Sulphur requirements for growth of Acetivibrio cellulolyticus

1982 ◽  
Vol 28 (7) ◽  
pp. 772-777 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. B. Patel ◽  
C. Breuil ◽  
B. J. Agnew
Keyword(s):  
Yeast Extract ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
The Other ◽  
Mineral Salts ◽  
Inhibition Of Growth ◽  
Defined Media ◽  
Sulphide Concentration ◽  
Inorganic Sulphate ◽  
Conventional Medium

The sulphur requirement for growth of Acetivibrio cellulolyticus was determined using a mineral salts basal medium reduced with titanium(III) citrate and supplemented with 1% (w/v) cellobiose and 0.05% (w/v) yeast extract. Inorganic sulphide (Na2S∙9H2O) in the range of 0.7–1.0 mM was found to support maximum growth whereas 8.0 mM sulphide caused complete inhibition. Of the other sulphur-containing compounds tested (cystine, sodium thioglycollate, methionine, glutathione, homocystine, S-methyl-L-cysteine, inorganic sulphate) cysteine-HCl at 10–15 mM concentration was the only one which supported maximum growth that was at least 80% of that obtained in the optimum sulphide medium. A modified medium incorporating the optimum inorganic sulphide concentration supported maximum growth that was about twice that obtained in a conventional medium reduced with cysteine-Na2S. The possible reasons for the inhibition of growth in defined media containing Na2S as the sole reducing agent and the sulphur source are discussed.

THE APPLICATION OF A NUTRITIONAL GROUPING METHOD TO SOIL FUNGI

1955 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 281-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. Atkinson ◽  
J. B. Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Growth Factors ◽  
Yeast Extract ◽  
Soil Fungi ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Potassium Nitrate ◽  
Soil Extract ◽  
Mineral Salts ◽  
Soil Extracts

In tests with seven different liquid media in which the common nitrogen source was potassium nitrate and the carbohydrate substrate was glucose, at a concentration of only 0.1%, most of the 1914 soil fungi isolated fell into one of three nutritional groups requiring, respectively, for maximum growth amino acids, amino acids plus growth factors, or yeast extract. Relatively few isolates required growth factors alone or a combination of yeast and soil extracts. Most of the isolates grew poorly in the basal medium containing only mineral salts, and glucose, with or without soil extract. Although fungi requiring yeast extract were much less frequently isolated from soil on, rather than remote from, tubers grown in a soybean green-manured plot, isolates requiring amino acids, or yeast plus soil extracts, were correspondingly increased on immature and mature tubers, respectively. In a second plot, however, not specially treated, no differences were observed in the nutritional spectra of fungi isolated from the two kinds of soil environment.

INHIBITION OF GROWTH OF PSEUDOMONAS DENITRIFICANS BY AMINO ACIDS

1966 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1095-1098 ◽  
Author(s):  
Horace J. Daniels
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Ammonium Phosphate ◽  
Complete Medium ◽  
Mineral Salts ◽  
Culture Studies ◽  
Pseudomonas Denitrificans ◽  
Inhibition Of Growth ◽  
Amino Acid Mixtures

A large number of amino acids failed to support growth of Pseudomonas denitrificans in a basal medium composed of glucose, ammonium phosphate, and other mineral salts. Inability of an amino acid to support growth correlated well with its inhibitory action in a complete medium made up by adding L-glutamic acid to the basal medium. D-Amino acids were more toxic than the corresponding L-forms, and neutral amino acids were more toxic than acidic amino acids. Basic amino acids which were least toxic supported the best growth. The danger of the indiscriminate use of amino acid mixtures for culture studies is discussed.

