Atomic state interference with fast hydrogen-like helium

2004 ◽  
Vol 82 (11) ◽  
pp. 943-955
Author(s):  
V G Pal'chikov ◽  
V P Yakovlev ◽  
Yu L Sokolov
Keyword(s):  
Interference Pattern ◽  
Electric Fields ◽  
Lamb Shift ◽  
Precise Measurement ◽  
Atomic State ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Helium Ions ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
State Interference ◽  
Static Electric Fields

We study the stationary interference of the 2S1/2 or 2P1/2 states due to the passage of metastable hydrogen-like helium ions 4He+ through static electric fields. The basic theory of atomic state interference is presented and experimental conditions allowing observation of the interference pattern with a beam of 4He+ ions are analyzed. We show that optimal conditions are within the reach of modern day experimental techniques. We present theoretical interference curves for two types of atomic interferometers and discuss in detail approaches for the precise measurement of the Lamb shift δn=2 = 2S1/2 – 2P1/2 in 4He+. PACS Nos.: 31.30.Jv, 32.70.Fw, 39.10.+j, 39.20.+q

A Simple Method for Estimation of Lipoxygenase and Cyclo-Oxygenase Pathways in Human Platelets - the Use of Thiobarbituric Acid Reaction

1980 ◽  
Vol 44 (02) ◽  
pp. 111-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Takayama ◽  
Minoru Okuma ◽  
Haruto Uchino
Keyword(s):  
Time Course ◽  
Normal Values ◽  
Human Platelet ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Human Platelets ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Acid Reaction ◽  
Optimal Ph

SummaryTo develop a simple method for estimation of platelet lipoxygenase (PLO) and cyclo-oxygenase (PCO) pathways, the arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism of human platelet was investigated under various experimental conditions by the use of the thiobarbituric acid (TBA) reaction and a radioisotope technique. A TBA-reactive substance different from malondialdehyde (MDA) via PCO pathway was detected and shown to be derived from the PLO pathway. Since the optimal pH and time course of its formation were different from those of MDA formation via PCO pathway, PLO and PCO pathways were estimated by quantitating the TBA-reactive substances produced by the incubation of AA either with aspirin-treated platelets or with untreated ones, respectively, each under optimal conditions. Normal values expressed in terms of nmol MDA/108 platelets were 1.17±0.34 (M±SD, n = 31) and 0.79±0.15 (n = 31) for PLO and PCO pathways, respectively.

scholarly journals Functionalized Silicon Electrodes Toward Electrostatic Catalysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Long Zhang ◽  
Xiaohua Yang ◽  
Shun Li ◽  
JianMing Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Electric Fields ◽  
Silicon Surfaces ◽  
Double Layers ◽  
External Electric Fields ◽  
Space Charges ◽  
Surface Models ◽  
Solid Liquid ◽  
Static Electric Fields ◽  
Mediator Catalysis

Oriented external electric fields are now emerging as “smart effectors” of chemical changes. The key challenges in experimentally studying electrostatic catalysis are (i) controlling the orientation of fields along the reaction axis and (ii) finely adjusting the magnitudes of electrostatic stimuli. Surface models provide a versatile platform for addressing the direction of electric fields with respect to reactants and balancing the trade-off between the solubility of charged species and the intensity of electric fields. In this mini-review, we present the recent advances that have been investigated of the electrostatic effect on the chemical reaction on the monolayer-functionalized silicon surfaces. We mainly focus on elucidating the mediator/catalysis role of static electric fields induced from either solid/liquid electric double layers at electrode/electrolyte interfaces or space charges in the semiconductors, indicating the electrostatic aspects is of great significance in the semiconductor electrochemistry, redox electroactivity, and chemical bonding. Herein, the functionalization of silicon surfaces allows scientists to explore electrostatic catalysis from nanoscale to mesoscale; most importantly, it provides glimpses of the wide-ranging potentials of oriented electric fields for switching on/off the macroscale synthetic organic electrochemistry and living radical polymerization.

scholarly journals Research on Key Technology of Electrochemical Sterilization and Physical Application for Circulating Cooling Water

2021 ◽  
Vol 2083 (2) ◽  
pp. 022068
Author(s):  
Xiaohui Wang ◽  
Chunyan Song ◽  
Xueying Xie ◽  
Nan Zhang ◽  
Ruiqing Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electric Fields ◽  
Electrode Materials ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Cooling Water ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Electrode Spacing ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Circulating Cooling Water

