Anaerobic treatment of a municipal landfill leachate

1997 ◽  
Vol 43 (10) ◽  
pp. 937-944 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Claude Frigon ◽  
Jean-Guy Bisaillon ◽  
Gilles Paquette ◽  
Réjean Beaudet
Keyword(s):  
Landfill Leachate ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Anaerobic Treatment ◽  
Cod Removal ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Oil And Grease ◽  
Municipal Landfill ◽  
Fixed Film ◽  
Film Reactor

Leachate from a municipal landfill site was treated in a laboratory using fixed-film cultures under anaerobic conditions. Serum-bottle cultures were used for optimization of the growth parameters. The reduction of the chemical oxygen demand (COD) of the leachate was faster at 29 °C compared with lower temperatures. Gradual acclimation of the microbial population to temperatures as low as 4 °C considerably increased the rate of COD removal at these temperatures. Addition of supplements to the leachate was not needed and it was not necessary to adjust the pH (5.9) for optimal COD reduction. Continuously fed reactors were also used to treat the leachate. The maximum organic loading rate of the reactor at 22 °C to obtain 85% COD removal was 2.1 kg COD∙m−3∙day−1, which corresponded to an hydraulic retention time of 1.5 days. After treatment under these conditions, the toxicity (Microtox method) of the leachate was completely eliminated and the required quality standards were met for iron, oil and grease, and phenols. The fermentative microorganisms in the biofilm of the reactor were evaluated to 4.6 × 107cells∙cm−2and identified as Streptococcus gallinarum, Clostridium glycolicum, Clostridium bifermentans or sadallii, Citrobacter amalonaticus, Bacteroides capillosus, and Eubacterium sp.Key words: anaerobic treatment, landfill, leachate, growth parameters, fixed-film reactor, microbiology.

Anaerobic treatment of landfill leachate by sulfate reduction

2000 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 239-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.G. Henry ◽  
D. Prasad
Keyword(s):  
Landfill Leachate ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Anaerobic Treatment ◽  
Cod Removal ◽  
Sulphate Reduction ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Filter Performance ◽  
Low Strength

The present study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of the sulphate-reduction pathway in the anaerobic treatment of landfill leachate. The effects of several COD/SO4 ratios (keeping COD constant) and loadings on anaerobic filter performance were studied and compared with the results from anaerobic filters which followed the methanogenic pathway. Results indicated that the treatability of leachate by sulphate reducing bacteria (SRB) was dependent upon the leachate strength. With high strength leachate (COD=15000 mg/L) from the Keele Valley Landfill, it was found that at lower COD/SO4 ratios (≤1.6) toxic conditions developed in the system that were more inhibitory to the SRB than to the methane producing bacteria (MPB). As the COD/SO4 ratio increased, methanogenesis predominated. No predominance of SRB occurred at any COD/SO4 ratio with high strength leachate. The highest COD removal achieved was about 70% of which 20% was accomplished by the SRB at a COD/SO4 ratio of 1.6 and an organic loading rate (OLR) of 4 kg COD/m3.d. With low strength leachate (COD=1500-3300 mg/L) from the Brock West Landfill, and a COD/SO4 ratio <1, SRB became predominant. In these anaerobic filters in which SRB were predominant, the SRB reduced the COD as well as the MPB could. Sulphide inhibition did not take place at any loading in units treating low strength leachate. Consequently, both SRB and MPB should function at COD/SO4 ratios between 1 and 3. About 60% COD removal was achieved at a loading of 2.8 kg COD/m3.d and a COD/SO4 ratio of 1.0. However at a loading of 6 kg COD/m3.d only 27% COD removal was achieved, all of it through the sulphate-reduction pathway. These OLR values are comparable to those applied in systems where methanogenesis was dominant. It was also observed that once the methanogens were established in the units, it was not possible to displace them completely. However, where methanogenesis had not been previously established, it was found that sulphate-reduction could be the sole pathway for COD removal. From this study, it can be concluded that there is no advantage to the sulphate-reduction pathway in the anaerobic treatment of landfill leachate. The other options for increasing the loadings, i.e. the use of high surface/volume filter media (to achieve higher biomass concentrations) or high rate systems are likely to be more successful.