Nutritional Factors Affecting Growth and Production of Antimicrobial Substances by Streptococcus lactis subsp. diacetylactis S1-67/C

1983 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 514-517 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. S. REDDY ◽  
B. RANGANATHAN
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Yeast Extract ◽  
Casein Hydrolysate ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Good Growth ◽  
Mineral Salts ◽  
Nutritional Factors ◽  
Maximum Production ◽  
Antimicrobial Substances ◽  
Streptococcus Lactis

The present study pertains to the effect of nutritional factors on the growth and production of antimicrobial substances (AS) by Streptococcus lactis subsp. diacetylactis S1-67/C. Among nine media tested, yeast extract dextrose broth supported good growth and maximum production of AS. Addition of beef extract and yeast extract at 1.0 and 0.6% levels, respectively, increased growth as well as production of AS. Of ten carbohydrates examined, maximum production of AS was achieved with 1% glucose followed by fructose, 4% molasses, lactose, sucrose, galactose, mannitol, maltose and 2% molasses. Xylose inhibited production of AS, although it stimulated growth of the organism. Peptone, tryptone and tryptose (each at the 1.5% level) significantly stimulated production of AS. Other nitrogen sources, including soytone, casein hydrolysate and proteose peptone, retarded production of inhibitory substances. Among the amino acids, L-leucine, DL-methionine and L-glutamic acid were most essential for growth and production of AS, whereas L-lysine, L-proline, DL-serine, DL-asparatic acid, L-arginine-HCl and DL-tryptophan were stimulatory. Other amino acids such as DL-ornithine, L-cysteine-HCl and DL-citrulline slightly stimulated AS production. In the presence of cynocobalmin, niacin, folic acid, calcium pantothenate and riboflavin, S. lactis subsp. diacetylactis S1-67/C produced maximum amounts of inhibitory substances. Omission of individual mineral salts from the basal medium did not affect production of AS by the organism.

SOME MORPHOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF A SOIL BACTERIUM WHICH DECOMPOSES 2,4-DICHLOROPHENOXYACETIC ACID

1957 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 821-840 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. R. Bell
Keyword(s):  
Yeast Extract ◽  
Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Cell Multiplication ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Phenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Resting Cells ◽  
Mineral Salts ◽  
Chlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid

A new Achromobacter species which decomposed 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), apparently to small molecules, was isolated from a soil treated with successive closes of the herbicide. The organism grew poorly or not at all on common laboratory media in the presence or absence of 2,4-D. Investigation of its carbon, nitrogen, mineral, and vitamin requirements in agar containing 2,4-D showed that the best growth stimulants were the dicarboxylic acids of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, bicarbonate, formate, urea, and L-histidine. Calcium or magnesium and probably iron were required for maximum growth. Some aryloxy acids, phenolic compounds, and an ester were tested for their ability to replace 2,4-D as growth substrate or to inhibit growth in the presence of 2, 4-D, and it was found that the ethyl ester of 2,4-D and chlorophenolic substances were most toxic. Only 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid (MCPA) and less readily, 4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid, phenoxyacetic acid, and resorcinol could substitute for 2,4-D. Good cell multiplication and herbicide decomposition were obtained in an aerated mineral salts medium containing 2,4-D, yeast extract, and 0.005 ML-malic acid. Maximum growth (ca. 109cells/ml.) occurred in 4 to 5 days and 2,4-D decomposition was essentially complete in 6 to 7 days. Resting cells were able to oxidize 2,4-D, MCPA, 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-T), and 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) and to release 94% of the 2,4-D chlorine as chloride. High concentrations of yeast extract caused growing cells to accumulate 2,4-DCP.

ROLE OF THE THYROID GLAND IN DEVELOPMENT AND MAINTENANCE OF RENAL HYPERTENSION IN RATS

1960 ◽  
Vol XXXIV (III) ◽  
pp. 411-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melvin J. Fregly ◽  
Kenneth M. Cook
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Rate Increase ◽  
Renal Hypertension ◽  
The Other ◽  
Elevated Blood Pressure ◽  
Unit Weight ◽  
Elevated Blood ◽  
Inhibition Of Growth ◽  
Testicular Size

