Dynamics of Rhizobium competition for nodulation of Pisum sativum cv. Afghanistan

1980 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 562-565 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. J. Broughton ◽  
A. W. S. M. van Egeraat ◽  
T. A. Lie
Keyword(s):  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Rhizobium Leguminosarum ◽  
Root Surface ◽  
Extracellular Polysaccharides ◽  
Seedling Root ◽  
Seedling Roots ◽  
Rhizobium Competition ◽  
Root Surfaces

Nodulation of Pisum sativum cv. Afghanistan by Rhizobium leguminosarum strain Tom can be blocked by the nonnodulating R. leguminosarum strain PF2. This system was used to study the dynamics of rhizobial binding to seedling root surfaces. Appreciable numbers of 35S-labeled rhizobia bound to the root surface within 2 h after inoculation. PF2 colonized the root surfaces earlier and in greater numbers that did Tom. Radioactive extracellular polysaccharides and lipopolysaccharides from either organism failed to bind to the seedling roots in measurable quantities.

Competition for nodulation of Pisum sativum cv. Afghanistan requires live rhibozia and a plant component

1982 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 162-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. J. Broughton ◽  
Ursula Samrey ◽  
B. Ben Bohlool
Keyword(s):  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Gamma Irradiation ◽  
Rhizobium Leguminosarum ◽  
The Other ◽  
Plant Component ◽  
Live Bacteria ◽  
Root Surfaces

Nodulation of Pisum sativum cv. Afghanistan by Rhizobium leguminosarum strain Tom can be blocked by R. leguminosarum strain PF2 (isolated from P. sativum cv. Rondo) which does not form nodules of Afghanistan peas. We tested PF2 for its ability to produce bacteriocins and other compounds inhibitory to the growth of Tom. Neither strain was antagonistic toward the other. Similarly, there was no evidence for the production of inhibitors as the rhizobia grew in the plant rhizosphere. Apart from an already noted (Broughton et al. 1980. Can. J. Microbiol. 26: 562–565) ability of PF2 to accumulate on the root surfaces two to three times faster than Tom, we could not find a reason to explain the complete blocking of nodulation. In other experiments using PF2 (and Tom) killed by exposure to massive doses of gamma irradiation, dead cells still bound to the roots but they were incapable of blocking nodulation by living Tom. Finally, when both rhizobia were used to inoculate P. sativum cv. Rondo (they both form nodules on this plant), roughly one third of the nodules contained Tom, one third contained PF2, and one third contained both strains (i.e.,there was no evidence for competition). We conclude, therefore, that competition in this system is dependent upon live bacteria and requires cooperation from the plant.

scholarly journals Root and Shoot Response to Nickel in Hyperaccumulator and Non-Hyperaccumulator Species

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 508
Author(s):  
Stefano Rosatto ◽  
Mauro Mariotti ◽  
Sara Romeo ◽  
Enrica Roccotiello
Keyword(s):  
Plant Development ◽  
Root Surface ◽  
Metal Stress ◽  
Physiological Conditions ◽  
Thlaspi Arvense ◽  
Noccaea Caerulescens ◽  
Spiked Soil ◽  
Ecophysiological Response ◽  
Fluorescence Of Chlorophyll A ◽  
Root Surfaces

The soil–root interface is the micro-ecosystem where roots uptake metals. However, less than 10% of hyperaccumulators’ rhizosphere has been examined. The present study evaluated the root and shoot response to nickel in hyperaccumulator and non-hyperaccumulator species, through the analysis of root surface and biomass and the ecophysiological response of the related aboveground biomass. Ni-hyperaccumulators Alyssoides utriculata (L.) Medik. and Noccaea caerulescens (J. Presl and C. Presl) F.K. Mey. and non-hyperaccumulators Alyssum montanum L. and Thlaspi arvense L. were grown in pot on Ni-spiked soil (0–1000 mg Ni kg−1, total). Development of root surfaces was analysed with ImageJ; fresh and dry root biomass was determined. Photosynthetic efficiency was performed by analysing the fluorescence of chlorophyll a to estimate the plants’ physiological conditions at the end of the treatment. Hyperaccumulators did not show a Ni-dependent decrease in root surfaces and biomass (except Ni 1000 mg kg−1 for N. caerulescens). The non-hyperaccumulator A. montanum suffers metal stress which threatens plant development, while the excluder T. arvense exhibits a positive ecophysiological response to Ni. The analysis of the root system, as a component of the rhizosphere, help to clarify the response to soil nickel and plant development under metal stress for bioremediation purposes.