Anaerobic Treatment of a Petrochemical Wastewater from a Terephthalic Acid Plant

1992 ◽  
Vol 25 (7) ◽  
pp. 223-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Macarie ◽  
A. Noyola ◽  
J. P. Guyot
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Terephthalic Acid ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Tubular Reactor ◽  
Anaerobic Treatment ◽  
Cod Removal ◽  
Acid Plant ◽  
Aerobic Process ◽  
Fixed Film ◽  
Film Reactor

Anaerobic treatment of terephthalic acid plant wastewater was tested using two UASB reactors (T and U) and a downflow tubular fixed film reactor. UASB T was inoculated with sludge sampled from an anaerobic stabilization pond receiving waste activated sludge from a petrochemical industry treatment plant. UASB U and the fixed film reactor were inoculated with anaerobically adapted activated sludge from a municipal plant. Raw effluent had to be settled and neutralized before reactor feeding. Sedimentation resulted in 70% TSS and 37% COD removal. UASB digesters presented comparable treatment efficiencies with rather low COD removals: the best results were 46.4% for UASB T at 2.6 kg COD/m3.d and a hydraulic retention time (θ) of 2.7 days and 43.9% for UASB U at 2.2 kg COD/m3.d and θ of 3.2 days. The performance of the tubular reactor was much higher, 74.5% COD removal at 1.89 kg/m3.d and θ of 3.4 days. The better efficiencies of this last digester are explained mainly by a higher VSS content and a better resistance to toxicity caused by the aromatics present in the wastewater. A primary settling-anaerobic-aerobic process is proposed as an alternative to the conventional aerobic process for treating terephthalic wastewater, but disposal of solids from primary sedimentation and cost of neutralization have to be considered before application.

Petrochemical wastewater treatment with aerated submerged fixed-film reactor (ASFFR) under high organic loading rate

1996 ◽  
Vol 34 (10) ◽  
pp. 9-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. J. Park ◽  
K. H. Lee ◽  
D. S. Kim ◽  
C. W. Kim
Keyword(s):  
Loading Rate ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Organic Loading ◽  
Petrochemical Wastewater ◽  
Organic Removal ◽  
Fixed Film ◽  
Stable Performance ◽  
Reaction Orders ◽  
Film Reactor

An aerated submerged fixed-film reactor (ASFFR) was developed to treat a petrochemical wastewater with high organic loading rate, where stationary submerged biofilms were attached to net-type media (SARAN 1000D) under diffused aeration. The specific surface area of SARAN 1000D was 400 m2/m3 approximately. The organic removal ability of the reactor was tested in three lab-scale ASFFRs. The reactor demonstrated 91.8-96.6% removal efficiencies of soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD) and exhibited efficient and stable performance at organic loadings of 1.02-6.21 kg COD/m3 day. When the media packing ratio increased the COD removal efficiency increased, while the effluent COD and SS concentrations were stable. The organic removal rates were dependent on the effluent SCOD concentration and the reaction orders were the same as or lower than 0.5. Based on the experimental results, the ASFFR should be very suitable for treating petrochemical wastewater with relatively high organic loading rate.

scholarly journals Psychrophilic anaerobic treatment of low strength wastewaters

1999 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 203-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salih Rebac ◽  
Jules B. van Lier ◽  
Piet Lens ◽  
Alfons J. M. Stams ◽  
Freddy Dekkers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Granular Sludge ◽  
Anaerobic Treatment ◽  
Cod Removal ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Substrate Conversion ◽  
Low Strength

Psychrophilic (2 to 20°C) anaerobic treatment of low strength synthetic and malting wastewater was investigated using a single and two module expanded granular sludge bed (EGSB) reactor system. The chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiencies found in the experiments exceeded 90 % in the single module reactor at an organic loading rate up to 12 g COD dm−3 day−1 and a HRT of 1.6 h at 10-12°C ambient temperature using influent concentrations ranging from 500 to 800 mg COD dm−3. When a two module EGSB system was used at the temperature range 10-15°C, soluble COD removal and volatile fatty acids removal of 67-78% and 90-96% were achieved, respectively, and an OLR between 2.8-12.3 kg COD m−3 day−1 and a HRT of 3.5 h. The second module serves mainly as a scavenger of non-degraded volatile fatty acids (VFA) from the first module. The optimal temperatures for substrate conversion of reactor sludge, after it has been exposed to long term psychrophilic conditions, were similar to those of the original mesophilic inoculum. The specific activities of the sludge in the reactor increased in time by a factor 3, indicating enrichment of methanogens and acetogens even at low temperatures. By adapting the process design to the expected prevailing conditions inside the reactor, the loading potentials and overall stability of the anaerobic high-rate process may be distinctly improved under psychrophilic conditions. The results obtained clearly reveal the big potentials of anaerobic wastewater treatment under low ambient (10-12°C) temperature conditions for low strength wastewaters, very likely including domestic sewage.

