Studies on soil contamination due to used motor oil and its remediation

2009 ◽  
Vol 46 (9) ◽  
pp. 1077-1083 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. K. Singh ◽  
R. K. Srivastava ◽  
Siby John
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Geotechnical Properties ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
Experimental Program ◽  
High Plasticity ◽  
Motor Oil ◽  
Used Motor Oil ◽  
Study Laboratory

An experimental program was undertaken to evaluate the changes in behaviour of soils due to interaction with used motor oil (U.M.O) followed by their remediation. Different types of soils classified as clay with low plasticity (CL), clay with high plasticity (CH), and poorly graded sand (SP) were used for the study. Laboratory studies were conducted on virgin (uncontaminated) soil samples and soil samples simulated to varying degrees of contamination (i.e., 3%, 6%, and 9% by dry weight of soil) to compare the geotechnical properties before and after contamination. The engineering properties altered due to contamination. Surfactant (sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS)) enhanced washing was employed to decontaminate the soils. It was observed that the original geotechnical properties of soils could be almost restored (variation ranging from 0 to 12%) upon decontamination with SDS at an optimum dosage.

Correlation of Unconfined Compressive Strength and California Bearing Ratio in Laterite Soil Stabilization Using Varied Zeolite Content Activated by Waterglass

2020 ◽  
Vol 998 ◽  
pp. 323-328
Author(s):  
Achmad Bakri Muhiddin ◽  
Marthen M. Tangkeallo
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Unconfined Compressive Strength ◽  
Soil Stabilization ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
High Plasticity ◽  
Curing Time ◽  
Laterite Soil ◽  
Zeolite Content ◽  
Meta Silicate

In remote areas, most roads still use pavements that are very sensitive to climate change, especially those using clay pavements with high plasticity. In addition to the issue of cost, the difficulty of obtaining a proper source of material is another problem that has led to soaring prices for materials. In this regard, a study was conducted using local materials, namely zeolite as a stabilizing material added with waterglass as activating agent. The research began with samples of laterite soil and natural zeolite for XRD test (microstructure testing), and then testing for laterite soil’s index properties and engineering properties, namely Unconfined Compressive Strength and CBR value. The purpose of the test is to determine the correlation between the Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS) and the soil bearing capacity (CBR) caused by adding zeolite as stabilizer material and waterglass as activator with increasing curing time. Laterite soils contain a brownish red iron oxide. The stabilizing material zeolite contains a crystalline mineral of alumina silicate SiO2. While waterglass composed of sodium meta silicate. Stabilization carried out by mixing 4%, 8%, 12%, 16%, and 20% of zeolite with addition of 2% waterglass, percentage was measured based on soil dry weight. Specimens were tested at curing time of 0, 7, 14, and 28 days. The test result shows increasing UCS and CBR values with increasing percentage of zeolite. At mix of 20% zeolite and 2% waterglass, the unconfined compressive strength reaches 23.54 kg/cm2 with CBR value 58% at 28 days of curing time.

Influence of Carbon Nanofibers on the Shear Strength and Comparing Cohesion of Direct Shear Test and AFM

2017 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 108-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamal M.A. Alsharef ◽  
Mohd Raihan Taha ◽  
Ramez A. Al-Mansob ◽  
Tanveer Ahmed Khan
Keyword(s):  
Shear Strength ◽  
Carbon Nanofibers ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
Coarse Grained ◽  
Statistical Prediction ◽  
Residual Shear Strength ◽  
Stabilized Soil

The stabilization and enhancement of the engineering properties of fine and coarse grained soil has heavily relied on reinforcement and admixture materials. This study discusses the effect of the additive of Carbon nanofibers (CNF) on the characteristics of soils in terms of shear strength. The content of CNF was changed within the range of 0.05 to 0.2% by total dry weight of the reinforced samples. In achieving the objective of minimizing the number of experimental runs and thus conserve material, time as well as overall cost, the Box–Behnken approach was chosen as the method for statistical prediction. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Atomic force microscopy (AFM) has been utilized in studying features of CNF in stabilized soil samples and force at the origin of the cohesion (c) of soil. Test results reveal that the increases peak and residual shear strength of the reinforcement soil samples were increased with an increase in the CNF content. The pre-eminence of ionic correlation forces in the cohesion of soil was confirmed by the force (cohesion) measurements by (AFM). The statistical prediction’s relatively high correlation coefficients justified the results.

scholarly journals Experimental Study on the Utilization of Fine Steel Slag on Stabilizing High Plastic Subgrade Soil

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hussien Aldeeky ◽  
Omar Al Hattamleh
Keyword(s):  
Steel Slag ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Geotechnical Properties ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Maximum Dry Density ◽  
Geotechnical Characteristics ◽  
Subgrade Soil ◽  
Free Swell ◽  
High Plastic

