OPTIMIZATION OF ICE START-STOP BASED ON MPC FOR AN HEV TO IMPROVE FUEL ECONOMY

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 355-374
Author(s):  
Aiyun Gao ◽  
Xiaozhong Deng ◽  
Zhumu Fu ◽  
Mingzhu Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engine ◽  
Predictive Control ◽  
Fuel Economy ◽  
Hybrid Electric Vehicle ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Fuel Efficiency ◽  
Optimization Method ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Operating Points

To improve hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) fuel efficiency further, the decision as to whether the internal combustion engine (ICE) should start or stop is important. This paper presents a novel optimization method of the ICE start-stop by using the model predictive control (MPC) based on equivalent consumption minimization strategy (ECMS). The optimization method and flow of the ICE start-stop are described in detail. Three torque-split control strategies are proposed for the comparison purpose. From the ICE operating points, the fuel consumption and the battery SOC, simulation results reveal that the transient MPC strategy with ICE start-stop has a huge potential for improving the overall fuel economy.

scholarly journals Model Predictive Control for Connected Hybrid Electric Vehicles

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaijiang Yu ◽  
Xiaozhuo Xu ◽  
Qing Liang ◽  
Zhiguo Hu ◽  
Junqi Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Model Predictive Control ◽  
Predictive Control ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Fuel Economy ◽  
Hybrid Electric Vehicle ◽  
Hybrid Electric Vehicles ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Fuel Efficiency ◽  
Computation Method ◽  
Hybrid Electric

This paper presents a new model predictive control system for connected hybrid electric vehicles to improve fuel economy. The new features of this study are as follows. First, the battery charge and discharge profile and the driving velocity profile are simultaneously optimized. One is energy management for HEV forPbatt; the other is for the energy consumption minimizing problem of acc control of two vehicles. Second, a system for connected hybrid electric vehicles has been developed considering varying drag coefficients and the road gradients. Third, the fuel model of a typical hybrid electric vehicle is developed using the maps of the engine efficiency characteristics. Fourth, simulations and analysis (under different parameters, i.e., road conditions, vehicle state of charge, etc.) are conducted to verify the effectiveness of the method to achieve higher fuel efficiency. The model predictive control problem is solved using numerical computation method: continuation and generalized minimum residual method. Computer simulation results reveal improvements in fuel economy using the proposed control method.

An adaptive equivalent consumption minimization strategy considering catalyst temperature for plug-in hybrid electric vehicle

2021 ◽  
pp. 095440702110434
Author(s):  
Tao Deng ◽  
Ke Zhao ◽  
Haoyuan Yu
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Fuel Economy ◽  
Hybrid Electric Vehicle ◽  
Test Procedure ◽  
Catalyst Temperature ◽  
Equivalent Factor ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Hybrid Electric ◽  
Equivalent Consumption Minimization Strategy

In the process of sufficiently considering fuel economy of plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV), the working time of engine will be reduced accordingly. The increased frequency that the three-way catalytic converter (TWCC) works in abnormal operating temperature will lead to the increasing of emissions. This paper proposes the equivalent consumption minimization strategy (ECMS) to ensure the catalyst temperature of PHEV can work in highly efficient areas, and the influence of catalyst temperature on fuel economy and emissions is considered. The simulation results show that the fixed equivalent factor of ECMS has great limitations for the underutilized battery power and the poor fuel economy. In order to further reduce fuel consumption and keep the emission unchanged, an equivalent factor map based on initial state of charge (SOC) and vehicle mileage is established by the genetic algorithm. Furthermore, an Adaptive changing equivalent factor is achieved by using the following strategy of SOC trajectory. Ultimately, adaptive equivalent consumption minimization strategy (A-ECMS) considering catalyst temperature is proposed. The simulation results show that compared with ordinary ECMS, HC, CO, and NOX are reduced by 14.6%, 20.3%, and 25.8%, respectively, which effectively reduces emissions. But the fuel consumption is increased by only 2.3%. To show that the proposed method can be used in actual driving conditions, it is tested on the World Light Vehicle Test Procedure (WLTC).

scholarly journals Plant and Controller Optimization for Power and Energy Systems With Model Predictive Control

2021 ◽  
Vol 143 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald J. Docimo ◽  
Ziliang Kang ◽  
Kai A. James ◽  
Andrew G. Alleyne
Keyword(s):  
Model Predictive Control ◽  
Predictive Control ◽  
Hybrid Electric Vehicle ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Thermal Dynamics ◽  
Plant Optimization ◽  
Power And Energy Systems ◽  
And Control

