ZONE ELECTROPHORESIS OF THE PROTEINS OF THE FOWL'S SERUM AND EGG YOLK

In addition to the six protein fractions distinguishable in sera from cocks or sexually immature pullets by zone electrophoresis in aqueous veronal, two lipoprotein zones have now been distinguished in sera from laying hens or estrogenized pullets by this same technique. Phosvitin has been detected in serum of estrogenized hens by zone electrophoresis of a saline solution of crude serum lipovitellin obtained from the serum. Six protein zones have been distinguished in similar electropherograms of egg yolk. The six protein zones have been identified provisionally, and in order of decreasing mobility under the conditions used, as phosvitin, α-livetin, β-livetin, γ-livetin, lipoprotein P-1 (possibly a lipovitellenin complex), and lipoprotein P-2 (possibly a lipovitellin complex). Evidence is submitted that the foregoing two major lipoprotein zones from egg yolk are closely similar to, or identical with, the two lipoprotein zones from sera of laying hens or estrogenized pullets. The status of a seventh minor protein zone in electropherograms of yolk protein is uncertain.

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Fresh and Frozen Egg Yolk Protein Fractions: Emulsion Stabilizing Power, Viscosity, and Electrophoretic Patterns

Poultry Science ◽

10.3382/ps.0480251 ◽

1969 ◽

Vol 48 (1) ◽

pp. 251-260 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Elizabeth M. Davey ◽

Mary E. Zabik ◽

Lawrence E. Dawson

Keyword(s):

Egg Yolk ◽

Yolk Protein ◽

Protein Fractions ◽

Electrophoretic Patterns

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PSVIII-2 Antibody yield for polyclonal egg yolk antibody (IgY) production in laying hens

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skaa278.455 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽

pp. 252-253

Author(s):

Cherrie Nolden ◽

Abbey Grisham ◽

Dan Schaefer ◽

Matt Akins ◽

Mark Cook

Keyword(s):

Repeated Measures ◽

Laying Hens ◽

Egg Yolk ◽

Interleukin 10 ◽

Cpg Odn ◽

Slow Decline ◽

Egg Yolks ◽

Egg Yolk Antibody ◽

To Receive ◽

Phosphate Buffered Saline

Abstract Antibody production in egg yolks of immunized laying hens is an alternative to conventional mammalian production. Antibody yield peak and duration have not been described for immunoglobulin Y technology using Freund’s incomplete adjuvant (FIA) and C-phosphate-guanosine oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG-ODN) without the inclusion of Freund’s complete adjuvant for enhancing the immune response to an interleukin-10 (IL-10) peptide. This study sought to describe the antibody titer production for an 8 amino acid sequence from the surface of the bovine IL-10 protein (VMPQAENG) as the antigen emulsified with CpG-ODN and FIA in phosphate buffered saline (PBS). 60 hens were assigned to receive the complete vaccine (Peptide), 20 received the vaccine without the IL-10 peptide (Control), and 8 received a PBS injection (Blank). Hens were immunized with 0.25 mL in 4 locations, each breast and each thigh on days 1, 15 and 29. The complete vaccine delivered 0.6 mg IL-10 peptide, 8 µg CpG-ODN, and 0.33 mL FIA per hen on each vaccination day. Eggs were collected regularly until 175 days after the first immunization and the anti IL-10 peptide activities of the yolk were determined by ELISA. Egg titers by treatment were analyzed with a repeated measures ANOVA in SAS. The supplementation of FIA with CpG-ODN produced high titers, of over 100 µg of antibody per mL of yolk (µg Ab/mL yolk), around day 33 through day 76, with a slow decline through day 175 when average titers remained above 40 µg Ab/mL yolk. Peptide egg titers were significantly higher than Blank or Control titers from day 31 though day 175 (P < 0.0001). Titers recovered from Marcq et al. (2015) with similar methods were 1.5 to 7 times lower than these results over the same number of days.

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Use of achiote (Bixa orellana L.) seed powder as pigment of the egg yolk of laying hens

The Journal of Applied Poultry Research ◽

10.1016/j.japr.2021.100154 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 100154

Author(s):

Y. Martínez ◽

C.E. Orozco ◽

R.M. Montellano ◽

M. Valdivié ◽

C.A. Parrado

Keyword(s):

Laying Hens ◽

Egg Yolk ◽

Bixa Orellana

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Arthrospira Platensis (Spirulina) Supplementation on Laying Hens’ Performance: Eggs Physical, Chemical, and Sensorial Qualities