The three major steel manufacturing factories in Jordan dump their byproduct, steel slag, randomly in open areas, which causes many environmental hazardous problems. This study intended to explore the effectiveness of using fine steel slag aggregate (FSSA) in improving the geotechnical properties of high plastic subgrade soil. First soil and fine steel slag mechanical and engineering properties were evaluating. Then 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25% dry weight of soil of fine steel slag (FSSA) were added and mixed into the prepared soil samples. The effectiveness of the FSSA was judged by the improvement in consistency limits, compaction, free swell, unconfined compression strength, and California bearing ratio (CBR). From the test results, it is observed that 20% FSSA additives will reduce plasticity index and free swell by 26.3% and 58.3%, respectively. Furthermore, 20% FSSA additives will increase the unconfined compressive strength, maximum dry density, and CBR value by 100%, 6.9%, and 154%. By conclusion FSSA had a positive effect on the geotechnical properties of the soil and it can be used as admixture in proving geotechnical characteristics of subgrade soil, not only solving the waste disposal problem.

scholarly journals Unified Evaluation of Consolidation Parameters for Low to High Plastic Range of Cohesive Soils

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-103
Author(s):  
Zia ur Rehman State ◽  
Khalid Farooq ◽  
Hassan Mujtaba ◽  
Usama Khalid
Keyword(s):  
Cohesive Soil ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
Cohesive Soils ◽  
High Plasticity ◽  
Index Properties ◽  
Undisturbed Soil ◽  
Index Compression ◽  
The Right ◽  
Consolidation Parameters

Knowing the engineering properties of geomaterials is imperative to make the right decision while designing and executing any geotechnical project. For the economical and safe geotechnical design, quick characterization of the compressibility properties of the cohesive soil is often desirable; these properties are indeed tedious to determine through actual tests. Therefore, correlating the consolidation parameters of the soils with its index properties has a great significance in the geotechnical engineering field. Several attempts have been made in the past to develop correlations between the consolidation parameters and index properties of the cohesive soils, within certain limitations. However, there is still a need to develop such correlations based on the extensive database, composing of unified plasticity range of soils, i.e., low to high plasticity. In the current study, 148 undisturbed soil specimens were obtained from different areas of Pakistan. Out of which 120 samples were utilized to develop correlations, and 28 samples were used to check the validity of the developed correlations. In order to enhance the index properties database, 30 more bentonite mixed soil samples were prepared and tested accordingly. Correlations to envisage different consolidation parameters such as compression index, compression ratio and coefficient of volume compressibility were developed using 150 cohesive soil samples of low to high plasticity. In addition, the performance of these developed correlations was verified on a set of 40 soil samples and compared with the performance of different correlations available in the literature. The percentage deviation in the prediction of compressibility characteristics through developed correlations in the present study was found to be very less, which endorsed the excellent reliability of the developed correlations.

Evaluation of the Curing Time Effect on the Swelling, Unconfined Strength and Resilient Modulus of an Expansive Soil Improved with Hydrated Lime

2021 ◽  
pp. 036119812110570
Author(s):  
İ. Süt Ünver ◽  
M. A. Lav ◽  
E. Çokça ◽  
G. Baykal
Keyword(s):  
Resilient Modulus ◽  
Expansive Soils ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Natural Soil ◽  
High Plasticity ◽  
Expansive Clay ◽  
Curing Time ◽  
Clay Deposits ◽  
Swell Potential

Soils with high plasticity and high swell potential undergo great volume changes in the presence of unstable water content changes. The resulting expansion leads to damage to pavements and/or lightweight structures with such a subsoil. Expansive soils can be improved by adding chemical stabilizers such as lime, fly ash and micro cement. To construct a highway on an expansive subgrade soil, the subgrade should be stabilized to satisfy the minimum requirements of the highway standards. In this research, expansive clay samples were collected from clay deposits in the Akyurt district of Ankara (Turkey), near Esenboğa Airport. The swelling, strength and resilient modulus properties of the soil samples were determined via laboratory tests. First, reference tests were carried out on natural soil samples. Then, the clay samples were mixed with lime agent at different percentages (1%, 3%, 5%, 7% and 9%) according to the dry weight of the soil. The index, swelling, strength and resilient modulus (Mr) properties of these samples were determined. The soil samples were tested at 7, 28, 56 and 90-day curing times for each percentage of lime agent considered. The changes in the abovementioned properties, especially with regard to the effect of curing time on improvement, were interpreted in this research. Designing for a 7% lime content and a 28-day curing time can be a sound solution for addressing the expansive clay studied in this research, since the criteria of the Turkish Highway Standards are satisfied under these conditions.

scholarly journals Investigation of geotechnical properties of soil samples in Isu-Njaba Imo State