Abstract As a high-efficiency, low-cost, convenient and environmentally friendly sterilization technology, electrochemical disinfection has developed rapidly in recent years. Electrochemical sterilization is an environmentally friendly sterilization technology. The research progress of this technology in the recent 30 years in sterilization mechanism and electrode materials is summarized. The mechanism of electrochemical sterilization includes the chemical effects of active chlorine, active intermediates, copper or silver ions, and the physical effects of electric fields; the electrode materials used are titanium anode, carbon cathode, and anode. The article combined with electrochemical equipment in a thermal power plant cold open circulating cooling water treatment experiment. Experimental research found that under the conditions of current density of 120A/m2, residence time of 10s, and electrode spacing of 1.8cm, the bactericidal effect can reach 97%. Under certain experimental conditions and a certain period of time, the total number of heterogeneous bacteria in the circulating cooling water after treatment can be effectively inhibited.

Theory of the Lamb shift in muonic helium ions

2015 ◽  
Vol 120 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. Krutov ◽  
A. P. Martynenko ◽  
G. A. Martynenko ◽  
R. N. Faustov
Keyword(s):  
Lamb Shift ◽  
Helium Ions

Generation of Short-scale Electrostatic Fields in the Solar Atmosphere and the Role of Helium Ions

2021 ◽  
Vol 922 (1) ◽  
pp. 48
Author(s):  
H. Saleem ◽  
Shaukat Ali Shan ◽  
A. Rehman
Keyword(s):  
Shear Flow ◽  
Transition Region ◽  
Electric Fields ◽  
Hydrogen Plasma ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Inhomogeneous Field ◽  
Helium Ions ◽  
Low Frequencies ◽  
Short Scale

Abstract Theoretical models are presented to show that expansion of plasma in the radial direction from a denser solar surface to a rarefied upper atmosphere with short-scale inhomogeneous field-aligned flows and currents in the form of thin threads itself is an important source of electrostatic instabilities. Multifluid theory shows that the shear flow–driven purely growing electric fields appear in the transition region. On the other hand, plasma kinetic theory predicts that the short-scale current sheets (or filaments) produce current-driven electrostatic ion acoustic (CDEIA) waves in the hydrogen plasma of the transition region that damp out in the system through wave–particle interactions and increase the temperature. Similar processes take place in the solar corona and act positively for increasing the temperature further and maintaining it. The shear flow–driven instabilities and CDEIA waves have short perpendicular wavelengths of the order of 1 m and low frequencies of the order of 1 or several Hz when the ions’ shear flow scale length is considered to be of the order of 1 km. It is pointed out that the purely growing fluid instabilities turn into oscillatory instabilities and the growth rates of kinetic CDEIA wave instabilities are reduced when the dynamics of 10% helium ions is taken into account along with 90% hydrogen ions. Therefore, the role of helium ions should not be ignored in the study of wave dynamics in solar plasma.

scholarly journals Treatment of High-Strength Animal Industrial Wastewater Using Photo-Assisted Fenton Oxidation Coupled to Photocatalytic Technology

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1553 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jae Hong Park ◽  
Dong Seok Shin ◽  
Jae Kwan Lee
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Cod Removal ◽  
Fenton Oxidation ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Animal Wastewater

Animal wastewater is one of the wastewaters that has a color and is difficult to treat because it contains a large amount of non-degradable organic materials. The photo-assisted Fenton oxidation technique was applied to treat animal wastewater, and the optimal conditions of chemical oxygen demands (COD) removal were analyzed according to changes in pH, ferrous ion, H2O2, and ultraviolet (UV) light intensity as a single experimental condition. Experimental results showed that, under the single-factor experimental conditions, the optimal conditions for degradation of animal wastewater were pH 3.5, Fe(II) 0.01 M, H2O2 0.1 M, light intensity 3.524 mW/m2. Under the optimal conditions, COD removal efficiency was 91%, sludge production was 2.5 mL from 100 mL of solution, color removal efficiency was 80%, and coliform removal efficiency was 99.5%.

Towards a Precise Measurement of the He+ 2S Lamb Shift

2007 ◽  
pp. 303-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. Burrows ◽  
S. Guérandel ◽  
E. A. Hinds ◽  
F. Lison ◽  
M. G. Boshier
Keyword(s):  
Lamb Shift ◽  
Precise Measurement
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