin water resources.

scholarly journals Application of the Snowmelt Runoff Model in the Salang River Basin, Afghanistan Using MODIS Satellite Data

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-118
Author(s):  
Hedayatullah Arian ◽  
Rijan B. Kayastha ◽  
Bikas C. Bhattarai ◽  
Ahuti Shresta ◽  
Hafizullah Rasouli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
River Flow ◽  
Snowmelt Runoff ◽  
Annual Average ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Promising Tool ◽  
Daily Discharge ◽  
Input Variables ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Runoff Model

This study is carried out on the Salang River basin, which is located at the northern part of the Kabul River basin, and in the south facing slope of the Hindu Kush Mountains. The basin drains through the Salang River, which is one of the tributaries of the Panjshir River. The basin covers an area of 485.9km2 with a minimum elevation of 1653 m a.s.l. and a maximum elevation of 4770 m a.s.l. The Salang River sustains a substantial flow of water in summer months due to the melting of snow. In this study, we estimate daily discharge of Salang River from 2009 to 2011 using the Snowmelt Runoff Model (SRM, Version 1.12, 2009), originally developed by J. Martinec in 1975. The model uses daily observed precipitation, air temperature and snow cover data as input variables from which discharge is computed. The model is calibrated for the year 2009 and validated for 2010 and 2011. The observed and calculated annual average discharges for the calibration year 2009 are 11.57m3s-1 and 10.73m3s-1, respectively. Similarly, the observed and calculated annual average discharges for the validation year 2010 are 11.55m3s-1 and 10.07m3s-1, respectively and for 2011, the discharges are 9.05 m3s-1 and 9.6m3s-1, respectively. The model is also tested by changing temperature and precipitation for the year 2009. With an increase of 1°C in temperature and 10% in precipitation, the increases in discharge for winter, summer and annually are 21.8%, 13.5% and 14.8%, respectively. With an increase of 2°C in temperature and 20% in precipitation, the increases are 48.5%, 43.3% and 44.1%, respectively. The results obtained suggest that the SRM can be used as a promising tool to estimate the river discharge of the snow fed mountainous river basins of Afghanistan and to study the impact of climate change on river flow pattern of such basins.Journal of Hydrology and Meteorology, Vol. 9(1) 2015, p.109-118

scholarly journals How Inter-Basin Transfer of Water Alters Basin Water Stress Used for Water Footprint Characterization

Environments ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (9) ◽  
pp. 105
Author(s):  
Shinjiro Yano ◽  
Toshio Okazumi ◽  
Yoshihisa Iwasaki ◽  
Masahiro Yamaguchi ◽  
Kenichi Nakamura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Water Footprint ◽  
Water Cycle ◽  
Characterization Factors ◽  
Major River ◽  
Basin Water ◽  
Global Estimates ◽  
Local Water ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Impact

Water footprint assessments contribute to a better understanding of potential environmental impacts related to water and have become essential in water management. The methodologies for characterizing such assessments, however, usually fail to reflect temporal and spatial variations at local scales. In this paper, we employ four widely-used characterization factors, which were originally developed with global estimates of water demand and availability, to evaluate the impact that inter-basin transfer (IBT) of water has on water risk assessments and, consequently, on the evaluation of the soundness of water cycle. The study was conducted for two major river basins in Japan, where diversion channels were built to move water from the Tone river basin to the Arakawa river basin. Considering IBT, the available water in the Arakawa river basin increases a 45%, reducing the characterization factors a 44% on average and denoting their tendency to overestimate the risk in this basin, while the Tone river basin increased the characterization factors a 28% on average by IBT. Moreover, with a simple example we show how ambiguity in the definition of some characterization factors may cause significant changes in the result of the assessments. Finally, we concluded that local water footprint characterization can be more helpful in local assessment of water resources if the results are unanimous, Targetable, Replicable, Ameliorable, Comparable, and Engageable (uTRACE).

scholarly journals BUILDING THE MODEL OF MANAGEMENT AND INFORMATION SHARING OF ENVIRONMENTAL WATER QUALITY – DONG NAI BASIN AS A CASE STUDY

2011 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-28
Author(s):  
Long Ta Bui ◽  
Truong Duy Cao ◽  
Huong Thi My Hoang
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Waste Management ◽  
Information Sharing ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Environmental Water ◽  
River Basin Scale ◽  
Legal Documents ◽  
Basin Scale ◽  
Basin Water ◽  
The Impact