scholarly journals NodC-based evaluation of the occurrence of bacteria in nodules of Pisum sativum isolated on YEM agar

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-67
Author(s):  
Anna Lenart-Boroń ◽  
Tadeusz Zając ◽  
Piotr Mateusz Boroń ◽  
Agnieszka Klimek-Kopyra
Keyword(s):  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Rhizobium Leguminosarum ◽  
Reference Strain ◽  
Root Nodules ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Soil Science ◽  
Associated Bacteria ◽  
Plant Cultivation ◽  
Yeast Extract Mannitol ◽  
Diverse Community

SummaryThe bacterial nodulation (nod) genes are essential in the formation process of root nodules. This study was aimed to verify the occurrence of nodule-associated bacteria in two pea varieties (“Tarchalska” and “Klif ”) inoculated withRhizobiuminoculants – Nitragine™ and a noncommercial one produced by the Polish Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation (IUNG). The number of colonies isolated on yeast extract mannitol (YEM) agar from the nodules of “Klif ” inoculated with IUNG inoculants was significantly higher than the number of colonies isolated from other variants. Species identification was based on sequencing of 16S rDNA, which revealed that despite careful sterilization of nodules, sequences of other bacterial species were detected. Among them, one sequence belonged toRhizobium leguminosarum(isolated from IUNG inoculant). To assess the presence of nodulation-capableRhizobium, amplification of thenodCgene was performed, which revealed that of 29 samples, 19 were positive. The remaining isolates, including reference strain and bacteria isolated from Nitragine™, lacked this gene. The results show that pea nodules harbor a very diverse community of bacteria. The lack ofnodCgene in some strains isolated from plants inoculated with Nitragine™ and with IUNG inoculant proves that even ifR. leguminosarumare abundant, they may not be efficient in nodulation.

scholarly journals Radial gradient of the mitochondrial ultrastructure in Pisum sativum L. roots

2020 ◽  
pp. 78-84
Author(s):  
V.O. Brykov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Oxygen Content ◽  
Root Surface ◽  
Gradual Decrease ◽  
Cellular Respiration ◽  
Mitochondrial Ultrastructure ◽  
Terrestrial Plants ◽  
Oxygen Utilization ◽  
Radial Gradient ◽  
Pisum Sativum L

Tissue hypoxia in roots of terrestrial plants in the environment saturated with oxygen is conditioned by the high tissue density and oxygen utilization during the cellular respiration, and it is followed by a gradual decrease in the oxygen concentration from the organ surface. We used this natural model on the example of the main roots of 5-day-old seedlings of Pisum sativum L. growing under well-aerated conditions to study the ultrastructure of mitochondria in tissue with reducing oxygen content. In the direction from the root surface to the endodermis, it was found a gradual increase in the size of mitochondria due to swelling and partial fusion of the organelles. The formation of one dominant invagination led to the appearance of cup-shaped organelles in inner cortex cell layers. Such successive changes in the structure of organelles were called the radial gradient of the mitochondrial ultrastructure under a gradual decrease in the cell oxygen content. It is suggested that the described transformations in the mitochondrial ultrastructure could be an unspecific response to conditions that limit their energy and / or metabolic functions.

Selection of Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viceae strains for inoculation of Pisum sativum L. cultivars: Analysis of symbiotic efficiency and nodulation competitiveness

1995 ◽  
Vol 172 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. N. Fesenko ◽  
N. A. Provorov ◽  
Irina F. Orlova ◽  
V. P. Orlov ◽  
B. V. Simarov
Keyword(s):  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Rhizobium Leguminosarum ◽  
Symbiotic Efficiency ◽  
Pisum Sativum L ◽  
Nodulation Competitiveness ◽  
Selection Of

scholarly journals Heterologous Complementation Reveals a Specialized Activity for BacA in the Medicago–Sinorhizobium meliloti Symbiosis

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 312-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
George C. diCenzo ◽  
Maryam Zamani ◽  
Hannah N. Ludwig ◽  
Turlough M. Finan
Keyword(s):  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Sinorhizobium Meliloti ◽  
Rhizobium Leguminosarum ◽  
Root Nodules ◽  
Specific Interaction ◽  
Model System ◽  
Single Model ◽  
Leguminous Plants ◽  
Melilotus Alba ◽  
Developmental Progression

