scholarly journals Research on Key Technology of Electrochemical Sterilization and Physical Application for Circulating Cooling Water

2021 ◽  
Vol 2083 (2) ◽  
pp. 022068
Author(s):  
Xiaohui Wang ◽  
Chunyan Song ◽  
Xueying Xie ◽  
Nan Zhang ◽  
Ruiqing Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electric Fields ◽  
Electrode Materials ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Cooling Water ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Electrode Spacing ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Circulating Cooling Water

Abstract As a high-efficiency, low-cost, convenient and environmentally friendly sterilization technology, electrochemical disinfection has developed rapidly in recent years. Electrochemical sterilization is an environmentally friendly sterilization technology. The research progress of this technology in the recent 30 years in sterilization mechanism and electrode materials is summarized. The mechanism of electrochemical sterilization includes the chemical effects of active chlorine, active intermediates, copper or silver ions, and the physical effects of electric fields; the electrode materials used are titanium anode, carbon cathode, and anode. The article combined with electrochemical equipment in a thermal power plant cold open circulating cooling water treatment experiment. Experimental research found that under the conditions of current density of 120A/m2, residence time of 10s, and electrode spacing of 1.8cm, the bactericidal effect can reach 97%. Under certain experimental conditions and a certain period of time, the total number of heterogeneous bacteria in the circulating cooling water after treatment can be effectively inhibited.

TEMPERATURE DEPENDENCE OF ELECTRICAL RESISTANCE OF INDIVIDUAL CARBON NANOTUBES AND CARBON NANOTUBES NETWORK

2012 ◽  
Vol 26 (21) ◽  
pp. 1250136 ◽  
Author(s):  
SAJJAD DEHGHANI ◽  
MOHAMMAD KAZEM MORAVVEJ-FARSHI ◽  
MOHAMMAD HOSSEIN SHEIKHI
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Temperature Dependence ◽  
Electric Fields ◽  
Electrical Resistance ◽  
Electrode Materials ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Electrode Spacing ◽  
Single Wall Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Tube Metal

We present a model to understand the effect of temperature on the electrical resistance of individual semiconducting single wall carbon nanotubes (s-SWCNTs) of various diameters under various electric fields. The temperature dependence of the resistance of s-SWCNTs and metallic SWCNTs (m-SWCNTs) are compared. These results help us to understand the temperature dependence of the resistance of SWCNTs network. We experimentally examine the temperature dependence of the resistance of random networks of SWCNTs, prepared by dispersing CNTs in ethanol and drop-casting the solution on prefabricated metallic electrodes. Examining various samples with different electrode materials and spacings, we find that the dominant resistance in determination of the temperature dependence of resistance of the network is the resistance of individual tubes, rather than the tube–tube resistance or tube–metal contact resistance. It is also found that the tube–tube resistance depends on the electrode spacing and it is more important for larger electrode spacings. By applying high electric field to burn the all-metallic paths of the SWCNTs network, the temperature dependence of the resistance of s-SWCNTs is also examined. We also investigate the effect of acid treatment of CNTs on the temperature dependence of the resistance of SWCNTs and also multi-wall CNTs (MWCNTs) networks.

Electro-Hydrodynamic Control of Premixed Turbulent Methane Flames at Pressures Above 1 ATM

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Hammer ◽  
G. Lins ◽  
D. W. Branston ◽  
F. Dinkelacker ◽  
A. Sakhrieh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Electric Fields ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Reaction Zones ◽  
Co Reduction ◽  
Flame Behavior