Recently, due to the impact of natural factors and human activities, the water quality in several basins in Vietnam has been seriously degraded. Pressing issues happening in the entire river basin-scale is polluted by waste from urban and industrial areas, oil spills and waste management. So far the system of policies and legal documents relating to protection of water quality basin is still missing and not synchronized, ensure funding for activities to protect water quality basin not meeting actual requirements. In particularly, there is no information data system to cater for the management of basin water quality which is the core of the problem of environmental protection of river basins. The main reason that make pollution happened at the entire river basin scale is bad waste management. which partly due to the lack of a good system of technical data and legal documents related to protection of river basin water quality. In this paper, we present research results from the process of building model for management and information sharing of environmental water quality at Dong Nai river basin.

scholarly journals Impact of urbanized landscapes on the river flow in Europe

2019 ◽  
pp. 78-87
Author(s):  
N. I. Koronkevich ◽  
K. S. Melnik
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
River Runoff ◽  
River Flow ◽  
River Basins ◽  
Annual Runoff ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Urbanized Areas ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Moscow River

Global urban landscapes were growing rapidly during last decades. The impact of this growth on annual river runoff of foreign European and Russian river basins was shown in this article. Calculations for Moscow river basin were taken as a basis for computations. The performed calculations show, that 1% of urbanization area increase also enhances total river runoff at 1%. At the same time 1% growth of watertight territories (included in urbanized landscapes) leads to an increase in runoff by 2–3%. The growth of urbanized areas led to a smaller increase in runoff (2–3 times) in the past (in comparison with current period) due to a less established system of diversion from urbanized landscapes. Calculations were made for Spree, Thames, Seine river basins in comparison Moscow River basin. Impact of capitals landscapes (Berlin, London, Paris, and Moscow) on river runoff was estimated initially, and then the influence of other urbanized areas located in river basins. As a result, the general influence of all urbanized territories was defined. According to results of conducted calculations, modern urbanized areas led to an increase of annual river runoff by more than 9% in Spree river basin, more than 20% of the Thames, over 11% of the Seine and 10% in the basin of Moscow River in comparison with changes during the period of norm calculation (from the end of 19th century till the beginning of the 1960s of the 20th century). According to the results of conducted calculations, modern total annual runoff increase is 2.2–4.5% for Europe and 0.2–0.3% for the Russian Federation in comparison with changes during the period of norm calculation, and in relation to the runoff from the most populated their parts is 3.5-6.9% and 1-2%, respectively. In addition, it can be expressed in km3 with following values: 44.9–89.8 (for foreign Europe) and 7.2–14.3 (for the Russian Federation). For the whole Europe (including European territory of Russia), the runoff increases by 50–100 km3 (or by 2–4%) per year. Actually, this is not so much in percentage terms, though in terms of volume – these values are close to annual runoff of such river as Neva.

scholarly journals Adequacy of Near Real-Time Satellite Precipitation Products in Driving Flood Discharge Simulation in the Fuji River Basin, Japan

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 1087
Author(s):  
Li Zhou ◽  
Mohamed Rasmy ◽  
Kuniyoshi Takeuchi ◽  
Toshio Koike ◽  
Hemakanth Selvarajah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Bias Correction ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
River Flow ◽  
Hydrologic Model ◽  
Satellite Precipitation ◽  
Flood Discharge ◽  
Discharge Simulation ◽  
The Impact

Flood management is an important topic worldwide. Precipitation is the most crucial factor in reducing flood-related risks and damages. However, its adequate quality and sufficient quantity are not met in many parts of the world. Currently, near real-time satellite precipitation products (NRT SPPs) have great potential to supplement the gauge rainfall. However, NRT SPPs have several biases that require corrections before application. As a result, this study investigated two statistical bias correction methods with different parameters for the NRT SPPs and evaluated the adequacy of its application in the Fuji River basin. We employed Global Satellite Mapping of Precipitation (GSMaP)-NRT and Integrated Multi-satellitE Retrievals for GPM (IMERG)-Early for NRT SPPs as well as BTOP model (Block-wise use of the TOPMODEL (Topographic-based hydrologic model)) for flood runoff simulation. The results showed that the corrected SPPs by the 10-day ratio based bias correction method are consistent with the gauge data at the watershed scale. Compared with the original SPPs, the corrected SPPs improved the flood discharge simulation considerably. GSMaP-NRT and IMERG-Early have the potential for hourly river-flow simulation on a basin or large scale after bias correction. These findings can provide references for the applications of NRT SPPs in other basins for flood monitoring and early warning applications. It is necessary to investigate the impact of number of ground observation and their distribution patterns on bias correction and hydrological simulation efficiency, which is the future direction of this study.

