Performance of a high precision multi-point borehole extensometer in soft rock

1976 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 172-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. D. K. Smith ◽  
J. B. Burland
Keyword(s):  
High Precision ◽  
Soft Rock ◽  
Accurate Method ◽  
Sensing System ◽  
Modified Method ◽  
Deformation Properties ◽  
New System

A simple and accurate method of measuring relative displacements along a borehole using circular magnets as markers and reed switches as sensors has been developed and is now widely used.This note describes a new precise sensing system which is easily assembled and installed, together with a modified method of placing magnets. Details are given of the performance of the new system over a 2 year period for an investigation into the deformation properties of an heavily loaded week rock.

Localization of Sound Sources in Normal Hearing and in Hearing Impaired People

2011 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 683-694 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marek Niewiarowicz ◽  
Tomasz Kaczmarek
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Noise ◽  
Normal Hearing ◽  
Hearing Impaired ◽  
Directional Hearing ◽  
Sound Sources ◽  
Hearing Ability ◽  
Modified Method ◽  
Noise Type ◽  
Impaired People ◽  
New System

Abstract This article presents results of investigations of the angle of directional hearing acuity (ADHA) as a measure of the spatial hearing ability with a special emphasis on people with hearing impairments. A modified method proposed by Zakrzewski has been used - ADHA values have been determined for 8 azimuths in the horizontal plane at the height of the listeners' head. The two-alternative-forced-choice method (2AFC), based on a new system of listeners' responses (left - right instead of no difference - difference in location of sound sources) was the procedure used in the experiment. Investigations were carried out for two groups of subjects: normal hearing people (9 persons) and hearing impaired people (sensorineural hearing loss and tinnitus - 9 persons). In the experiment different acoustic signals were used: sinusoidal signals (pure tones), 1/3 octave noise, amplitude modulated 1/3 octave noise, CCITT speech and traffic noises and signals corresponding to personal character of tinnitus for individual subjects. The results obtained in the investigations showed, in general, a better localization of the sound source for noise type signals than those for tonal signals. Inessential differences exist in ADHA values for particular signals between the two groups of subjects. On the other hand, significant differences for tinnitus signals and traffic noise signals were stated. A new system of listeners' responses was used and appeared efficient (less dispersion of results compared to the standard system).

scholarly journals Molecular Modeling and In Vitro Studies of a Neutral Oxime as a Potential Reactivator for Acetylcholinesterase Inhibited by Paraoxon

Molecules ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (11) ◽  
pp. 2954 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reuel de Paula ◽  
Joyce de Almeida ◽  
Samir Cavalcante ◽  
Arlan Gonçalves ◽  
Alessandro Simas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Modeling ◽  
Accurate Method ◽  
Docking Studies ◽  
Theoretical Studies ◽  
Modified Method ◽  
Decision Methods ◽  
In Vitro Inhibition ◽  
Mcdm Method ◽  
Selection Of

The present work aimed to compare the small, neutral and monoaromatic oxime, isatin-3-oxime (isatin-O), to the commercial ones, pralidoxime (2-PAM) and obidoxime, in a search for a new potential reactivator for acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibited by the pesticide paraoxon (AChE/POX) as well as a novel potential scaffold for further synthetic modifications. The multicriteria decision methods (MCDM) allowed the identification of the best docking poses of those molecules inside AChE/POX for further molecular dynamic (MD) studies, while Ellman’s modified method enabled in vitro inhibition and reactivation assays. In corroboration with the theoretical studies, our experimental results showed that isatin-O have a reactivation potential capable of overcoming 2-PAM at the initial moments of the assay. Despite not achieving better results than obidoxime, this molecule is promising for being an active neutral oxime with capacity of crossing the blood–brain barrier (BBB), to reactivate AChE/POX inside the central and peripheral nervous systems. Moreover, the fact that isatin-O can also act as anticonvulsant makes this molecule a possible multipotent reactivator. Besides, the MCDM method showed to be an accurate method for the selection of the best docking poses generated in the docking studies.

scholarly journals Numerical Analysis of Soil Improvement for a Foundation of a Factory Using Stone Columns Made of Different Types of Coarse-grained Materials

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jakub Stacho ◽  
Monika Sulovska
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Analysis ◽  
Accurate Determination ◽  
Soil Improvement ◽  
Coarse Grained ◽  
Stone Columns ◽  
Modified Method ◽  
Geological Conditions ◽  
Deformation Properties ◽  
Final Settlement ◽  
The Impact

