IRRADIATION OF AQUEOUS CHLORAL HYDRATE SOLUTIONS WITH Co60 GAMMA-RAYS: AVERAGE LIFETIME OF THE FREE RADICAL CHAINS

1954 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 322-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. R. Freeman ◽  
A. B. Van Cleave ◽  
J. W. T. Spinks
Keyword(s):  
Free Radical ◽  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Chloral Hydrate ◽  
Average Lifetime ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Radical Chain ◽  
A Chain ◽  
Co60 Gamma

When aqueous one molar chloral hydrate solutions are irradiated with X rays or gamma-rays, hydrochloric acid is produced. The reaction appears to be a chain reaction. The average free radical chain lifetime, as determined using a rotating sector, is approximately 0.1 sec.

IRRADIATION OF ONE MOLAR AQUEOUS CHLORAL HYDRATE SOLUTION WITH Co60-GAMMA-RAYS AND BETATRON X RAYS

1953 ◽  
Vol 31 (12) ◽  
pp. 1164-1172 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. R. Freeman ◽  
A. B. Van Cleave ◽  
J. W. T. Spinks
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Chloral Hydrate ◽  
Specific Yield ◽  
Square Root ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Peak Energy ◽  
Γ Rays ◽  
A Chain ◽  
Co60 Gamma

The production of acid by irradiation of 1 M chloral hydrate solutions is proportional to the dose at a given dose rate. The specific yield is the same for Co60 γ-rays as for 23 Mev. peak energy X rays and is a linear function of the inverse of the square root of the close rate. The reaction is apparently a chain reaction.

scholarly journals IRRADIATION OF CHLOROFORM–WATER SYSTEMS WITH CO60 GAMMA-RAYS AND BETATRON X RAYS

1954 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 522-531 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. Hummel ◽  
A. B. Van Cleave ◽  
J. W. T. Spinks
Keyword(s):  
Free Radical ◽  
Radiation Dose ◽  
Gamma Rays ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Water Systems ◽  
Specific Yield ◽  
Average Lifetime ◽  
Square Root ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Co60 Gamma

The production of acid from two commercial brands of chloroform, on exposure to Co60 gamma-rays and high energy X rays from a betatron, has been measured. Inhibitor-free chloroform liberates acid in amounts varying linearly with the radiation dose. The specific yield, in micromoles of acid produced per liter of chloroform per kiloroentgen, varies inversely as the square root of the dose rate. The specific yields are slightly less for betatron radiations, compared with Co60 gamma-rays. The average lifetime of the free radical chains is about one second.

IRRADIATION OF AQUEOUS CHLORAL HYDRATE WITH Sr90–Y90 BETA RAYS

1959 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 1022-1028 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. F. Platford ◽  
J. W. T. Spinks
Keyword(s):  
Free Radical ◽  
Rate Constants ◽  
Chloral Hydrate ◽  
Average Lifetime ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Radical Chain ◽  
Acid Yield ◽  
Initial Concentration ◽  
Free Radical Chain Reaction ◽  
Radical Chain Reaction

Air-saturated aqueous chloral hydrate has been irradiated with beta rays and the acid yield as determined by titration has been studied as a function of dose rate, temperature, and initial concentration of the chloral hydrate.The average lifetime of the intermediates has been found, by means of the rotating sector technique, to be about 0.5 second. Propagation and termination rate constants for the reaction have been calculated and an effort has been made to explain the results observed in terms of a free radical chain reaction.

THE ACTION OF Co60 GAMMA RAYS AND OF FENTON'S REAGENT ON AQUEOUS BROMAL HYDRATE SOLUTIONS

1957 ◽  
Vol 35 (12) ◽  
pp. 1475-1486 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Woods ◽  
J. W. T. Spinks
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Dose Rate ◽  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Hydrobromic Acid ◽  
Ferrous Sulphate ◽  
Fenton’S Reagent ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Fenton's Reagent ◽  
A Chain ◽  
Co60 Gamma

Aqueous bromal hydrate solutions have been irradiated with Co60 gamma rays and the production of acid measured. The effect of bromal hydrate concentration, dose rate, pH, and temperature upon the yield of acid has been determined. Major products of the radiolysis have been identified and are compared with those formed when aqueous bromal hydrate solutions are treated with Fenton's reagent, a mixture of hydrogen peroxide and ferrous sulphate solutions. It has been shown that Fenton's reagent will initiate a chain reaction in aqueous bromal hydrate solutions which produces hydrobromic acid.

The reaction of thionitrites with barton esters: a convenient free radical chain reaction for decarboxylative nitrosation

Tetrahedron ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 55 (12) ◽  
pp. 3573-3584 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre Girard ◽  
Nadine Guillot ◽  
William B. Motherwell ◽  
Robyn S. Hay-Motherwell ◽  
Pierre Potier
Keyword(s):  
Free Radical ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Radical Chain ◽  
Free Radical Chain Reaction ◽  
Radical Chain Reaction

Free radical chain reaction in the radiolysis and photolysis of isobutyl bromide

1970 ◽  
Vol 74 (10) ◽  
pp. 2074-2082 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donna K. Bakale ◽  
Hugh A. Gillis
Keyword(s):  
Free Radical ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Radical Chain ◽  
Free Radical Chain Reaction ◽  
Radical Chain Reaction

Absolute rate constants for hydrocarbon autoxidation. 33. A product study of the self-reaction of α-tetralylperoxyls in solution

1983 ◽  
Vol 61 (9) ◽  
pp. 2037-2043 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Baignée ◽  
J. H. B. Chenier ◽  
J. A. Howard
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Free Radical ◽  
Rate Constant ◽  
Rate Constants ◽  
The Self ◽  
Absolute Rate ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
A Chain ◽  
Product Study

The major initial products of the self-reaction of α-tetralylperoxyls (C10H11O2•) in chlorobenzene at 303–353 K are equal concentrations of α-tetralol and α-tetralone in ~90% yield based on the number of initiating radicals. These yields are consistent with the non-radical (Russell) mechanism for self-reaction. Low concentrations of bis(α-tetralyl) peroxide are produced, indicating that there is a small but detectable free-radical contribution towards termination. C10H11O2• undergoes β-scission in this temperature range but steady-state concentrations of C10H11• are too low to influence the termination rate constant 2kt, or react with C10H11O2• to give (C10H11O2. α-Tetralol to α-tetralone ratios and total yields of these products are significantly less than 1 and 100%, respectively, in methanol and acetonitrile. Formaldehyde is produced in methanol indicating the involvement of α-hydroxymethylperoxyls, derived from the solvent, in termination. There is no evidence for a chain reaction or a zwitterion intermediate for self-reaction of C10H11O2• in solution.

scholarly journals Molecular hydrogen regulates gene expression by modifying the free radical chain reaction-dependent generation of oxidized phospholipid mediators

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katsuya Iuchi ◽  
Akemi Imoto ◽  
Naomi Kamimura ◽  
Kiyomi Nishimaki ◽  
Harumi Ichimiya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Free Radical ◽  
Molecular Hydrogen ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Radical Chain ◽  
Free Radical Chain Reaction ◽  
Radical Chain Reaction ◽  
Oxidized Phospholipid
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