The bacterium Sinorhizobium meliloti Rm2011 forms N2-fixing root nodules on alfalfa and other leguminous plants. The pSymB chromid contains a 110-kb region (the ETR region) showing high synteny to a chromosomally located region in Sinorhizobium fredii NGR234 and related rhizobia. We recently introduced the ETR region from S. fredii NGR234 into the S. meliloti chromosome. Here, we report that, unexpectedly, the S. fredii NGR234 ETR region did not complement deletion of the S. meliloti ETR region in symbiosis with Medicago sativa. This phenotype was due to the bacA gene of NGR234 not being functionally interchangeable with the S. meliloti bacA gene during M. sativa symbiosis. Further analysis revealed that, whereas bacA genes from S. fredii or Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae 3841 failed to complement the Fix− phenotype of a S. meliloti bacA mutant with M. sativa, they allowed for further developmental progression prior to a loss of viability. In contrast, with Melilotus alba, bacA from S. fredii and R. leguminosarum supported N2 fixation by a S. meliloti bacA mutant. Additionally, the S. meliloti bacA gene can support N2 fixation of a R. leguminosarum bacA mutant during symbiosis with Pisum sativum. A phylogeny of BacA proteins illustrated that S. meliloti BacA has rapidly diverged from most rhizobia and has converged toward the sequence of pathogenic genera Brucella and Escherichia. These data suggest that the S. meliloti BacA has evolved toward a specific interaction with Medicago and highlights the limitations of using a single model system for the study of complex biological topics.

Extracellular Polysaccharides From Shaken Liquid Cultures of Zea mays

1987 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 633 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Bacic ◽  
SF Moody ◽  
JA Mccomb ◽  
JM Hinch ◽  
AE Clarke
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Extracellular Polysaccharides ◽  
Liquid Cultures ◽  
Cultured Cell ◽  
Seedling Roots ◽  
Culture Supernatants ◽  
Fucose Content

Callus initiated from root and embryo of Zea mays proliferated largely through aberrant root growth. In shaken liquid cultures (liquid cultures), the callus remained as clumps of roots but some cells were released into the medium. The extracellular polysaccharides (ECPS) from these culture supernatants are similar with respect to monosaccharide and glycosyl linkage composition to the slime secreted by roots of young Zea mays seedlings but are distinguished from ECPS produced by suspension cultured cell lines of other species by their high fucose content. Callus initiated from root and embryo therefore provides a model for studies of fucosyl-containing polysaccharides secreted by seedling roots.

Root colonization of faba bean (Vicia faba L.) and pea (Pisum sativum L.) by Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae in the presence of nitrate-nitrogen

2001 ◽  
Vol 47 (12) ◽  
pp. 1068-1074 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chantal J. Beauchamp ◽  
Joseph W. Kloepper ◽  
Joseph J. Shaw ◽  
François-P. Chalifour
Keyword(s):  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Vicia Faba ◽  
Faba Bean ◽  
Rhizobium Leguminosarum ◽  
Root Colonization ◽  
Nitrate Nitrogen

scholarly journals Study on measurement method for apple root morphological parameters based on Labview

Plant Methods ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Liu ◽  
Ji Qian ◽  
Xin Yang ◽  
Bao Di ◽  
Juan Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Relative Error ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Root Surface ◽  
Root Diameter ◽  
Root Surface Area ◽  
Root Volume ◽  
Seedling Roots

Abstract Background Traditional measurements of apple seedling roots often rely on manual measurements and existing root scanners on the market. Manual measurement requires a lot of labor and time, and subjective reasons may cause the uncertainty of data; root scanners have limited scanning size and expensive. In case of fruit roots, coverage and occlusion issues will occur, resulting in inaccurate results, but our research solved this problem. Results The background plate was selected according to the color of the seedling roots; the image of the roots of the collected apple seedlings was preprocessed with Vision Development Module by combining image and Labview. The root surface area, average root diameter, root length and root volume of apple seedlings were measured by combining root characteristic parameters algorithm. In order to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method, a set of measurement system for root morphology of apple seedlings was designed, and the measurement result was compared with the Canadian root system WinRHIZO 2016 (Canada). With application of SPSS v22.0 analysis, the significance P > 0.01 indicated that the difference was not significant. The relative error of surface area was less than 0.5%. The relative error of the average diameter and length of the root system was less than 0.1%, and the relative error of the root volume was less than 0.2%. Conclusions It not only proved that the root surface area, average root diameter, root length and root volume of apple seedlings could be accurately measured by the method described herein, which was handy in operation, but also reduced the cost by 80–90% compared with the conventional scanner.

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