Abstract This article explores the optimization of plant characteristics and controller parameters for electrified mobility. Electrification of mobile transportation systems, such as automobiles and aircraft, presents the ability to improve key performance metrics such as efficiency and cost. However, the strong bidirectional coupling between electrical and thermal dynamics within new components creates integration challenges, increasing component degradation, and reducing performance. Diminishing these issues requires novel plant designs and control strategies. The electrified mobility literature provides prior studies on plant and controller optimization, known as control co-design (CCD). A void within these studies is the lack of model predictive control (MPC), recognized to manage multi-domain dynamics for electrified systems, within CCD frameworks. This article addresses this through three contributions. First, a thermo-electromechanical hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) powertrain model is developed that is suitable for both plant optimization and MPC. Second, simultaneous plant and controller optimization is performed for this multi-domain system. Third, MPC is integrated within a CCD framework using the candidate HEV powertrain model. Results indicate that optimizing both the plant and MPC parameters simultaneously can reduce physical component sizes by over 60% and key performance metric errors by over 50%.

Study of the Fuel Consumption of ECMS Applied to a HEV

2013 ◽  
Vol 712-715 ◽  
pp. 2173-2178
Author(s):  
Ping Sun ◽  
Xiu Min Yu ◽  
Wei Dong ◽  
Ling He
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Fuel Economy ◽  
Energy Flow ◽  
Hybrid Electric Vehicle ◽  
Fuel Efficiency ◽  
The Other ◽  
Power Sources ◽  
Analytical Formulation ◽  
Multiple Power

Hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) is integrated with the engine, the motor and the battery and so on. HEV has a significantly better fuel efficiency compared with conventional vehicles due to its multiple power sources. To evaluate fuel economy, HEV and its subsystem modeling methodologies were provided through the analysis of energy flow. The Equivalent Consumption Minimization Strategy (ECMS) was built based on the prototype. The ECMS implementation analytical formulation was developed. The equivalency factor, one for charging and the other for discharging, each of them was different during a driving cycle. In a certain drive, only a subset of them generates a trend close to zero, which indicates charge-sustainability.

scholarly journals Real-Time Co-optimization of Vehicle Route and Speed Using Generic Algorithm for Improved Fuel Economy

2019 ◽  
Vol 141 (03) ◽  
pp. S08-S15
Author(s):  
Guoming G. Zhu ◽  
Chengsheng Miao
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Fuel Economy ◽  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Hybrid Electric Vehicle ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Cruise Control ◽  
Vehicle Performance ◽  
Hybrid Electric

Making future vehicles intelligent with improved fuel economy and satisfactory emissions are the main drivers for current vehicle research and development. The connected and autonomous vehicles still need years or decades to be widely used in practice. However, some advanced technologies have been developed and deployed for the conventional vehicles to improve the vehicle performance and safety, such as adaptive cruise control (ACC), automatic parking, automatic lane keeping, active safety, super cruise, and so on. On the other hand, the vehicle propulsion system technologies, such as clean and high efficiency combustion, hybrid electric vehicle (HEV), and electric vehicle, are continuously advancing to improve fuel economy with satisfactory emissions for traditional internal combustion engine powered and hybrid electric vehicles or to increase cruise range for electric vehicles.

Optimization Method and Simulation Study of a Diesel Engine Using Full Variable Valve Motions

2017 ◽  
Vol 139 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Lu ◽  
Daniel B. Olsen
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Fuel Efficiency ◽  
Optimization Method ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Volumetric Efficiency ◽  
Engine Simulation ◽  
Valve Motion ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Variable Valve

Variable valve timing technologies for internal combustion engines are used to improve power, torque, and increase fuel efficiency. Details of a new solution are presented in this paper for optimizing valve motions of a full variable valve actuation (FVVA) system. The optimization is conducted at different speeds by varying full variable valve motion (variable exhaust open angle, intake close angle, velocity of opening and closing, overlap, dwell duration, and lift) parameters simultaneously; the final optimized valve motions of CY4102 diesel engine are given. The CY4102 diesel engine with standard cam drives is used in large quantities in Asia. An optimized electrohydraulic actuation motion used for the FVVA system is presented. The electrohydraulic actuation and optimized valve motions were applied to the CY4102 diesel engine and modeled using gt-power engine simulation software. Advantages in terms of volumetric efficiency, maximum power, brake efficiency, and fuel consumption are compared with baseline results. Simulation results show that brake power is improved between 12.8% and 19.5% and torque is improved by 10%. Brake thermal efficiency and volumetric efficiency also show improvement. Modeling and simulation results show significant advantages of the full variable valve motion over standard cam drives.

scholarly journals Control of Automotive Semi-Active MR Suspensions for In-Wheel Electric Vehicles

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (13) ◽  
pp. 4522 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauricio Anaya-Martinez ◽  
Jorge-de-J. Lozoya-Santos ◽  
L.C. Félix-Herrán ◽  
Juan-C. Tudon-Martinez ◽  
Ricardo-A. Ramirez-Mendoza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engine ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Vertical Control ◽  
Suspension Systems ◽  
Full Vehicle ◽  
Active Suspension Systems ◽  
Resonance Frequencies ◽  
Suspension Performances

In this work, four different semi-active controllers for a quarter of vehicle and full vehicles are evaluated and compared when used in internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles vs electric vehicles (EVs) with in-wheel motor configuration as a way to explore the use of semi-active suspension systems in this kind of EVs. First, the quarter of vehicle vertical dynamics is analyzed and then a full vehicle approach explores the effectiveness of the control strategies and the effects of the traction in the vertical Control performances. Aspects like the relation between traction and suspension performances, and the resonance frequencies are also discussed.