2021 ◽  
Vol 1036 (1) ◽  
pp. 012035
Author(s):  
A C Ekeleme ◽  
O H Ibearugbulem ◽  
E I Ugwu ◽  
C E Njoku ◽  
E C Amanamba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Samples ◽  
Geotechnical Properties ◽  
Imo State ◽  
Properties Of Soil

scholarly journals Biodegradation of Methyl tert-Butyl Ether and Other Fuel Oxygenates by a New Strain, Mycobacterium austroafricanum IFP 2012

2002 ◽  
Vol 68 (6) ◽  
pp. 2754-2762 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan François ◽  
Hugues Mathis ◽  
Davy Godefroy ◽  
Pascal Piveteau ◽  
Françoise Fayolle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Butyl Alcohol ◽  
Amyl Alcohol ◽  
Methyl Tert Butyl Ether ◽  
Methylotrophic Bacterium ◽  
Specific Rate ◽  
Butyl Ether ◽  
Mycobacterium Austroafricanum

ABSTRACT A strain that efficiently degraded methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) was obtained by initial selection on the recalcitrant compound tert-butyl alcohol (TBA). This strain, a gram-positive methylotrophic bacterium identified as Mycobacterium austroafricanum IFP 2012, was also able to degrade tert-amyl methyl ether and tert-amyl alcohol. Ethyl tert-butyl ether was weakly degraded. tert-Butyl formate and 2-hydroxy isobutyrate (HIBA), two intermediates in the MTBE catabolism pathway, were detected during growth on MTBE. A positive effect of Co2+ during growth of M. austroafricanum IFP 2012 on HIBA was demonstrated. The specific rate of MTBE degradation was 0.6 mmol/h/g (dry weight) of cells, and the biomass yield on MTBE was 0.44 g (dry weight) per g of MTBE. MTBE, TBA, and HIBA degradation activities were induced by MTBE and TBA, and TBA was a good inducer. Involvement of at least one monooxygenase during degradation of MTBE and TBA was shown by (i) the requirement for oxygen, (ii) the production of propylene epoxide from propylene by MTBE- or TBA- grown cells, and (iii) the inhibition of MTBE or TBA degradation and of propylene epoxide production by acetylene. No cytochrome P-450 was detected in MTBE- or TBA-grown cells. Similar protein profiles were obtained after sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of crude extracts from MTBE- and TBA-grown cells. Among the polypeptides induced by these substrates, two polypeptides (66 and 27 kDa) exhibited strong similarities with known oxidoreductases.

scholarly journals STUDY AND ESTIMATION OF THE RATIO OF 137CS AND 40K SPECIFIC ACTIVITIES IN SANDY AND LOAM SOILS / 137CS IR 40K SAVITŲJŲ AKTYVUMŲ SANTYKIŲ TYRIMAS IR VERTINIMAS PRIESMĖLIO IR PRIEMOLIO DIRVOŽEMYJE

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 37-42
Author(s):  
Renata Mikalauskienė ◽  
Donatas Butkus ◽  
Ingrida Pliopaitė Bataitienė
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Nuclear Testing ◽  
Specific Activities ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Chernobyl Nuclear Plant ◽  
Properties Of Soil ◽  
And Chemical Properties

The present article describes changes in specific activities and fluctuations in the ratio of natural 40K and artificial 137Cs radionuclides in soil samples taken from different places of Lithuanian territory. The samples of soil have been selected from the districts polluted after the accident in Chernobyl nuclear plant performing nuclear testing operations. The study has established the main physical and chemical properties of soil samples and their impact on the concentration of 40K activities. 137Cs/40K specific activities in soil have been observed under the dry weight of the sample that varied from 0.0034 to 0.0240. The results of the study could be used for establishing and estimating 137Csand 40K transfer in the system “soil-plant”. Santrauka Straipsnyje nagrinėjama gamtinės (40K) ir dirbtinės (137Cs) kilmės radionuklidų savitųjų aktyvumų ir jų santykio kaita skirtinguose Lietuvos teritorijos dirvožemiuose. Dirvožemio mėginiai parinkti iš vietovių, kurios buvo labiau užterštos po Černobylio atominės elektrinės avarijos ir buvusių branduolinių bandymų. Tyrimo metu nustatytos pagrindinės fizinės cheminės dirvožemio savybės ir jų poveikis 40K aktyvumų koncentracijai. 137Csir 40K savitieji aktyvumai dirvožemyje tirti esant sausam mėginio svoriui. 137Cs savitieji aktyvumai sausame dirvožemyje svyravo nuo 1,1±1,0 iki 14,3±0,9 Bq/kg, o 40K savitieji aktyvumai – nuo 326±29 iki 740±15 Bq/kg. 137Csir 40K savitųjų aktyvumų santykis skirtingų vietovių dirvožemiuose kito nuo 0,0034 iki 0,0240 Bq/kg. Tyrimo rezultatai gali būti panaudoti, nustatant ir įvertinant 137Csir 40K pernašą sistemoje dirvožemis–augalai.

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