GAS–LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY OF TERPENES: XV. THE VOLATILE OIL OF MENTHA ARVENSIS VAR. GLABRATA RAY

1966 ◽  
Vol 44 (17) ◽  
pp. 2015-2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. von Rudloff ◽  
F. W. Hefendehl
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Volatile Oil ◽  
Quantitative Composition ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Oil Composition ◽  
Mentha Arvensis ◽  
Autoxidation Product ◽  
The North ◽  
Cis And Trans

The volatile oil of the North American wild mint (Menthaarvensis L. var. glabrata) was found to consist mainly of d-pulegone (80–90%) and smaller amounts of α-pinene, β-pinene, sabinene, limonene, 1,8-cineole, 1-octen-3-ol, menthone, isomenthone, piperitone, cis- and trans-pulegone oxide, and piperitenone. Trace amounts of γ-terpinene, menthofuran, β-caryophyllene, and ε-, δ-, and γ-cadinene were also isolated, and camphene, p-cymene, terpinolene, sabinene hydrate, isopulegone or its stereoisomer, β-elemene, and α-terpineol were tentatively identified. A labile autoxidation product of pulegone was also detected.A study of the seasonal variations in the oil composition showed that significant changes in the quantitative composition occurred only in very young plants. The maximum yield of oil was obtained at the start of flowering. Practically no variation in the composition of the oil was recorded for plants from different localities.

scholarly journals Esterification of malic acid on various catalysts

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-55
Author(s):  
N. S. Kuzmina ◽  
S. V. Portnova ◽  
E. L. Krasnykh
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Malic Acid ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Normal Structure ◽  
Butyl Alcohol ◽  
Optimal Choice ◽  
Quantitative Composition ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Butyl Esters ◽  
Dibutyl Ester

Objectives. The study aims to identify the optimal choice of an effective catalyst for the esterification of malic acid to produce esters of high purity. Methods. To determine the qualitative and quantitative composition of reaction masses, the following analysis methods were used: mass-spectroscopy (using FinniganTrace DSQ device with NIST 2002, Xcalibur 1.31 Sp 5 database) and gas–liquid chromatography (using the Kristall 2000M software and hardware complex). Results. Esters of malic acid and butyl alcohol of normal structure were synthesized using the following catalysts: sulfuric, orthophosphoric, p-toluenesulfonic acid, Amberlyst 36 Dry, Amberlyst 36 Wet, KU-2-FPP, and KIF-T. The obtained products were analyzed by gas–liquid chromatography. The structure of the products was confirmed by mass spectrometry. Schemes for the formation of byproducts are proposed. The yields and purity of the malic acid butyl esters obtained using different catalysts were evaluated. The results show that the heterogeneous catalyst Amberlyst 36 Dry is optimal for obtaining a pure malic acid ester with a maximum yield. Conclusions. The results show that during the esterification of malic acid with butyl alcohol of normal structure, byproducts, such as esters of fumaric and maleic acids, are formed using different catalysts. An accumulation of byproducts occurs as a result of reactions of dehydration of malic acid or its ester. The results also show that the number of byproducts is almost independent of the catalyst, with the exception of sulfuric acid. The Amberlyst 36 Dry catalyst provides an optimal ratio between conversion and selectivity for malic acid dibutyl ester production. 

CHEMOSYSTEMATIC STUDIES IN THE GENUS PICEA (PINACEAE): II. THE LEAF OIL OF PICEA GLAUCA AND P. MARIANA

1967 ◽  
Vol 45 (9) ◽  
pp. 1703-1714 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Von Rudloff
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Distribution Pattern ◽  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Oil Composition ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Leaf Oil ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
Ecological Differences

The leaf oils from white and black spruce obtained from different locations in Western and Eastern Canada, Michigan, and Minnesota, have been analyzed by gas liquid chromatography. Both species were found to have a remarkably consistent and distinctive distribution pattern of the leaf oil terpenes. The quantitative variations encountered in samples of the same species from different populations are relatively small and ecological differences are not found to affect the leaf oil composition. Hence, analysis of spruce leaf oils appears to be highly suitable for a study of introgression and hybridization.

Antifungal Activity of the Essential Oil of Origanum syriacum L.

1995 ◽  
Vol 58 (10) ◽  
pp. 1147-1149 ◽  
Author(s):  
RASHA K. DAOUK ◽  
SHAWKY M. DAGHER ◽  
ELSA J. SATTOUT
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Inhibitory Action ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Volatile Oil ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Penicillium Species ◽  
Origanum Oil ◽  
Yeast Extract Sucrose

The volatile oil of the Lebanese Za'atar (Origanum syriacum L.) was characterized for its thymol and carvacrol content using gas-liquid chromatography. These two compounds constituted the major components of the oil and were present in equal proportions of 30% in the volatile oil extracted from the leaves and shoot tips of the Origanum plant during the preflowering stage. The percentage of carvacrol in the essential oil increased to 62% after flowering and maturation, while the concentration of thymol decreased to 14%. Origanum oil extracted from plants collected during midseason was evaluated for its antifungal activity against Aspergillus niger, Fusarium oxysporum, and Penicillium species. The oil exhibited strong inhibitory action against the three fungi tested. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the oil was found to be 0.1 μl/ml of yeast extract sucrose broth for the fungi tested.