ABSTRACT The anti-thyroid drugs, thiouracil, propylthiouracil, and methimazole, prevented both development of elevated blood pressure and cardiac hypertrophy usually accompanying kidney encapsulation with latex envelopes. These drugs also reduced elevated blood pressure of rats with hypertension of 13 to 40 weeks' duration prior to drug administration. Addition of desiccated thyroid powder to diet containing an anti-thyroid drug overcame the anti-hypertensive effect of the latter. Withdrawal of thyroid powder only was followed by return of blood pressure to previous low level within 3 weeks. The results suggest that the anti-hypertensive effect of these drugs is related directly to the hypothyroidism produced rather than to extrathyroidal effects of the drugs. Comparison of potencies of the 3 drugs in terms of anti-hypertensive effect, inhibition of growth rate, increase in testicular size, and increase in thyroid size suggests that propylthiouracil and methimazole are equally potent per unit weight of drug. Thiouracil has approximately half the potency of the other two.

scholarly journals Possibilities of the Development of Edible Insect-Based Foods in Europe

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 766
Author(s):  
Magdalena Skotnicka ◽  
Kaja Karwowska ◽  
Filip Kłobukowski ◽  
Aleksandra Borkowska ◽  
Magdalena Pieszko
Keyword(s):  
Material Processing ◽  
Functional Food ◽  
The Other ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Edible Insects ◽  
Mineral Salts ◽  
Edible Insect ◽  
Alternative Protein ◽  
The World ◽  
The One

All over the world, a large proportion of the population consume insects as part of their diet. In Western countries, however, the consumption of insects is perceived as a negative phenomenon. The consumption of insects worldwide can be considered in two ways: on the one hand, as a source of protein in countries affected by hunger, while, on the other, as an alternative protein in highly-developed regions, in response to the need for implementing policies of sustainable development. This review focused on both the regulations concerning the production and marketing of insects in Europe and the characteristics of edible insects that are most likely to establish a presence on the European market. The paper indicates numerous advantages of the consumption of insects, not only as a valuable source of protein but also as a raw material rich in valuable fatty acids, vitamins, and mineral salts. Attention was paid to the functional properties of proteins derived from insects, and to the possibility for using them in the production of functional food. The study also addresses the hazards which undoubtedly contribute to the mistrust and lowered acceptance of European consumers and points to the potential gaps in the knowledge concerning the breeding conditions, raw material processing and health safety. This set of analyzed data allows us to look optimistically at the possibilities for the development of edible insect-based foods, particularly in Europe.

OBSERVATIONS ON AMYLOLYTIC BACTERIA: III. CULTURAL CONDITIONS INFLUENCING THE BREAKDOWN OF STARCH BY STENOTHERMOPHILIC BACTERIA BELONGING TO BACILLUS STEAROTHERMOPHILUS

1952 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 360-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Egon Stark ◽  
P. A. Tetrault
Keyword(s):  
Yeast Extract ◽  
Bacillus Stearothermophilus ◽  
Soluble Starch ◽  
The Other ◽  
Ph Changes ◽  
Proteose Peptone ◽  
Cultural Conditions ◽  
Initial Ph ◽  
Commercial Medium ◽  
Agar Media

Thirty-five cultures of Bacillus stearothermophilus hydrolyzed five starches under various cultural conditions. Hydrolysis occurred regardless of the type, brand, or batch of starch; regardless of the initial pH or of the subsequent pH changes of the medium. Starch in broth was better attacked than in agar media. Some cultures hydrolyzed 0.5%, but not 1% starch; others hydrolyzed easily 10% soluble starch. Length of incubation was important. Certain cultures never formed acid or sugar from starch. Dextrinization was a more reliable indication of starch hydrolysis than was the formation of acid or sugar. Soluble starch gave more consistent results in repeated experiments than did nonsoluble starches. The type of protein medium determines strongly the formation of amylase. Trypticase was the best commercial medium, yeast extract came second. The other 10 media yielded fewer amylolytic cultures. Yeast extract added to media enhanced amylase formation, except with trypticase. Tryptose, proteose-peptone, and neopeptone inhibited the growth of most cultures.

scholarly journals Composition of Pseudomonas aeruginosa slime

1969 ◽  
Vol 112 (4) ◽  
pp. 521-525 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. W. Brown ◽  
J. H. Scott Foster ◽  
J. R. Clamp
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Hyaluronic Acid ◽  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Growth Medium ◽  
Extraction Procedure ◽  
The Other ◽  
Minor Components ◽  
Polysaccharide Fraction ◽  
Defined Media ◽  
Rna And Dna