Electric field control of combustion offers the potential of stabilizing flames and reducing emissions with comparatively little effort. Previous investigations of the effects of electric fields on flames were restricted to atmospheric pressure and the question whether field effects persist at higher pressures remained open. In the present work effects of electric fields on flame behavior are established for pressures up to 10 bar without any indication that this should be an upper limit. Voltage-current measurements and optical emission spectroscopy gave clear evidence that at all experimental conditions under investigation electric field induced ionization and dissociation reactions were negligible with regard to the combustion process. Thus it is concluded that all observed effects are due to electro-hydrodynamic distortions of the gas flow caused by electrostatic forces acting on the ions generated in the reaction zones of the flames. The concentration of pollutants such as CO, NO and NO2 in the presence of an electric field depends on the ratio U/p of electrode voltage U and pressure p which implies that the electric field strength required to obtain a given effect increases linearly with pressure. In an electric field directed towards the burner CO emissions could be reduced by about 90%, irrespective of pressure. The decrease of CO was accompanied by an increase of NOx by about 20%. The electric power required for a CO reduction of 90% amounted to 0.1% of the thermal power. The improvement of the lean blow-off limit upon application of an electric field observed so far ranges from 1 to 3% and increases with pressure.

The Study on Water Conservation in Thermal Power Plants

2014 ◽  
Vol 675-677 ◽  
pp. 1716-1720 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Lei Zhou ◽  
Yu Yun Fu
Keyword(s):  
Water Conservation ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Water System ◽  
Cooling Water ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Feed Water ◽  
Thermal Power Plants ◽  
Transfer Energy ◽  
Circulating Cooling Water

As the main working fluid pair to transfer energy and cool down the equipment, water is used in a large amount in thermal power plants. It will promote water conservation and resource recycling if the water use is managed effectively in production and the wastewater, which come from circulating cooling water system, the pretreatment in boiler feed water preparation system, desalination system and condensate polishing system, is disposed and recycled well.

scholarly journals Optimization for Circulating Cooling Water Distribution of Indirect Dry Cooling System in a Thermal Power Plant under Crosswind Condition with Evolution Strategies Algorithm

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 1167
Author(s):  
Zhao Li ◽  
Huimin Wei ◽  
Tao Wu ◽  
Xiaoze Du
Keyword(s):  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Cooling Water ◽  
Evolution Strategies ◽  
Circulating Cooling Water ◽  
Dry Cooling

Crosswind has an adverse impact on the performance of an indirect dry cooling system. In order to mitigate the adverse influence, this study redistributed the circulating cooling water among air-cooled heat exchanger sectors so that the performance of the indirect dry cooling system could be improved. An evolution strategies algorithm combined with numerical effectiveness-based heat exchanger model was established to minimize the operation costs of the whole system. Based on a 660 MW practical power plant, optimal circulating cooling water operation strategies under varied crosswind speeds and ambient temperatures were calculated to show its application. According to the calculated results, the performance of the indirect dry cooling system could be enhanced by optimizing circulating cooling water distribution under any crosswind speed, especially under high ambient wind speeds. There is a slight promotion of the coal savings with a rise in ambient temperature: improvements of about 5%. The standard coal consumption rate could save as much as 2.50 g/kWh under crosswind speed of 10 m s−1 and ambient temperature of 32 °C, compared to the 0.1 g/kWh under crosswind speed of 2 m s−1 and ambient temperature of 32 °C.

scholarly journals Effect of BaO-CaO-SiO2 addition on dielectric and electrocaloric properties of lead-free 0.2Ba(Ti0.9Sn0.1)O3-0.8Ba(Zr0.18Ti0.82)O3 bulk ceramics

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhang dandan ◽  
Xiuli Zhang ◽  
XingJia LI ◽  
Zhu LIANG ◽  
Haisheng XU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Electric Fields ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Sintering Temperature ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Lead Free ◽  
Sintering Aid ◽  
Cooling Devices

