Long-term settlement of soft subsoil clay under rectangular or semi-sinusoidal repeated loading of low amplitude

2010 ◽  
Vol 47 (11) ◽  
pp. 1259-1270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ya-Yuan Hu
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Loading ◽  
The Road ◽  
Equivalent Time ◽  
Total Settlement ◽  
Fluid Coupling ◽  
Low Amplitude ◽  
Ultimate Settlement ◽  
Theoretical Foundations ◽  
Soft Subsoil

By applying Yin and Graham’s one-dimensional (1-D) equivalent-time rheological model, which can predict both primary and secondary settlement, the expressions for calculating the long-term subsoil settlement under rectangular or semi-sinusoidal repeated loading of low amplitude are obtained without considering the fluid–solid coupling. A property has been proven that ultimate settlement of clay is independent of stress increasing history under 1-D conditions. According to this property, the expressions are derived considering the solid–fluid coupling to approximately calculate the long-term total settlement and the long-term settlement of soft subsoil clay after construction of the road embankment. Because the expressions of the long-term settlement are analytical solutions in the present paper, they can not only avoid cumulative calculation errors in the numerical analysis, but also have more solid theoretical foundations than empirical equations.

scholarly journals The implications of vehicle collisions for the Endangered endemic Zanzibar red colobus Piliocolobus kirkii

Oryx ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Harry Olgun ◽  
Mzee Khamis Mohammed ◽  
Abbas Juma Mzee ◽  
M. E. Landry Green ◽  
Tim R. B. Davenport ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Road Ecology ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Red Colobus ◽  
Vehicle Collisions ◽  
The Road ◽  
Life History Data ◽  
Natural Predation ◽  
Historical Accounts ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Roads affect wildlife in a variety of negative ways. Road ecology studies have mostly concentrated on areas in the northern hemisphere despite the potentially greater impact of roads on biodiversity in tropical habitats. Here, we examine 4 years (January 2016–December 2019) of opportunistic observations of mammalian roadkill along a road intersecting Jozani-Chwaka Bay National Park, Unguja, Zanzibar. In particular, we assess the impact of collisions on the population of an endemic primate, the Endangered Zanzibar red colobus Piliocolobus kirkii. Primates accounted for the majority of roadkill in this dataset. Monthly rainfall was not associated with roadkill frequency for mammals generally, nor for the Zanzibar red colobus. No single age–sex class of colobus was found dead more often than expected given their occurrence in the local population. The overall effect of roadkill on colobus populations in habitats fragmented by roads is unknown given the lack of accurate, long-term life history data for this species. Our findings suggest that mortality from collisions with vehicles in some groups of colobus is within the range of mortality rates other primates experience under natural predation. Unlike natural predators, however, vehicles do not kill selectively, so their impact on populations may differ. Although a comparison with historical accounts suggests that the installation of speedbumps along the road near the Park's entrance has led to a significant decrease in colobus roadkill, further actions to mitigate the impact of the road could bring substantial conservation benefits.

The Study on Preventing Users Electic Larceny

2014 ◽  
Vol 602-605 ◽  
pp. 2939-2942
Author(s):  
Ying Ying Yang ◽  
Yi Shan ◽  
Zhi Tong Liu ◽  
Jian Feng Li ◽  
Jing Jin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electric Power ◽  
Power Supply ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
The Road ◽  
Energy Meter ◽  
Power Means ◽  
Long Time

For a long time,users electic larceny has been a headache topic of the electric power department.The users long-term electic larceny has brought great economic loss to the power supply department.In recent years,the stealing power means are emerging in an endless stream,and they have been broght mant difficulties to prevent electic larceny.But the road is high one feet evil spirite is high one a unit of lengh, according to the study on electic energy meter,we will understand the electic larceny means at the sours.Therefore, further study of stealing power means is also our current priority,only the better anti-stealing electic power means, can be completely blocked leak.

scholarly journals Automatic synchronisation of the cell cycle in budding yeast through closed-loop feedback control

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Giansimone Perrino ◽  
Sara Napolitano ◽  
Francesca Galdi ◽  
Antonella La Regina ◽  
Davide Fiore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Genetic System ◽  
Yeast Cells ◽  
Control Engineering ◽  
Loop Feedback ◽  
Experimental Approaches ◽  
Closed Loop Feedback ◽  
Theoretical Foundations

AbstractThe cell cycle is the process by which eukaryotic cells replicate. Yeast cells cycle asynchronously with each cell in the population budding at a different time. Although there are several experimental approaches to synchronise cells, these usually work only in the short-term. Here, we build a cyber-genetic system to achieve long-term synchronisation of the cell population, by interfacing genetically modified yeast cells with a computer by means of microfluidics to dynamically change medium, and a microscope to estimate cell cycle phases of individual cells. The computer implements a controller algorithm to decide when, and for how long, to change the growth medium to synchronise the cell-cycle across the population. Our work builds upon solid theoretical foundations provided by Control Engineering. In addition to providing an avenue for yeast cell cycle synchronisation, our work shows that control engineering can be used to automatically steer complex biological processes towards desired behaviours similarly to what is currently done with robots and autonomous vehicles.