1. The slime produced by eight strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa on a number of different media was demonstrated to be qualitatively the same. Small quantitative differences may be occasioned by differences in the extraction procedure, the growth medium or the strain of organism used. 2. The slime was shown to be predominantly polysaccharide with some nucleic acid material and a small amount of protein. 3. The hydrolysed polysaccharide fraction consists mainly of glucose with smaller amounts of mannose. This accounts for some 50–60% of the total slime. In addition, there is some 5% of hyaluronic acid. The nucleic acid material represents approx. 20% of the total weight, and is composed of both RNA and DNA. 4. Minor components are protein, rhamnose and glucosamine, the protein being less than 5% of the total. 5. Hyaluronic acid is produced in greater quantities from nutrient broth than from chemically defined media, and is more firmly attached to the cells than the other components.

scholarly journals THIAMINE – INDUCED FORMATION OF THE MONOPYRROLE MOIETY OF PRODIGIOSIN

2007 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 622-627 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baghdad Science Journal
Keyword(s):  
Serratia Marcescens ◽  
Yeast Extract ◽  
Type Strain ◽  
The Other ◽  
Red Pigment ◽  
Enhanced Production ◽  
Pyrimidine Moiety ◽  
Glycerol Medium

Thiamine stimulates the production of a red pigment , which is chromatographically and spectrophotometrically identical to prodigiosin , by growing cultures of serratia marcescens mutant 9-3-3 . this mutant is blocked in the formation of 2- methyl -3- amyl pyrorol( MAP),the monopyrrole moiety of prodigiosin , but accumulates 4-methoxy-2, 2-bipyrrole -5- carboxaldehyde (MBC) and can couple this compound with( MAP) to form prodigiosin . Addition of thiamine caused production of( MAP) , and as little as 0.02 mg of thiamine / ml in peptone- glycerol medium stimulated production of measurable amounts of prodigiosin. Phosphate saltes and another type of peptone decreased the thiamine- induced formation of prodigiosin ,yeast extract and glycerol enhanced formation of this substance. Thiamine also enhanced production of prodigiosin by wiled – type Strain Nima of S. marcescens . The pyrimidine moiety of thiamine was also 10% as effective as the vitamin ; the thiazol moiety only 4% , and the two moieties together , 25% . Thiamine did not stimulate production of prodigiosin biosynthesis as strain 9-3-3 . This is not surprising since strain 9-3-3 originated as a result of two mutational events one event may involve thiamine directly , and the other may involve the biosynthesis of( MAP).

DECOMPOSITION OF CHLORO-SUBSTITUTED ALIPHATIC ACIDS BY SOIL BACTERIA

1957 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. L. Jensen
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Yeast Extract ◽  
Soil Bacteria ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Soil Extract ◽  
Taxonomic Position ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Selective Media ◽  
Aliphatic Acids

Three groups of bacteria capable of decomposing chloro-substituted aliphatic acids were isolated from soil by means of selective media. A group of Pseudomonas-like bacteria (A) decomposed monochloroacetate (and monobromoacetate) readily in media with yeast extract, peptone, or amino acids. They also decomposed α-monochloropropionate with moderate vigor, but had little effect on dichloro-acetate and -propionate, and none on trichloroacetate. A non-sporeforming bacterium of uncertain taxonomic position (B) was able to decompose trichloroacetate in media containing soil extract or vitamin B12, and also in basal medium when associated with vitamin B12-producing strains of Streptomyces. Dichloroacetate was only slightly attacked, and monochloroacetate and α-dichloropropionate not at all. A group of bacteria (C) apparently belonging to Agrobacterium decomposed α-dichloropropionate and dichloroacetate, but was less active towards α-monochloropropionate, and did not attack mono- and tri-chloroacetate. The organisms of groups B and C grew only feebly in ordinary media. The decomposition of monochloroacetate, trichloroacetate, and α-dichloropropionate in soil was accelerated by addition of cell suspensions of groups A, B, and C, respectively. The organisms seemed to be more active in the soil than in vitro.

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