A Hybrid Internal Combustion Engine/Battery Electric Passenger Car for Petroleum Displacement

1988 ◽  
Vol 202 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
I Foster ◽  
J R Bumby
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engine ◽  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Hybrid Electric Vehicle ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Hybrid Car ◽  
Environmentally Sensitive Areas ◽  
Environmentally Sensitive ◽  
Internal Combustion Engine Vehicle

This paper examines the potential of the hybrid electric vehicle in substituting petroleum fuel by broad-based electrical energy. In particular a hybrid car is considered. The way in which the powertrain can be controlled and the effect component ratings have on achieving the petroleum substitution objective are described. It is shown that a hybrid vehicle can be designed that can achieve a petroleum substitution of between 20 and 70 per cent of the equivalent internal combustion engine vehicle, be capable of entering environmentally sensitive areas and yet be capable of a range at high and intermediate speeds that is limited only by the size of its fuel tank.

scholarly journals Optimal Degree of Hybridization for Spark-Ignited Engines with Optional Variable Valve Timings

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (23) ◽  
pp. 8151
Author(s):  
Andyn Omanovic ◽  
Norbert Zsiga ◽  
Patrik Soltic ◽  
Christopher Onder
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engine ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Fuel Economy ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Valve Train ◽  
Effective Measure ◽  
Optimal Degree ◽  
Variable Valve Train ◽  
Variable Valve

The electric hybridization of vehicles with an internal combustion engine is an effective measure to reduce CO2 emissions. However, the identification of the dimension and the sufficient complexity of the powertrain parts such as the engine, electric machine, and battery is not trivial. This paper investigates the influence of the technological advancement of an internal combustion engine and the sizing of all propulsion components on the optimal degree of hybridization and the corresponding fuel consumption reduction. Thus, a turbocharged and a naturally aspirated engine are both modeled with the additional option of either a fixed camshaft or a fully variable valve train. All models are based on data obtained from measurements on engine test benches. We apply dynamic programming to find the globally optimal operating strategy for the driving cycle chosen. Depending on the engine type, a reduction in fuel consumption by up to 32% is achieved with a degree of hybridization of 45%. Depending on the degree of hybridization, a fully variable valve train reduces the fuel consumption additionally by up to 9% and advances the optimal degree of hybridization to 50%. Furthermore, a sufficiently high degree of hybridization renders the gearbox obsolete, which permits simpler vehicle concepts to be derived. A degree of hybridization of 65% is found to be fuel optimal for a vehicle with a fixed transmission ratio. Its fuel economy diverges less than 4% from the optimal fuel economy of a hybrid electric vehicle equipped with a gearbox.

scholarly journals Comparisons of Real-World Vehicle Energy Efficiency with Dynamometer-Based Ratings and Simulation Models

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 161
Author(s):  
Karim Hamza ◽  
Kang-Ching Chu ◽  
Matthew Favetti ◽  
Peter Keene Benoliel ◽  
Vaishnavi Karanam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Fuel Economy ◽  
Real World ◽  
Hybrid Electric Vehicle ◽  
Energy Intensity ◽  
Hybrid Electric Vehicles ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Hybrid Electric

Software tools for fuel economy simulations play an important role during design stages of advanced powertrains. However, calibration of vehicle models versus real-world driving data faces challenges owing to inherent variations in vehicle energy efficiency across different driving conditions and different vehicle owners. This work utilizes datasets of vehicles equipped with OBD/GPS loggers to validate and calibrate FASTSim (software originally developed by NREL) vehicle models. The results show that window-sticker ratings (derived from dynamometer tests) can be reasonably accurate when averaged across many trips by different vehicle owners, but successfully calibrated FASTSim models can have better fidelity. The results in this paper are shown for nine vehicle models, including the following: three battery-electric vehicles (BEVs), four plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs), one hybrid electric vehicle (HEV), and one conventional internal combustion engine (CICE) vehicle. The calibrated vehicle models are able to successfully predict the average trip energy intensity within ±3% for an aggregate of trips across multiple vehicle owners, as opposed to within ±10% via window-sticker ratings or baseline FASTSim.

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