PROTEINASE BIOSYNTHESIS BY STREPTOCOCCUS LIQUEFACIENS: I. THE EFFECT OF CARBON AND NITROGEN SOURCES, pH, AND INHIBITORS

1956 ◽  
Vol 2 (7) ◽  
pp. 747-756 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Rabin ◽  
Leonard N. Zimmerman
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Sodium Fluoride ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Proliferating Cells ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen

Some nutritive aspects of proteinase biosynthesis by non-proliferating cells of Streptococcus liquefaciens, strain 31, were investigated by substituting constituents in a basal medium containing casein, lactose, purines, pyrimidines, vitamins, and salts. The casein of the medium could be replaced by a mixture of 12 "essential" amino acids (glutamic acid, histidine, valine, serine, methionine, leucine, isoleucine, arginine, cystine, lysine, tryptophane, and threonine), thus demonstrating that proteinase synthesis can occur in a medium devoid of protein. Proteinase biosynthesis appeared to depend upon an inordinately high concentration of arginine, required a fermentable carbohydrate, and occurred optimally at pH 6.3. Sodium fluoride and iodoacetate did not inhibit the proteinase activity but radically curbed its synthesis.

scholarly journals Effects of carbon and nitrogen sources on production of proteases by Bacillus subtilis IC-5

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 285-292
Author(s):  
Sereen Gul ◽  
Mujeeb Ur Rahman ◽  
Mohammad Ajmal ◽  
Abdul Kabir Khan Achakzai ◽  
Asim Iqbal
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Sodium Nitrate ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Neutral Protease ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen Source ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen

The effects of various carbon and nitrogen sources were evaluated on production of proteases by Bacillus subtilis IC-5. Both type and concentration of carbon and nitrogen sources influenced the production of proteases. Among the carbon sources glucose was found to be the most effective. It gave maximum production at 2% w/v concentration i.e., 1875 and 950 U/ml, alkaline and neutral protease, respectively. The response of Bacillus subtilis IC-5 towards synthesis and excretion of enzymes varied with the type of nitrogen sources. The addition of organic nitrogen sources to basal medium repressed the synthesis of proteases while the addition of inorganic nitrogen source such as sodium nitrate was found to be the best stimulating for alkaline and neutral protease synthesis. Sodium nitrate enhanced the production up to 62.40 and 10.52% of alkaline and neutral protease, respectively against w.r.t. control.

scholarly journals Nutritional Requirements for the Improvement of Growth and Sporulation of Several Strains ofMonascus purpureuson Solid State Cultivation

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahra Ajdari ◽  
Afshin Ebrahimpour ◽  
Musaalbakri Abdul Manan ◽  
Muhajir Hamid ◽  
Rosfarizan Mohamad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Medium Optimization ◽  
Cell Mass ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Nutritional Requirements ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
The Media ◽  
Sporulation Rate

This paper describes the nutritional requirements for the improvement of growth and sporulation of several strains ofMonascus purpureuson solid state cultivation. The findings revealed that glucose enhanced growth of allM. purpureusstrains tested but inhibited the sporulation rate. On the other hand, sucrose induced sporulation but inhibited production of cell mass. A combination of glucose and sucrose greatly enhanced sporulation and cell mass production ofM. purpureus. Although growth and sporulation rate were related to the ratio of carbon to nitrogen (C/N ratio), the types and concentrations of carbon and nitrogen sources also greatly influenced the growth kinetics. Among the media tested, Hiroi-PDA medium was the most preferred medium for allM. purpureusstrains tested for the enhancement of radial growth rate, sporulation, and cell production. Hence, Hiroi-PDA could be suggested as the generic basal medium for the cultivation ofM. purpureus. However, individual medium optimization is required for significant enhancement in growth and sporulation of each strain ofM. purpureus.

Growth and production of microsclerotia of two Cylindrocladium species with various carbon and nitrogen sources

1974 ◽  
Vol 52 (7) ◽  
pp. 1665-1668 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Weaver
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Sodium Nitrite ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Potassium Nitrate ◽  
Optimum Growth ◽  
Liquid Media ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Cylindrocladium Floridanum ◽  
Slight Growth

Galactose, glucose, maltose, and mannose supported optimum growth of Cylindrocladium scoparium in buffered liquid media. Growth of C. floridanum was maximum on cellobiose, sorbose, and xylose, but growth was only slight on maltose and galactose. Both fungi used several amino acids and grew well on peptone, ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulfate, potassium nitrate, sodium nitrate, and urea. Cylindrocladium floridanum grew well on sodium nitrite, but C. scoparium made only slight growth on this nitrogen source. Ammonium and nitrite compounds inhibited production of microsclerotia by both fungi. The fungi grew between pH 4.1 and 7.5 with optimum growth at pH 6.5. Numbers of microsclerotia produced were generally directly related to the amount of growth.

