scholarly journals Experimental Study on the Utilization of Fine Steel Slag on Stabilizing High Plastic Subgrade Soil

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hussien Aldeeky ◽  
Omar Al Hattamleh
Keyword(s):  
Steel Slag ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Geotechnical Properties ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Maximum Dry Density ◽  
Geotechnical Characteristics ◽  
Subgrade Soil ◽  
Free Swell ◽  
High Plastic

The three major steel manufacturing factories in Jordan dump their byproduct, steel slag, randomly in open areas, which causes many environmental hazardous problems. This study intended to explore the effectiveness of using fine steel slag aggregate (FSSA) in improving the geotechnical properties of high plastic subgrade soil. First soil and fine steel slag mechanical and engineering properties were evaluating. Then 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25% dry weight of soil of fine steel slag (FSSA) were added and mixed into the prepared soil samples. The effectiveness of the FSSA was judged by the improvement in consistency limits, compaction, free swell, unconfined compression strength, and California bearing ratio (CBR). From the test results, it is observed that 20% FSSA additives will reduce plasticity index and free swell by 26.3% and 58.3%, respectively. Furthermore, 20% FSSA additives will increase the unconfined compressive strength, maximum dry density, and CBR value by 100%, 6.9%, and 154%. By conclusion FSSA had a positive effect on the geotechnical properties of the soil and it can be used as admixture in proving geotechnical characteristics of subgrade soil, not only solving the waste disposal problem.

scholarly journals Geotechnical Properties of Fresh and Degraded MSW in the Foothill of Shivalik Range Una, Himachal Pradesh

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 363-374 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Himachal Pradesh ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Maximum Dry Density ◽  
Overburden Pressure ◽  
Dump Site ◽  
Angle Of Internal Friction ◽  
Geotechnical Characteristics ◽  
Geotechnical Tests

The aim of the present study is to determine the physical and geotechnical characteristics of municipal solid waste (MSW) from an open dump site located in Una town, Himachal Pradesh (India) for the analysis of settlement and structural stability of landfill. Degraded waste was tested for different time intervals ranging from 6 months to 6 years. The physical characterization and the geotechnical tests were performed to determine the composition and the engineering properties of MSW respectively. The presence of moisture content in the fresh waste was 49.5±1.05% but for the degraded (or old) waste it varied between 39.8 to 51.6%. The specific gravity of fresh and old waste varied between 1.83±0.05 and 1.85 for 6 months old waste and 2.28 for 5-6 years old degraded waste respectively. The maximum dry density (MDD) was observed to be 4.28 kN/m2 for fresh waste at the optimum moisture content (OMC) of 78.1% and 4.47 kN/m3 for 6 months old waste and 6.25 kN/m3 for the degraded waste of 5-6 years at 80.2, 85.4% of OMC respectively. The hydraulic conductivity (k) of MSW was found to be decreasing with the degradation of MSW and the overburden pressure whereas the shear strength increased along with the degradation of the waste. The cohesion (c) and angle of internal friction (φ) increased respectively from 31.2 kPa(fresh) to 38 kPa(degraded) and 14° to 22° with the increase in waste degradation. The compression ratio of fresh waste was within the ranges of 0.19-0.29 and for degraded MSW it varied between 0.12 for 6 months old waste and 0.17 for 5-6 years old degraded waste respectively.

scholarly journals Using Nanomaterials in Stabilization of Soil for Oil Infrastructures

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 36-53
Author(s):  
Dr. Zaid Hameed Majeed ◽  
Eng. Kadhim Jawad Aubais ◽  
Dr. Mohd Raihan Taha
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Unconfined Compressive Strength ◽  
Soil Stabilization ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Al2o3 Content ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Maximum Dry Density ◽  
Geotechnical Characteristics ◽  
Compressible Soil

The design foundations  of storage tanks for oil industry experiences significant problems due to the widespread occurrence of weak and compressible soil which resulted in foundation failure. In this study, soft soils were taken from two locations and mixed with three types of nanoparticles which were nano-alumina (nano Al2O3), nano-copper (nano CuO), and nano-magnesium (nano MgO). Nanomaterials were incorporated in small percentage (less than 1%) by dry weight of soil. The tested geotechnical characteristics included the water content, dry density, and the unconfined compressive strength. The results showed significant enhancements in the maximum dry density and unconfined compressive strength. The level of enhancement depended on the type of nanomaterials and the contents. Improved strength and hardening properties were shown with the utilization of nano CuO material in comparison to the soil samples with the other nanomaterials additions, with its optimum addition of 0.7% provided an increment rate of 662.7% while the optimum nano CuO which is about 1% showed a 532% increasing rate in the compressive strength of S1 soil. It was noted that the maximum dry density and unconfined compressive strength enhanced with the increase in the nanoparticles content until reaching a percentage in which the strength decreased. The optimum content of the nano MgO was 0.3% while the optimum nano Al2O3 content was about 0.3% for soil S1 and was about 0.1% for soil S2. The presence of nanomaterials in excessive contents caused agglomeration of particles which had negative influences on mechanical characteristics of the soils. Generally, the incorporation of finer particles like nanoparticles even with low amount would improve the geotechnical characteristics of soils with the consideration of the potential environmental benefits, these combined admixtures are intended to lower the cost and become a more sustainable and environmental alternative for soil stabilization