أثر محددات الاستثمار في الاقتصاد العراقي للمدة (2004-2018) ، دراسة قياسية

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
مهند المحمدي ◽  
محمد الحياني
Keyword(s):  
Error Correction ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Economic Thought ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Equilibrium Relationship ◽  
Cointegration Tests ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Standard Models ◽  
Theoretical Foundations

The research aims to measure and analyze the determinants of investment in the Iraqi economy and study the theoretical foundations of investment and analyze the viewpoint of the most important schools of economic thought regarding investment and investment determinants and their effects on economic activity , and by using possible standard models as the results of standard analysis using the joint integration tests of time series . cointegration tests, they have proven the existence of a long-term equilibrium relationship according to the methodology of the results of estimating the short and long-term parameters and the error correction parameter(ECM) , it is moving from a set of explanatory variables towards The dependent variable, while the value of the error correction vector coefficient was negative and significant , as it reached (-0.59%) , which means the fulfillment of the two basic conditions in this parameter , namely : its negative value and the statistical significance . This means that (0.59) of the short-term errors are automatically corrected during the unit of time (year) to reach the equilibrium in the long term, meaning that the investment requires about less then a year (1.6) , that is , approximately a year and 6 days to reach its equilibrium value in the long term , In other words , the previous period deviates from the long-term equilibrium and is corrected in the current by (59%) . This indicates that the adjustment in the model was relatively fast .

scholarly journals The road to achieving the long-term Paris targets: energy transition and the role of direct air capture

2017 ◽  
Vol 144 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriana Marcucci ◽  
Socrates Kypreos ◽  
Evangelos Panos
Keyword(s):  
Energy Transition ◽  
The Road ◽  
Direct Air Capture ◽  
Air Capture

scholarly journals A case study of combined winter road snow plowing and de-icer spreading

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (12) ◽  
pp. 1005-1013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivier Quirion-Blais ◽  
André Langevin ◽  
Martin Trépanier
Keyword(s):  
Neighborhood Search ◽  
Problem Analysis ◽  
Winter Maintenance ◽  
The Road ◽  
Snow Plowing ◽  
Winter Road ◽  
Turn Restrictions ◽  
Maintenance Problem

In this article, we address a winter maintenance problem where the streets need to be plowed and gritted in a sequence that depends on the class of the road. The maintenance fleet includes vehicles equipped for plowing, some for spreading, and some for both at once. The objective is to complete the operations as rapidly as possible while considering street hierarchy, turn restrictions, heterogeneous speeds, and street–vehicle compatibility. An adaptive large neighborhood search framework is developed to solve the problem. Analysis of the results obtained can provide both a good basis for vehicle routing and help managers plan long-term policies and investments.

scholarly journals Cyber-yeast: Automatic synchronisation of the cell cycle in budding yeast through closed-loop feedback control

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giansimone Perrino ◽  
Sara Napolitano ◽  
Francesca Galdi ◽  
Antonella La Regina ◽  
Davide Fiore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Genetic System ◽  
Yeast Cells ◽  
Control Engineering ◽  
Loop Feedback ◽  
Experimental Approaches ◽  
Closed Loop Feedback ◽  
Theoretical Foundations

ABSTRACTThe cell cycle is the process by which eukaryotic cells replicate. Yeast cells cycle asynchronously with each cell in the population budding at a different time. Although there are several experimental approaches to “synchronise” cells, these work only in the short-term. Here, we built a cyber-genetic system to achieve long-term synchronisation of the cell population, by interfacing genetically modified yeast cells with a computer by means of microfluidics to dynamically change medium, and a microscope to estimate cell cycle phases of individual cells. The computer implements a “controller” algorithm to decide when, and for how long, to change the growth medium to synchronise the cell-cycle across the population. Our work builds upon solid theoretical foundations provided by Control Engineering. In addition to providing a new avenue for yeast cell cycle synchronisation, our work shows that computers can automatically steer complex biological processes towards desired behaviours similarly to what is currently done with robots and autonomous vehicles.

scholarly journals Recent Progress in Long-term Stability of Perovskite Solar Cells

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 52-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyedali Emami ◽  
Luísa Andrade ◽  
Adélio Mendes
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Power Conversion ◽  
Perovskite Solar Cells ◽  
Term Stability ◽  
The Road ◽  
Long Term Stability ◽  
Nanostructured Thin Film ◽  
Thin Film Photovoltaics

Perovskite solar cells made a huge breakthrough among the nanostructured thin film photovoltaics. They exhibited certified power conversion efficiency (PCE) as high 24 % in 2015. A vast amount of research were spent on improvement of PCE and lowering the fabrication process temperature, resulting in outstanding outcomes in these areas. In contrast, the long-term stability and commercialization of these devices were not well studied. The review briefly summaries the challenges of perovskite solar cells in the road of stabilization and commercialization.

scholarly journals The Road to Sustainable Development: Existing Problems and Solutions

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (09) ◽  
pp. 91-95
Author(s):  
Kaustubh Jain
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Biodiversity Loss ◽  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
The Road ◽  
Existing Problems ◽  
Problems And Solutions ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Impact

The debate about developing countries having to choose between economic growth and biodiversity protection has been going on for a long time. This paper sought to add to existing literature written on that topic by exploring the relationship between economic growth and biodiversity loss. It argued that in the long term, developing countries need to protect biodiversity as a prerequisite for economic growth to occur and that the severe impact of biodiversity loss on vulnerable indigenous communities is a reason enough to make the protection of biodiversity a priority. The researcher first identified the primary reasons for why biodiversity occurs, then advocated for the prevention of biodiversity by exploring two impacts of biodiversity loss: the impact on indigenous communities and the impact on economic growth. The paper then briefly also explained the policies that both governments, as well as nongovernment actors, can implement in order to tackle biodiversity loss and protect our environment.

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