GAS–LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY OF TERPENES: PART IV. THE ANALYSIS OF THE VOLATILE OIL OF THE LEAVES OF EASTERN WHITE CEDAR

1961 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 1200-1206 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. von Rudloff
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Volatile Oil ◽  
Complete Analysis ◽  
Bornyl Acetate ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Commercial Sample ◽  
Percentage Composition ◽  
White Cedar ◽  
Positive Identification ◽  
Eastern White Cedar

The complete analysis of the neutral volatile oil of the leaves of Eastern white cedar (Thujaoccidentalis L.) by means of gas–liquid chromatography was attempted. The mixture of terpenes was resolved into 28 monoterpenoid components and the major ones were isolated in 5- to 20-mg amounts. Comparison of infrared spectra and retention times with those of authentic specimens led to the positive identification of d-α-pinene, camphene, sabinene, d-limonene, p-cymene, γ-terpinene, l-fenchone, l-α-thujone, d-isothujone, camphor, and bornyl acetate. α-Thujene, β-pinene, myrcene, 1,8-cineole, terpinolene, and terpinen-4-ol were tentatively identified. The percentage composition of a commercial sample of the oil and of one obtained from a tree grown in Saskatoon was determined. The latter oil contained 7.0 to 7.5% of sesquiterpenoid components, which were resolved into four peaks on polyester columns at 180 °C.

Gas-liquid chromatography of terpenes. Part XVI. The volatile oil of the leaves of Juniperus ashei Buchholz

1968 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 679-683 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Von Rudloff
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Volatile Oil ◽  
Bornyl Acetate ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Juniperus Ashei ◽  
Methylene Groups ◽  
Leaf Oil ◽  
Ashe Juniper ◽  
First Time ◽  
Unique Chemical

The major components of the leaf oil of the Ashe juniper were found to be d-camphor (42.1 %), d-bornyl acetate (22.5%), d-limonene (8.4%), tricyclene (4.8%), d-camphene (4.4%), d-borneol (2.9%), p-cymene (2.8%), d-α-myrcene (1.8%), d-α-pinene (1.7%), and d-camphene hydrate (1.5%). This appears to be the first time that the latter alcohol has been isolated from a natural source. Smaller amounts of linalool, carvone, elemol, and traces of trans-2-methyl-6-methylene-3,7-octadien-2-ol were also identified. Several alcohols having terminal methylene groups were isolated in trace amounts.The monoterpenes found in this oil are not typical for the genus Juniperus and this result offers a unique chemical approach to the study of introgression of the Ashe juniper with other juniper species.

Differential solution behavior of cis and trans esters of 4-substituted tert-butylcyclohexanes as studied by gas-liquid chromatography

1968 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 727-735 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barry L. Karger ◽  
Robert L. Stern ◽  
Joseph F. Zannucci
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Solution Behavior ◽  
Cis And Trans

Detection of Admixtures of Turmeric, Curcuma longa Linn., with Curcuma aromatica Salisb. by Thin Layer and Gas-Liquid Chromatography

1979 ◽  
Vol 62 (6) ◽  
pp. 1333-1337
Author(s):  
Kalyan G Raghuveer ◽  
Venkatesa S Govindarajan
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Thin Layer ◽  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Volatile Oil ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Chromatographic Methods ◽  
Hexane Extracts

Abstract Simple and definitive thin layer chromatographic methods are described for the detection of admixtures of Curcuma longa with Curcuma aromatica at the 5% levels. The tests are performed on hexane extracts, thus avoiding distillation of the volatile oil, and are based on the separation of high boiling sesquiterpene compounds by hexane or benzene. Chromatograms are sprayed with vanillin-sulfuric acid or Gibbs reagent to give distinct spots for C. aromatica which are absent from C. longa. Gas chromatography of the extracts also distinguishes the admixtures through a late-eluting peak for C. aromatica.

Reliable separation of cis and trans fatty acids by gas liquid chromatography on glass capillary columns

1975 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 507-510 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Jaeger ◽  
H. -U. Klör ◽  
G. Blos ◽  
H. Ditschuneit
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Trans Fatty Acids ◽  
Capillary Columns ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Glass Capillary ◽  
Glass Capillary Columns ◽  
Cis And Trans

Gas–liquid chromatography of terpenes. Part XVIII. The volatile oil of the leaves of Juniperus communis L.

1969 ◽  
Vol 47 (11) ◽  
pp. 2081-2086 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. von Rudloff ◽  
V. K. Sood
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Oil ◽  
Bornyl Acetate ◽  
Quantitative Composition ◽  
Hydroxy Ketone ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Citronellyl Acetate ◽  
Leaf Oil ◽  
The Many ◽  
Trace Constituents ◽  
Common Juniper

The volatile leaf oil of the local common juniper was found to consist mainly of α-pinene (73 to 83%) and smaller amounts (0.5 to 5%) of β-pinene, 3-carene, myrcene, limonene, methyl citronellate, bornyl acetate, myrtenal, myrtenol, myrtenyl acetate, α-terpineol, citronellol, citronellyl acetate, nerolidol, farnesol, and an unusual hydroxy ketone. Of the many trace constituents, β-phellandrene, citronellal, "iso-" citronellal, linalool, geraniol, isopulegol, 4-terpinenol, and ε-cadinene were isolated, whereas camphene, sabinene, α-phellandrene, γ-terpinene, terpinolene, p-cymene, fenchone, thujone, isothujone and δ-cadinene could only be tentatively identified.There was little variation in the quantitative composition of the leaf oil from one plant to another. Since the composition of this oil differs significantly from that of other juniper leaf oils, chemotaxonomic studies by means of leaf oil analysis are feasible.

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