Theoretical investigation of experimentally determined α-εffects — The role of electronics

2011 ◽  
Vol 89 (11) ◽  
pp. 1343-1354 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Afzal ◽  
K.R. Fountain
Keyword(s):  
Free Energy ◽  
Energy Surface ◽  
Methyl Formate ◽  
Electronic Effects ◽  
Linear Free Energy ◽  
High Level ◽  
Sn2 Pathway ◽  
Fluorinated Alkoxides

Recent experimental reports involving both α-nucleophiles and normal nucleophiles have reported both the presence and absence of an α-effect. In ester systems, such as dimethylmethylphosphonate (DMMP), a small α-effect is reported, but the reference point is a stationary point of the potential energy surface that must rearrange to acquire the near attack conformation (NAC) necessary for the Sn2 pathway to proceed. The second type of study involves use of highly fluorinated alkoxides as normal nucleophiles and reports no α-effect. This paper employs linear free energy plots in an investigation of electronic effects in methyl formate SN2 reactions, using high-level computations of transition states for determination of energy barriers.

scholarly journals The Position of Neutrophils-To-Lymphocytes and Lymphocytes-To-Platelets Ratio as Predictive Markers of Progression and Prognosis in Patients with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. 1382-1386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Plamen Minkov ◽  
Maya Gulubova ◽  
Petar Chilingirov ◽  
Julian Ananiev
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Small Cell Lung Cancer ◽  
Cell Lung Cancer ◽  
Small Cell ◽  
Small Cell Lung ◽  
Fast Determination ◽  
High Level ◽  
Quick Determination

BACKGROUND: Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is an insidious metastasis condition of the lungs often presenting no symptoms at the onset. Defining markers for quick determination of prognosis is essential for building up a treatment strategy.AIM: The aim of this study is to define the role of the Neutrophils-to-Lymphocytes ratio (NLR) and Platelets-to- Lymphocytes ratio (PLR) as biomarkers in patients with NSCLC, according to the stage and prognosis of the disease.METHODS: We investigated 20 patients with NSCLC. NLR and PLR are calculated and are evaluated according to the presence or absence of metastasis, stage of the disease, histological type and survival rate.RESULTS: We found that thirteen of the patients had low NLR, while the rest 7 had high NLR (mean 3.15). By analysing PLR we found that 11 patients have low and 9 have high level of PLR (mean 1.42). After the correlations have been made we discovered that in 90.1% of the patients with low PLR no lymph metastasises were detected, while in 50% of the patients with high PLR lymph metastasises were observed (c2 = 3.99; P = 0.046). We also discovered that in 84.6% of the patients with low NLR lymph metastases were absent, while in 42.9% with high NLR lymph metastasises were present (c 2 = 1.83; P = 0.176).CONCLUSION: In conclusion, NLR and PLR were discovered as prominent biomarkers which provide relatively fast determination for prognosis in patients with NSCLC.

scholarly journals Peculiarities of technical and tactical actions of female volleyball players of different playing roles of VK “Muroy”

2020 ◽  
pp. 86-93
Author(s):  
E. Strikalenko ◽  
O. Shalar ◽  
R. Andrieieva ◽  
I. Zhosan
Keyword(s):  
Training System ◽  
Video Recordings ◽  
Competitive Activity ◽  
Volleyball Players ◽  
High Level ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Women's Volleyball

The aim is to study the peculiarities of technical and tactical actions of volleyball players of various playing roles of the VK "Murov" team. Material and Methods: The study involved 14 players of various playing roles, playing in the women's volleyball team "Murov" (Azerbaijan). All volleyball players have a high level of fitness and have participated in competitions of various levels. The age range of female volleyball players ranges from 18 years old (libero) to 28 years old (binder). The most experienced in the team are the tie players (26 years old) and the least the libero (19 years old). Study duration: December 2019 February 2020. In the course of the study, the following methods were used: analysis of video recordings of the games of the women's volleyball team "Murov", which were recorded during the Azerbaijan championship competitions of the 2019-2020 season; methods for assessing technical and tactical actions during competitive activity; methods of mathematical statistics. Results. It has been experimentally proved that the level of technical and tactical readiness of high-class volleyball players significantly differs depending on the playing role. The largest number of attacking strikes falls on the diagonal players (20-25 strikes per game), and the efficiency of their execution is better for the central blockers (60-75%). Identical data were obtained when comparing the quantity and quality of blocking actions. The center blockers make 17 blocks on average, and the diagonal ones make 15 blocks. A significant advantage in receiving the ball is observed in the libero (from 37 to 40 receptions per game). The effectiveness and number of feeds depends on the complexity of their implementation. The largest total number of TTDs (about 78 actions) and the number of transfers from above (about 50 transfers) falls on the main conductor of the team  of the connecting player. Conclusions: the role of universal training of female volleyball players is more and more important, and the determination of the features of competitive activity and the development of the necessary arsenal of technical and tactical actions of players of all playing roles is the leading direction in modern volleyball. However, the question of improving the training system in volleyball and the problem of early selection of female volleyball players, as well as the universalization of their TTD to perform the most useful functions during the game, remains unresolved. All the above is a prospect for further research.

scholarly journals Role of additional education organisations and core classes in the choice of future profession: research experience

2019 ◽  
pp. 15-20
Author(s):  
Anna G. Samohvalova ◽  
Aleksandr R. Naumov ◽  
Anna V. Vorontsova
Keyword(s):  
Vocational Guidance ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Guidance System ◽  
Research Experience ◽  
Professional Self ◽  
Personal Qualities ◽  
High Level ◽  
Additional Education

The article is devoted to presenting the experience of studying the influence of various forms of pre-vocational training on the profession choice by the Kostroma Region's first and second-year students. The article presents a description of the statistical data; options and motivation for the profession choice by young students; the role of additional education organisations in the choice of a future profession; the role of school core classes in choosing a future profession; degree of students' satisfaction with the choice of future profession.The authors come to conclusions about the late period of professional self-determination of respondents, about a rather high level of independence in professional choice; however, also about the obviously insufficient role of various forms of pre-vocational education in the process of professional self-determination. The authors note that the influence of additional education is critical to the development of various personal qualities of students, but it virtually does not affect their professional choice. The specialised classes are neither effective as atool for vocational guidance. A large proportion of respondents complain about the absence of core classes at their school, and many of those who had studied in the core class, regret that today. What the authors try to present their research as, is conclusion about the need for serious transformations in the vocational guidance system of Kostroma Region.

Double Geminal C−H Activation and Reversible α-Elimination in 2-Aminopyridine Iridium(III) Complexes:  The Role of Hydrides and Solvent in Flattening the Free Energy Surface

2004 ◽  
Vol 126 (28) ◽  
pp. 8795-8804 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Clot ◽  
Junyi Chen ◽  
Dong-Heon Lee ◽  
So Young Sung ◽  
Leah N. Appelhans ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Free Energy ◽  
Energy Surface ◽  
Free Energy Surface
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