Anaerobic Treatment of Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) Wastewater from Lab to Full Scale

1999 ◽  
Vol 40 (8) ◽  
pp. 229-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Fdz-Polanco ◽  
M. D. Hidalgo ◽  
M. Fdz-Polanco ◽  
P. A. García Encina
Keyword(s):  
Polyethylene Terephthalate ◽  
Loading Rate ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Textile Wastewater ◽  
Anaerobic Treatment ◽  
Cod Removal ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Foam Formation ◽  
Organic Loading ◽  
Start Up

In the last decade Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) production is growing. The wastewater of the “Catalana de Polimers” factory in Barcelona (Spain) has two main streams of similar flow rate, esterification (COD=30,000 mg/l) and textile (COD=4000 mg/l). In order to assess the anaerobic treatment viability, discontinuous and continuous experiments were carried out. Discontinuous biodegradability tests indicated that anaerobic biodegradability was 90 and 75% for esterification and textile wastewater. The textile stream revealed some tendency to foam formation and inhibitory effects. Nutrients, micronutrients and alkali limitations and dosage were determined. A continuous lab-scale UASB reactor was able to treat a mixture of 50% (v) esterification/textile wastewater with stable behaviour at organic loading rate larger than 12 g COD/l.d (0.3 g COD/g VSS.d) with COD removal efficiency greater than 90%. The start-up period was very short and the recuperation after overloading accidents was quite fast, in spite of the wash-out of solids. From the laboratory information an industrial treatment plant was designed and built, during the start-up period COD removal efficiencies larger than 90% and organic loading rate of 0.6 kg COD/kg VSS.d (5 kg COD/m3.d) have been reached.

Phosphate requirement for anaerobic fixed film treatment of landfill leachate

1988 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 334-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dhandapani Thirumurthi ◽  
Glenn Robert Groskopf
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Treatment ◽  
Organic Phosphate ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Laboratory Model ◽  
P Value ◽  
Leachate Treatment ◽  
Condensed Phosphate ◽  
A Value ◽  
Fixed Film ◽  
Film Reactor

Three laboratory model anaerobic fixed film reactors, AFFR-A, B, and C, fed by a pretreated leachate, were monitored at 35 ± 5 °C for 10 months to estimate the effects of different concentrations and the forms of phosphate (ortho, organic, or condensed) on performances at 1.2–1.8 g COD/(d∙L) of reactor volume. Ortho phosphate (Na3PO4) supplement was added to the feed of AFFR-A, organic phosphate (sodium glycerophosphate: C3H7Na2O6P∙5H2O) to AFFR-B, and condensed phosphate (Na4P2O7) to AFFR-C at a feed COD/P value of about 6100 for 23 weeks (Phase I). When no PO4 deficiency was observed, the value was increased to 7700 in reactors A and B, but the PO4 supplement was terminated for reactor C, resulting in a value of 64 300 (Phase II). The average COD of C effluent was 599 mg/L as compared to 451 and 442 mg/L for reactors A and B, respectively, suggesting that a COD/P of 64 300 was too high. During Phase III, the COD/P ratios were changed in reactors A, B, and C, respectively, to 10 200, 15 200, and 34 300. The results indicate that the "optimal" ratio of COD/P lies perhaps between 15 000 and 34 300. Anaerobes did not prefer any one form of PO4 over the other two. Key words: anaerobic treatment, phosphate requirement, ortho phosphate, condensed phosphate, organic phosphate, leachate treatment, fixed film reactor.

scholarly journals Treatment of poultry slaughterhouse wastewater using a static granular bed reactor (SGBR) coupled with ultrafiltration (UF) membrane system

2017 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Basitere ◽  
Z. Rinquest ◽  
M. Njoya ◽  
M. S. Sheldon ◽  
S. K. O. Ntwampe
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Membrane System ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Granular Bed ◽  
Oil And Grease ◽  
Slaughterhouse Wastewater ◽  
Static Granular Bed Reactor

The South African poultry industry has grown exponentially in recent years due to an increased demand for their products. As a result, poultry plants consume large volumes of high quality water to ensure that hygienically safe poultry products are produced. Furthermore, poultry industries generate high strength wastewater, which can be treated successfully at low cost using anaerobic digesters. In this study, the performance of a bench-scale mesophilic static granular bed reactor (SGBR) containing fully anaerobic granules coupled with an ultrafiltration (UF) membrane system, as a post-treatment system, was investigated. The poultry slaughterhouse wastewater was characterized by a chemical oxygen demand (COD) range between 1,223 and 9,695mg/L, average biological oxygen demand of 2,375mg/L and average fats, oil and grease (FOG) of 554mg/L. The SGBR anaerobic reactor was operated for 9 weeks at different hydraulic retention times (HRTs), i.e. 55 and 40 h, with an average organic loading rate (OLR) of 1.01 and 3.14g COD/L.day. The SGBR results showed an average COD, total suspended solids (TSS) and FOG removal of 93%, 95% and 90% respectively, for both OLR. The UF post-treatment results showed an average of COD, TSS and FOG removal of 64%, 88% and 48%, respectively. The overall COD, TSS and FOG removal of the system (SGBR and UF membrane) was 98%, 99.8%, and 92.4%, respectively. The results of the combined SGBR reactor coupled with the UF membrane showed a potential to ensure environmentally friendly treatment of poultry slaughterhouse wastewater.