Foods ◽

10.3390/foods8090386 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (9) ◽

pp. 386 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Omri ◽

Amraoui ◽

Tarek ◽

Lucarini ◽

Durazzo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Laying Hens ◽

Control Diet ◽

Dietary Supplementation ◽

Basal Diet ◽

Egg Yolk ◽

Arthrospira Platensis ◽

Cholesterol Concentration ◽

Physical Chemical ◽

Egg Yolks ◽

The Impact

The present study evaluated the effects of dietary supplementation of spirulina on laying hens’ performances: Eggs’ physical, chemical, and sensorial qualities. A total of 45 Lohman White hens, 44 weeks of age, were randomized into 3 groups of 15 birds. Hens were given 120 g/d of a basal diet containing 0% (control), 1.5%, and 2.5% of spirulina for 6 weeks. Albumen height and consequently Haugh unit were significantly affected by dietary supplementation of spirulina (p < 0.05) and by weeks on diet (p < 0.05). This supplement did not affect (p > 0.05) egg yolk weight or height. However, spirulina increased egg yolk redness (a*) from 1.33 (C) to 12.67 (D1) and 16.19 (D2) and reduced (p < 0.05) the yellowness (b*) parameter from 62.1(C) to 58.17 (D1) and 55.87 (D2). Egg yolks from hens fed spirulina were darker, more red, and less yellow in color than egg yolks from hens fed the control-diet (p < 0.0001). However, spirulina did not affect (p > 0.05) egg yolks’ total cholesterol concentration. In conclusion, a significant enhancement of egg yolk color was found in response to spirulina supplementation. Further investigations are needed to evaluate the impact of spirulina on egg yolks’ fatty acids profile.

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Organic minerals for broilers and laying hens: reviewing the status of research so far

World s Poultry Science Journal ◽

10.1017/s004393390900035x ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 65 (3) ◽

pp. 493-498 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

J. Pierce ◽

T. Ao ◽

P. Charlton ◽

L.A. Tucker

Keyword(s):

Laying Hens ◽

The Status ◽

Organic Minerals

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Serum Protein Zone Electrophoresis—An Outmoded Test?

Annals of Clinical Biochemistry International Journal of Laboratory Medicine ◽

10.1177/000456328702400202 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 24 (2) ◽

pp. 133-139 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

J T Whicher ◽

C E Spence

Keyword(s):

Serum Protein ◽

Plasma Protein ◽

Predictive Value ◽

Laboratory Studies ◽

Zone Electrophoresis ◽

Protein Zone ◽

Protein Measurement

The predictive value of plasma protein changes in disease is very largely unknown, as relevant clinical and laboratory studies are lacking. The usefulness of zone electrophoresis as a method of detecting a constellation of plasma protein changes is even less clear. With the advent of precise automated techniques for specific plasma protein measurement, zone electrophoresis has little to offer except in the identification and quantitation of paraproteins, where it is essential.

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Effects of Different Levels of Dehydrated Alfalfa Meal in Practical Rations of Laying Hens on the Pigmentation of Egg Yolk, Their Influence in the Utilization of Red Xanthophylls (Capsantin and Capsorrubin)

Poultry Science ◽

10.3382/ps.0470376 ◽

1968 ◽

Vol 47 (2) ◽

pp. 376-383 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

F. Tortuero

Keyword(s):

Laying Hens ◽

Egg Yolk ◽

Alfalfa Meal ◽

Different Levels

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VIEWPOINT. An hypothesis to explain the linkage between kakapo (Strigops habroptilus) breeding and the mast fruiting of their food trees

Wildlife Research ◽

10.1071/wr07148 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 35 (1) ◽

pp. 1 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Andrew E. Fidler ◽

Stephen B. Lawrence ◽

Kenneth P. McNatty

Keyword(s):

Egg Yolk ◽

Ovarian Follicles ◽

Yolk Protein ◽

Egg Laying ◽

Food Plants ◽

Mast Seeding ◽

Future Research ◽

Yolk Protein Genes ◽

Hypothetical Mechanism ◽

Future Research Directions

An important goal in the intensive conservation management of New Zealand’s critically endangered nocturnal parrot, kakapo (Strigops habroptilus), is to increase the frequency of breeding attempts. Kakapo breeding does not occur annually but rather correlates with 3–5-year cycles in ‘mast’ seeding/fruiting of kakapo food plants, most notably podocarps such as rimu (Dacrydium cupressinum). Here we advance a hypothetical mechanism for the linking of kakapo breeding with such ‘mast’ seeding/fruiting. The essence of the hypothesis is that exposure to low levels of dietary phytochemicals may, in combination with hepatic gene ‘memory’, sensitise egg yolk protein genes, expressed in female kakapo livers, to oestrogens derived from developing ovarian follicles. Only in those years when the egg yolk protein genes have been sufficiently ‘pre-sensitised’ by dietary chemicals do kakapo ovarian follicles develop to ovulation and egg-laying occurs. While speculative, this hypothesis is both physiologically and evolutionarily plausible and suggests both future research directions and relatively simple interventions that may afford conservation workers some influence over kakapo breeding frequency.

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