Strength Enhancement Potential of Spent Calcium Carbide on Fine Grained Lateritic Soil

2021 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 156-163
Author(s):  
Oluremi Johnson Rotimi ◽  
Bamigboye Gideon Olukunle ◽  
Afolayan Olaniyi Diran ◽  
B. Iyanda Olayinka ◽  
A. Bello Usman
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbide ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Geotechnical Properties ◽  
California Bearing Ratio ◽  
Lateritic Soil ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Maximum Dry Density ◽  
British Standard ◽  
Pavement Construction

Effect of spent calcium carbide (SCC) on index and strength properties of lateritic soil at differ- ent compactive efforts was assessed in this study as potential means of improving the geotechnical properties of the subsoil as well as disposing of SCC as waste. SCC was admixed with the soil using 0 to 10 % by dry weight of soil at an incremental rate of 2%. The following tests were carried out on the samples: specific gravity, Atterberg limit, particle size distribution, compaction, and California bearing ratio (CBR). Compaction and California Bearing Ratio (CBR) tests were carried out using British Standard light (BSL), West African Standard (WAS), and British Standard heavy (BSH) on both the natural and stabilized soil samples. From the investigation, atterberg limits show a reduction in the plasticity index with increasing content of SCC. The maximum dry density of the soil decreased with increasing SCC content and increased with an increase in compactive energies (BSL<WAS<BSH), while and optimum moisture content (OMC) increased correspondingly. Also, soaked and unsoaked CBR values of the stabilized lateritic soil showed an increase in strength with higher compactive effort, and SCC content up to 4% SCC addition and after that decreased in value. Based on these results, spent calcium carbide improved the geotechnical properties of this lateritic soil, and 4% SCC is recommended for its stabilization as subgrade material for pavement construction, thereby serving as an effective method of disposing SCC towards promoting a green and sustainable environment.

scholarly journals Effects of contamination with gasoline on engineering properties of fine-grained silty soils with an emphasis on the duration of exposure

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdollah Yazdi ◽  
Ebrahim Sharifi Teshnizi
Keyword(s):  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Geotechnical Properties ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
Contamination Level ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Compression Tests ◽  
Maximum Dry Density ◽  
Silty Soil ◽  
Geochemical Properties ◽  
Laboratory Results

AbstractLeaking tanks may lead to severe contamination of their surrounding soil. The geotechnical behavior of the soil varies with the physicochemical processes that occur between the contaminant and the soil. In this respect, studying the geochemical properties of gasoline-contaminated soils and sediments seems to be important for engineering and especially environmental purposes. In this paper, laboratory tests were carried out to examine the effects of crude gasoline contamination on some of the geotechnical properties of a silty soil sampled from the Mashhad plain, located in the northeast of Iran. Tests consisted of basic properties, Atterberg limits, compaction, direct shear, and uniaxial compression tests, which were carried out on clean and contaminated soil samples at the same densities. The contaminated samples were prepared by mixing the soils with crude gasoline in the amounts of 3%, 6%, 9%, and 12% of dry weight and curing periods of 0, 7, 15, and 30 days. Results indicated a decrease in the friction angle and an increase in the cohesion of the soil by increasing gasoline content. Besides, a reduction in the maximum dry density and optimum moisture content was observed in the compaction test. The increase in gasoline percentage up to 6% also showed a direct effect on increasing the liquid limit and plastic limit of silty soil, which decreased thereafter. Moreover, any increase in gasoline percentage had a reverse effect on the modulus of elasticity of the soil. The increase in gasoline percentage up to 3% also had a direct impact on the uniaxial compressive strength of the soil, exceeding which it started to decline. Finally, the effects of contamination duration were examined by testing contaminated samples in periods of 7, 15, and 30 days under natural conditions. The results showed a reverse relationship with all geotechnical properties due to aging and a reduction in the gasoline content due to the evaporation of volatile compounds. Also, the numerical analysis of the laboratory results indicated an increase in settling and the percentage of shear strain beneath the foundation with increasing the contamination level, confirming the laboratory results.

scholarly journals Effect of Calcium Chloride on Geotechnical Properties of Black Cotton Soil Ramya