Performance of an expanded granular sludge bed (EGSB) reactor coupled with anoxic and aerobic bioreactors for treating poultry slaughterhouse wastewater

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Basitere ◽  
Y. Williams ◽  
M. S. Sheldon ◽  
S. K. O. Ntwampe ◽  
D. De Jager ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Granular Sludge ◽  
Cod Removal ◽  
Oil And Grease ◽  
Dissolved Air Flotation ◽  
Slaughterhouse Wastewater ◽  
Anaerobic Reactor ◽  
Aerobic Bioreactors

Generally, slaughterhouses have the largest consumption of fresh water and thus generate large quantities of high strength wastewater, which can be treated successfully using low cost biological treatment processes. In this study, the feasibility of using an expanded granular sludge bed (EGSB) anaerobic reactor coupled with anoxic and aerobic bioreactors for the treatment of poultry slaughterhouse wastewater was investigated. The poultry slaughterhouse was characterized by high chemical oxygen demand (COD), 2 to 6 g/L, with average biological oxygen demand of 2.4 g/L and average fats, oil and grease (FOG) being 0.55 g/L. A continuous EGSB anaerobic reactor was operated for 26 days at different hydraulic retention times (HRT), i.e. 7, 4, 3 days, and organic loading rates (OLR) of 0.5, 0.7 and 1.0 g COD/L.day, respectively, to assess the bioremediation of the poultry slaughterhouse wastewater. The average COD removal from the EGSB was 40%, 57% and 55% at the different OLR and HRT assessed. At high OLR of 1.0 g COD/L.day, the overall COD removal from the system (EGSB-anoxic/aerobic) averaged 65%. The system experienced periodical sludge washout during high FOG and suspended solids loading. It was concluded that the EGSB system requires a dissolved air flotation system, for FOG/suspended solid reduction, as the performance of the overall system was observed to deteriorate over time due to the presence of a high quantity of FOG including suspended solids.

Application of cigarette filter rods as biofilm carrier in an integrated fixed-film activated sludge reactor

2013 ◽  
Vol 67 (8) ◽  
pp. 1793-1801 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Sabzali ◽  
Mahnaz Nikaeen ◽  
Bijan Bina
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Loading Rate ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Organic Loading ◽  
Cigarette Filter ◽  
Biofilm Reactors ◽  
Biofilm Carrier ◽  
Fixed Film ◽  
Activated Sludge Reactor

Bio-carriers are an important component of integrated fixed-film activated sludge (IFAS) processes. In this study, the capability of cigarette filter rods (CFRs) as a bio-carrier in IFAS processes was evaluated. Two similar laboratory-scale IFAS systems were operated over a 4-month period using Kaldnes-K3 and CFRs as IFAS media. The process performance was studied by using chemical oxygen demand (COD). The organic loading rate was in the range 0.5–2.8 kgCOD/(m3·d). The COD average removal efficiencies were 89.3 and 93.9% for Kaldnes-K3 (reactor A) and cigarette filters (reactor B), respectively. The results demonstrate that the performance of the IFAS reactor containing CFRs was comparable to the reactor using Kaldnes. The CFRs, which have a high porous surface area and entrapment ability for microbial cells, could be successfully used in biofilm reactors as a bio-carrier.

Anaerobic treatment of sulfate-containing municipal wastewater with a fluidized bed reactor at 20 °C

2016 ◽  
Vol 73 (10) ◽  
pp. 2446-2452 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Düppenbecker ◽  
P. Cornel
Keyword(s):  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Fluidized Bed Reactor ◽  
Anaerobic Treatment ◽  
Cod Removal ◽  
Sulfate Reducing ◽  
Mass Flows ◽  
Reducing Bacteria

This study focuses on the anaerobic treatment of sulfate-containing municipal wastewater at 20 °C with a fluidized bed reactor. Mean influent chemical oxygen demand (COD) and sulfate concentrations were 481 and 96 mg/l. The response of the COD removal efficiency to increasing organic loading rates (OLR) was investigated. Average total COD removal was 61% at OLR between 2.7 and 13.7 kg COD/(m³·d) and did not distinctly depend on the OLR. To assess the removal efficiency in more detail the COD in- and output mass flows were balanced. The results showed that only 11–12% of the input COD was recovered as gaseous methane. About 12–13% of the input COD remained in the effluent as dissolved methane. Furthermore, a distinct amount of 12–19% of the input COD remained in the reactor as settled sludge and was not further biologically degraded. Due to the reduction by sulfate-reducing bacteria, 13–14% of the input COD was degraded. Further adverse impacts of the influent sulfate on the anaerobic treatment process are discussed as well.

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