Abstract In recent years, compared with traditional refrigeration technology, the electrocaloric refrigeration technology has been applied in variety of green cooling devices due to its high efficiency and environmentally friendly. Recent findings reveal that the ceramics system with additives (such as, LiBiO2, PbO) can create large ECE under low electric field. In this work, the ternary glass BaO-CaO-SiO2 (BCS) was used as a sintering aid to enhance the electrocaloric (EC) response of 0.2Ba(Ti0.9Sn0.1)O3−0.8Ba(Zr0.18Ti0.82)O3(BZSnT20) bulk ceramics. The EC properties of BZSnT20 could be also improved via controlling sintering temperature and the content of BCS sintering aid. It was found that BZSnT20 with 0.5wt% BCS show the maximum EC response of 3.2K under 7MV/m with sintering temperature of 1262℃. These results demonstrated that the ECE of BZSnT20 can be boosted by using appropriate additives, which provides an effective route to realize large ECE under low electric fields.

scholarly journals Review on research of water saving for natural ventilation cooling tower

2021 ◽  
Vol 283 ◽  
pp. 01020
Author(s):  
Shuyuan Ran
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Natural Ventilation ◽  
Cooling Tower ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Cooling Water ◽  
High Water ◽  
Water Saving ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Circulating Cooling Water

Thermal power plant is one of the eight high water consumption industries in China, and circulating cooling water is the largest water consumption project. Under the increasingly severe situation of water resources in China, measures must be taken to reduce the evaporation loss, wind blowing loss and pollution discharge loss of natural ventilation cooling tower. Based on the comprehensive summary of water-saving technology of natural ventilation cooling tower, we compared the advantages and disadvantages of various technologies to provide a basis for water-saving transformation of cooling tower.

Dynamic Simulation Study on Anti-Scaling Corrosion Inhibitors of Circulating Cooling Water for Thermal Power Plants

2012 ◽  
Vol 441 ◽  
pp. 772-776
Author(s):  
Mo Jie Sun ◽  
Peng Wang ◽  
Chun Guang Liu ◽  
Yu Han Shan ◽  
Chun Biao Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Simulation ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Cooling Water ◽  
National Standards ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Thermal Power Plants ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Water Condition ◽  
Circulating Cooling Water

In order to choose one elixir from three anti-scaling inhibitors A, B and C that most suits for the circulating cooling water in thermal power plants under certain water condition, we used the dynamic simulation test method in this paper. Under high concentration rate (4.0), we comprehensively analyzed the three elixirs from the factors of their anti-scaling, corrosion and economical performances. According to the results, it was confirmed that elixir B displayed the relevant good properties for the water condition of the power plant. Meantime, the elixir components of the three elixirs were analyzed, and the results showed that all the indexes of them were in conformity with the national standards.

scholarly journals Research on the application of compound microorganism preparation in reusing urban reclaimed water in circulating cooling water system

2019 ◽  
Vol 80 (9) ◽  
pp. 1763-1773 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chuanmin Chen ◽  
Yu Wang ◽  
Songtao Liu ◽  
Rongrong Feng ◽  
Xingjia Gu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Reclaimed Water ◽  
Water System ◽  
Cooling Water ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Circulating Cooling Water

Abstract A biological method was developed for reusing urban reclaimed water in circulating cooling water systems (CCWS), in which the compound microorganism preparation (CMP) mainly included nitrobacteria, Bacillus subtilis, photosynthetic bacteria and Thiobacillus denitrificans, was used to control the scaling, corrosion and biofouling of CCWS. The abundant carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus in urban reclaimed water met the needs of microbial growth. Compared with chemical agents, CMP had the advantages of high efficiency, no additional chemicals and being more economical. The research results showed that CMP improved water quality and decreased ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) and chemical oxygen demand (COD). The concentration ratio of CCWS reached 3.87 using CMP. The corrosion inhibition rate of CMP and the removal rate on biofouling achieved 99.69% and 22.21%, respectively. The mechanisms of CMP to control scaling, corrosion and biofouling were discussed, and the surface characteristics and chemical compositions of corrosion products and biofouling were analyzed.