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Chloride ◽  
Liquid Limit ◽  
Geotechnical Properties ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
Black Cotton Soil ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Unconfined Compression ◽  
Maximum Dry Density ◽  
Treated Soil ◽  
Curing Period

The objective of the present study was to understand the effect of calcium chloride on geotechnical properties of black cotton soil. Black cotton soil collected from Siraguppa taluk, Bellary. It was subjected to various concentrations of calcium chloride viz. 0.1 N, 0.5 N, 1.0 N, 2.0 N and 4.0 N. Attempt was made to understand the effect of calcium chloride on index properties and engineering properties of black cotton soil. It was observed that the values of liquid limit, plastic limit and plasticity index of the soil treated with calcium chloride was decreasing with increase in concentration. Further the treated soil was investigated for compaction test. It was observed that the maximum dry density of the soil was increasing at higher concentrations. However, no remarkable changes were observed in the values of optimum moisture content with increase in concentration of calcium chloride. The laboratory investigation was made to obtain the unconfined compression strength (UCS) of treated soil. The soil was cured for 1 day, 7, 14 and 28 days. It was observed that the values of UCS were increasing with increase in concentration at any curing period. The soil was further tested to obtain the effect of calcium chloride on permeability of treated soil. It was observed that the permeability is increasing with increase in concentrations of 0 N, 0.5 N, and 4.0 N.

scholarly journals The effect of randomly distributed natural fibers on some geotechnical characteristics of a lateritic soil

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. Lawer ◽  
S. I. K. Ampadu ◽  
F. Owusu-Nimo
Keyword(s):  
Natural Fibers ◽  
Road Construction ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
Lateritic Soil ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Ratio Test ◽  
Maximum Dry Density ◽  
Unconfined Compression Test ◽  
Palm Fiber ◽  
Geotechnical Characteristics

AbstractWeak lateritic subgrades are more often than not encountered during road construction in Ghana. This makes it necessary to find economically efficient ways to improve the engineering properties of these marginal lateritic soils. The objective of this study is to investigate the effects of coconut fiber (30 mm, 60 mm and 90 mm fiber lengths) and palm fiber on some geotechnical characteristics of a weak lateritic subgrade. The lateritic soil was collected from the KNUST campus and blended with various percentages of the fibers varying between 0.1 and 1.0% by weight of dry soil. The mixed materials were then subjected to various laboratory tests including compaction, unconfined compression test and 4-day-soaked California bearing ratio test. From the results, it was observed that increasing the fiber content decreased the maximum dry density and increased the optimum moisture content. The inclusion of the fiber increased the soaked CBR from 7 to a maximum of 18, 22, and 25 at 30 mm, 60 mm and 90 mm fiber lengths, respectively. The unconfined compressive strength also increased from 140 to a maximum of 353 kPa, 398 kPa and 447 kPa, respectively, for 30 mm, 60 mm and 90 mm fiber lengths. Similarly, palm fiber inclusion recorded maximum soaked CBR value of 14% and UCS value of 352 kPa. These peak values were obtained at optimum fiber contents of 0.2%.

Experimental Study to Investigate Dune Sand Improvement by Adding Fine Waste Materials

2021 ◽  
Vol 902 ◽  
pp. 153-159
Author(s):  
Mohsin Usman Qureshi ◽  
Ghassan Alkindi ◽  
Maryam Alsaidi
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Void Ratio ◽  
Geotechnical Properties ◽  
Waste Materials ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Dune Sand ◽  
Maximum Dry Density ◽  
Reservoir Sediment ◽  
Geotechnical Characteristics ◽  
Marble Waste

Dune sands are poorly graded collapsible soils lacking fines. This experimental study explored the possibility of sustainable invigoration of fine waste materials in dune sand to improve the geotechnical properties. The fine wastes used in this study are reservoir sediments and marble waste powder. The fine waste powder was mixed with dune sand at different percentages (5, 10, 25, 50%) to study the gradation, void ratio and, compaction characteristics. A machine has been manufactured to elucidate the maximum void ratio using a developed and manufactured linear-axis 3D clay printer arm. The geotechnical properties of sand-waste mixes delineated in this study reveals the enhancement in compaction and gradation characteristics of dune sand. According to the results, the binary mixture of dune sand with 25% of marble waste and 50% of reservoir sediment gives the highest maximum dry density. Thus, for improving dune sand’s geotechnical characteristics, the addition of fine marble waste and reservoir sediment to the dune sand is an environment-friendly solution.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Compacted Laterite Soil Admixed with Cement and Hair Fibres as Road Construction Material