NITROGEN UTILIZATION IN 38 FRESHWATER CHLAMYDOMONAD ALGAE

1965 ◽  
Vol 43 (11) ◽  
pp. 1367-1378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brother Joseph Cain
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Uric Acid ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Nitrogen Utilization ◽  
Culture Collections ◽  
Morphological Attributes ◽  
Axenic Cultures

Axenic cultures of 38 organisms, half of these available from culture collections of algae and half newly isolated, were investigated for nitrogen utilization. When NaNO3, NaNO2, (NH4)2SO4, and NH4NO3 were used as sole sources of nitrogen in an organic basal medium, it was evident that most of the organisms used NaNO3 and NaNO2 with equal facility. (NH4)2SO4 was utilized to about the same extent as NH4NO3, and both were used with less facility than NaNO3 and NaNO2. Growth in the basal medium with any of nine amino acids as sole nitrogen sources (namely, asparagine, ornithine, aspartic acid, lysine, serine, glycine, glutamic acid, alanine, and glutamine) was sufficiently differential to suggest possible taxonomic utility. When study was made of certain nitrogenous bases as sole nitrogen sources, it was found that adenine and uric acid were widely utilized, but cytosine, thymine, and uracil supported little or no growth. Again, when acetamide and succinamide were used as sole sources of nitrogen, and growth was compared with that in media containing glutamine and asparagine, patterns of growth differed from organism to organism. In summary, it can be said that these experiments provide data on growth patterns which may be significant as supplements to strictly morphological attributes of the organisms.

THE EFFECT OF NUTRIENTS AND ENVIRONMENT ON SYNNEMATA FORMATION OF STILBELLA THERMOPHILA

1967 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 351-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. K. Al-Hassan ◽  
C. L. Fergus
Keyword(s):  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Nutrient Concentration ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Carbon Nitrogen Ratio ◽  
The Media ◽  
Nitrogen Ratio ◽  
Exogenous Supply

Stilbella thermophila Fergus was grown on a chemically denned medium of D-glucose, KNO3, MgSO4, KH2PO4, agar, and microelements to determine the effect of environment and nutrition on growth and synnemata production. An exogenous supply of thiamine stimulated growth markedly on pyridine-purified agar, but both thiamine and biotin were required for synnemata to form. Pyrimidine was the effective moiety, not thiazole. S. thermophila grew on a large number of carbon and nitrogen compounds substituted singly into the basal medium, but synnemata formed on less than half of such media. Sucrose did not inhibit synnemata formation with glucose present, but no synnemata formed with sucrose in the medium even with a number of different nitrogen sources. Synnemata production followed chance mold contamination on a few of the media that normally did not allow their production. The carbon–nitrogen ratio significantly affected synnemata formation. So did pH, concentration of phosphate buffer, and temperature. At suboptimal temperatures, reduced synnemata, or only loose bundles of conidiophores, formed. Light was not required for synnemata initiation nor for maturation. Synnemata formation occurred over a narrower range of temperature, pH, vitamin concentration, nutrient concentration, and nutrient spectrum (carbon and nitrogen sources) than did mycelial growth.

Nutritional requirements for growth of Cryptoporus volvatus

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (8) ◽  
pp. 2532-2534
Author(s):  
Thomas M. Pettey
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Nitrogen Source ◽  
Agar Medium ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Nutritional Requirements ◽  
Good Growth ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Partial Deficiency

Carbon and nitrogen sources were examined in a defined agar medium to determine the nutritional requirements of Cryptoporus volvatus, a Hymenomycete. Good growth was obtained with D-glucose, D-fructose, D-mannose, D-xylose, or dextrin as the carbon source. Good growth was obtained with ammonium sulfate, casein, peptone, glutamic acid, glycine, lysine, serine, or tyrosine as the nitrogen source. In a defined agar medium, C. volvatus exhibited a deficiency for thiamine, and a partial deficiency for biotin, inositol, and pyridoxine.

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