Stone columns made of coarse-grained materials and crushed stone are one of the most-used technologies for soil improvement all over the world. Stone columns improve the strength and deformation properties of subsoil and reduce the time required for the consolidation of fine-grained soils. The impact of the improvement depends on the properties of the original subsoil as well as the properties of the coarse-grained materials used for the stone columns. The article deals with the effects of the properties of coarse-grained materials for stone columns on the settlement and consolidation times of improved subsoil for the foundation of a factory. Numerical modeling as a 2D task was performed using Plaxis geotechnical software. The numerical analysis included two methods of modeling stone columns in a plane strain model, i.e., one method often used by practical engineers in the region of Slovakia, and one modified method, which allowed for a more accurate determination of the final settlement and consolidation time. The method modeled stone columns as continuous walls, and the compaction of the soil between the stone columns was taken into account. The results showed that the type of coarse-grained material can significantly affect the final settlement and time of consolidation. Stone columns made of quarry stone were suitable in the given geological conditions regardless of the design of the mesh, while stone columns made of pebble gravel were suitable only with a mesh of 1.5 x 1.5 m.

A novel demodulation scheme for high precision quasi-distributed sensing system based on chaotic fiber laser

2015 ◽  
Vol 233 ◽  
pp. 427-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Zhang ◽  
Lingzhen Yang ◽  
Huanhuan Yang ◽  
Li Zhang ◽  
Juanfen Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fiber Laser ◽  
High Precision ◽  
Distributed Sensing ◽  
Sensing System

An accurate method for determination of the performance characteristics of membrane-type restrictors

2018 ◽  
Vol 233 (5) ◽  
pp. 692-701 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Pan ◽  
Yongtao Zhang ◽  
Changhou Lu
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Accurate Method ◽  
Performance Characteristics ◽  
Coupled Equations ◽  
Modified Method ◽  
Fluid Resistance ◽  
Deformation Equation ◽  
Membrane Type ◽  
Gap Height

The determination of flow rate and fluid resistance for membrane-type restrictors is modified in this paper, and it can be more accurate and confident from the measurements in experiments. Three coupled equations including Reynolds equation, membrane deformation equation of large axisymmetric deflection and flow rate equation have been used to establish the mathematical model of membrane-type restrictor and solved simultaneously. Several cases are simulated by the traditional method and the modified numerical method, and the simulation results are compared with experimental data for flow rates and fluid resistances. It has been found that the determination of the performance characteristics of membrane-type restrictors is significantly affected by the hypotheses of membrane deflection scales, the pressures distribution and the gap height between the sill and membrane. The numerical results of the modified method are much more approximated to the actual flow rate measured in Kang et al.’s work than those of the traditional formula, and the proposed method can increase the determination accuracy of the flow rate and restriction coefficient in the design of membrane-type restrictors distinctly.

Auto-Calibration for Vision-Based 6-D Sensing System to Support Monitoring and Health Management for Industrial Robots

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guixiu Qiao ◽  
Guangkun Li
Keyword(s):  
High Precision ◽  
Health Management ◽  
Calibration Method ◽  
Industrial Robots ◽  
Smart Manufacturing ◽  
Robot Arm ◽  
Sensing System ◽  
Robot Accuracy ◽  
Robot Machining ◽  
Machining Robot

Abstract Industrial robots play important roles in manufacturing automation for smart manufacturing. Some high-precision applications, for example, robot drilling, robot machining, robot high-precision assembly, and robot inspection, require higher robot accuracy compared with traditional part handling operations. The monitoring and assessment of robot accuracy degradation become critical for these applications. A novel vision-based sensing system for 6-D measurement (six-dimensional x, y, z, yaw, pitch, and roll) is developed at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) to measure the dynamic high accuracy movement of a robot arm. The measured 6-D information is used for robot accuracy degradation assessment and improvement. This paper presents an automatic calibration method for a vision-based 6-D sensing system. The stereo calibration is separated from the distortion calibration to speed up the on-site adjustment. Optimization algorithms are developed to achieve high calibration accuracy. The vision-based 6-D sensing system is used on a Universal Robots (UR5) to demonstrate the feasibility of using the system to assess the robot’s accuracy degradation.

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