Method of high frequency therapy at cows' mastitis during machine milking

2020 ◽  
pp. 9-12
Author(s):  
Viktor E. Lyubimov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Electromagnetic Fields ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Ultrahigh Frequency ◽  
Machine Milking ◽  
High Frequency Electromagnetic Field ◽  
Milking Machine ◽  
Methods Of Treatment

Health of dairy cows ensures human health, so it is important that dairy products do not contain antibiotics that are used to treat any inflammation, including mastitis. In Russia at present, the problem of mastitis in cows exists with both attached and loose housing of cows. Mastitis of dairy cows are the great problem in milking husbandry. Losses from mastitis in milk yield can reach 15-20%. The main reasons for the occurrence of nonspecific mastitis of cows are the shortcomings of the working components of the milking machine: the degree of deterioration of the nipple rubber and the violation of machine milking technology (the reduction in pre-milking time and vacuum fluctuations account for 70% of all causes). Treatment of mastitis with antibiotics is effective, but not environmentally friendly and unacceptable. For the treatment of inflammation of the udder, it is necessary to use more environmentally friendly methods of treatment, one of which is the exposure to ultra-high frequency electromagnetic field tested by medicine. Use of three types of medical-mobile milking machines with the same method of exposure to ultrahigh-frequency electromagnetic fields on cow's nipples through electrodes in milking cups: LPDA-1-UHF, LPDA-2-UHF and LPDA-UHF-30 M, is described in the article. Author proved that cows with subclinical forms of mastitis recovered faster during milking with exposure to the ultrahigh frequency than when treated by antibiotics, and milking with the ultrahigh frequency device helps to recover 82% of the affected quarters with clinical forms and 100% of cows with subclinical forms of mastitis or with udder irritation. The high efficiency of the method of exposure to electromagnetic fields of the ultrahigh frequency during machine milking by means of medical-mobile milking machines LPDA-UHF for the prevention and treatment of mastitis of cows was shown.

Metabolism and Distribution of Novel Tumor Targeting Drugs In Vivo

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (13) ◽  
pp. 996-1008
Author(s):  
Mengli Wang ◽  
Qiuzheng Du ◽  
Lihua Zuo ◽  
Peng Xue ◽  
Chao Lan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Small Molecule ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Tumor Therapy ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Parameters ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Targeted Drugs

Background: As a new tumor therapy, targeted therapy is becoming a hot topic due to its high efficiency and low toxicity. Drug effects of targeted tumor drugs are closely related to pharmacokinetics, so it is important to understand their distribution and metabolism in vivo. Methods: A systematic review of the literature on the metabolism and distribution of targeted drugs over the past 20 years was conducted, and the pharmacokinetic parameters of approved targeted drugs were summarized in combination with the FDA's drug instructions. Targeting drugs are divided into two categories: small molecule inhibitors and monoclonal antibodies. Novel targeting drugs and their mechanisms of action, which have been developed in recent years, are summarized. The distribution and metabolic processes of each drug in the human body are reviewed. Results: In this review, we found that the distribution and metabolism of small molecule kinase inhibitors (TKI) and monoclonal antibodies (mAb) showed different characteristics based on the differences of action mechanism and molecular characteristics. TKI absorbed rapidly (Tmax ≈ 1-4 h) and distributed in large amounts (Vd > 100 L). It was mainly oxidized and reduced by cytochrome P450 CYP3A4. However, due to the large molecular diameter, mAb was distributed to tissues slowly, and the volume of distribution was usually very low (Vd < 10 L). It was mainly hydrolyzed and metabolized into peptides and amino acids by protease hydrolysis. In addition, some of the latest drugs are still in clinical trials, and the in vivo process still needs further study. Conclusion: According to the summary of the research progress of the existing targeting drugs, it is found that they have high specificity, but there are still deficiencies in drug resistance and safety. Therefore, the development of safer and more effective targeted drugs is the future research direction. Meanwhile, this study also provides a theoretical basis for clinical accurate drug delivery.

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