scholarly journals SPATIAL-TEMPORAL ASPECTS OF THE HYDROLOGICAL REGIME IN CATCHMENTS AFTER CLEARCUTTING

ASJ. ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (48) ◽  
pp. 24-35
Author(s):  
T. Burenina ◽  
A. Onuchin
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Forest Regeneration ◽  
River Flow ◽  
Hydrological Regime ◽  
Annual Runoff ◽  
Yenisei Ridge ◽  
Structure Changes ◽  
Temporal Aspects ◽  
The Impact

This article discusses the spatial and temporal aspects of hydrological processes in catchments after logging for different landscape conditions of Central Siberia. For this discussion, the results of our own research in the Sayan Mountains, the Yenisei Ridge, the Angara River basin, the Khamar-Daban ridge and literature data were involved. It analyzed the impact of felling area to change the river flow and development of the erosion at the catchment area. The annual runoff, its seasonal structure and sediment discharge change significantly in dependence on as area of clearcutting so area of river basin. The authors analyzed the results of observations of the restoration of the water balance in the experimental logging sites of small catchments and the dynamics of runoff in large rivers. Research has shown the vegetation cover structure changes continuously on logged sites during post-logging forest regeneration and future post-cutting hydrologic regime scenarios are determined both by further climatic changes and by vegetation succession trajectories. The role of the time as a factor to decrease erosion at watershed after logging depends of many regional and local features of landscapes and of initial soil mineralized by logging. For the forests of Khamar-Daban mountainous in Baikal basin the model of soil erosion at watersheds after logging was developed.  

Integrating reservoirs in a landscape-based hydrological model to understand the impact of the reservoir on flow regime in the Cauvery river basin, India

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anjana Ekka ◽  
Saket Kesav ◽  
Saket Pande ◽  
Pieter van der Zaag ◽  
Yong Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Flow Regime ◽  
River Basin ◽  
River Flow ◽  
Calibration Method ◽  
Reservoir Model ◽  
Cauvery River ◽  
River Landscape ◽  
Cauvery River Basin ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Gauging Station

<p>As economic development continues to expand, rivers resources are exploited for power generation, flood control, and irrigation, which substantially impacts the river hydrology and surrounding ecosystem.  Reservoir construction is one of the major contributors to such changes.  Around the world, the long free-flowing rivers are impaired due to reservoirs and their downstream propagation of fragmentation and flow regulation, which impacts the structural and functional connectivities of the entire basin. The extent of interdependence and interactions of biophysical, social, and economic characteristics determine hydrological behaviour and thus define the sustainability of the river ecosystem. In this regard, the topography driven rainfall-runoff modeling (Flex-Topo model) approximates the river landscape hydrological behaviour by delineating the catchment into three functional hydrological units (HRUs).  However, these HRUs are natural and do not take anthropogenic factors into account. Therefore, the present study aims to understand the effects of the integration of reservoirs into a Flex-Topo model to assess model transferability in predicting the river flow regime in ungauged basins.</p><p>The Cauvery river basin in India is chosen as a case study. The construction of reservoirs in the Cauvery basin helped to expand irrigated areas, securing water availability during water stress conditions. Nevertheless, it aggravates the water allocation between upstream and downstream states leading to conflict among states sharing the river basin. Based on size and storage capacity, four large reservoirs are selected for the study. At first, the watershed area is delineated based on the gauge location. For adding reservoirs, two different flex-models are created for the watershed’s areas upstream and downstream of the reservoirs. A separate reservoir model is created for each reservoir. The reservoir model is integrated into the flex-model following operation rule curves to simulate the reservoir based on different reservoir yield. It is assumed that the response of the upstream catchment will serve as an input to the reservoir, and the outflow of the reservoir will be an input to the downstream catchment. These three subunits are connected, and river flow is simulated at the gauge station located at the downstream of the reservoir. Three different procedures are adopted to calibrate the model. First, the integrated flex reservoir model is calibrated using the downstream gauging station. In the second calibration method the reservoir is calibrated first, then keeping the parameters of the reservoir fixed the integrated model is calibrated using downstream gauging station. Third, both the reservoir model and flex model are calibrated separately. The modelled runoff from each parameter sets are compared using Nash-Sutcliffe Model Efficiency and Mean Absolute Error with the observed.</p><p>Results indicate that the second calibration method performed the best and improved the overall performance of the Flex-Topo model. Further, results are compared across the four reservoirs in order to develop a generalized understanding of transferring a integrated flex model to basins where data on reservoirs is unavailable. The proposed method therefore provides a way to simulate both biophysical constraint and anthropogenic modifications simultaneously in river landscape and enhance understanding of impact of reservoirs on river flow regime.</p>

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document