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Johnson Rotimi OLUREMI ◽  
Solomon Idowu Adedokun ◽  
Paul Yohanna ◽  
David A. Fadiran ◽  
Idris O. Azeez
Keyword(s):  
Classification System ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Road Construction ◽  
Soil Classification ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Geotechnical Properties ◽  
Lateritic Soil ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Maximum Dry Density

A natural lateritic soil classified as A-5 (4) based on American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) soil classification system and ML-CL according to Unified Soil Classification System (USCS), was admixed with ordinary Portland cement and synthetic hair fibres (SHF) was evaluated as road construction material. Soil test specimens were made by admixing lateritic soil with up to 4% cement  in 1 % step concentration and up to 12% SHF in step concentration of 2 % by dry weight of the soil and were subjected to British Standard Light (BSL) or Standard Proctor method of compaction, unconfined compressive strength (UCS) and California bearing ratio (CBR) tests. Results indicated a decrease in the values of optimum moisture content (OMC) while no general trend was established for maximum dry density (MDD). The values of UCS and CBR increased as the content of both cement and SHF increased. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) of the results shows some level of statistical significance on some geotechnical properties considered. Regression analysis on the results using Minitab R15 software shows that MDD, OMC, cement and SHF significantly influenced the UCS and CBR values of the stabilized soil with correlation coefficient value (R2) of 82.9 and 83.3% respectively. Based on the results, an optimal blend of 3% cement 9% SHF significantly improved  the soil properties and is recommended  for improving the geotechnical properties of cement/synthetic hair fibre treated lateritic soil as road construction material.

Effect of Lime on Compaction, Strength and Consolidation Characteristics of Pontian Marine Clay

2015 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Siaw Yah Chong ◽  
Khairul Anuar Kassim
Keyword(s):  
Construction Material ◽  
Soft Clay ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Marine Clay ◽  
Maximum Dry Density ◽  
Stabilization Phase ◽  
Compaction Curve ◽  
Stabilized Soil

Marine clay is a problematic construction material, which is often encountered in Malaysian coastal area. Previous researchers showed that lime stabilization effectively enhanced the engineering properties of clay. For soft clay, both strength and consolidation characteristics are equally important to be fully understood for design purpose. This paper presented the effect of lime on compaction, strength and consolidation characteristics of Pontian marine clay. Compaction, unconfined compression, direct shear, Oedometer and falling head permeability tests were conducted on unstabilized and lime stabilized samples at various ages. Specimens were prepared by compaction method based on 95 percent maximum dry density at the wetter side of compaction curve. It was found that lime successfully increased the strength, stiffness and workability of Pontian marine clay; however, the permeability was reduced. Unconfined compressive strength of stabilized soil was increased by 49 percent at age of 56 days whereas compressibility and permeability was reduced by 48 and 67 percent, respectively. From laboratory tests, phenomenon of inconsistency in engineering characteristics was observed for lime stabilized samples below age of 28 days. This strongly proved that lime stabilized soil underwent modification phase before stabilization phase which provided the long term improvement.

scholarly journals Multivariate Assessment of California Bearing Ratio with Contrasted Geotechnical Properties of Soils in Ilorin-Lokoja Highway

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Attah Fakeye ◽  
Olusegun Ige ◽  
Olufemi Ogunsanwo
Keyword(s):  
Road Construction ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Coarse Sand ◽  
Plasticity Index ◽  
California Bearing Ratio ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Maximum Dry Density ◽  
Free Swell

California Bearing Ratio (CBR) is an important parameter used in designing pavement layers in road construction but testing this parameter requires time, labor, and huge cost. The study therefore applies multivariate approach to evaluate CBR based on contrasted geotechnical parameters along Ilorin-Lokoja highway. The results obtained showed that the migmatite-gneiss-derived soils are slightly more fines (< 0.075 mm; 7.4–59.6%), more plastic (PI; 1.6–39%), and have low strength (MDD = 1.8 mg/m3; CBR = 29.0%) than the metasediments (11–57.7%, 2.0–30%, 1.6 mg/m3, 23.6%) and older granite soils (8.2–32.7%, 2.6–13.4%, 1.7 mg/m3, 27.8%), respectively. The principal component analysis (PCA) revealed three major components (eigenvalues >1) which accounted for 83.8% of the total variance at the rate of 33.4, 14.7, and 11.4%. Major contributing variables for the components were fines (R = 0.87), plasticity index (R = 0.7), and coarse sand (R = 0.67%). Spatial distribution of these groups established interplay of sediment-gradation and moisture-connection evident in hierarchical cluster analysis that revealed patterns of homogeneity and soil relationships. Regression analysis established five models from predictor variables such as fines, activity, free swell, liquid and plastic limits, weighted plasticity index, optimum moisture content, and maximum dry density with the coefficient of determination (R2 = 0.33) and root mean square error (RMSE) of 7.80.

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