Combined effects of ethanol, high homogenization pressure, and temperature on cell fatty acid composition inSaccharomyces cerevisiae

1999 ◽  
Vol 45 (10) ◽  
pp. 805-810 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Elisabetta Guerzoni ◽  
Marilena Ferruzzi ◽  
Fausto Gardini ◽  
Rosalba Lanciotti
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Ethyl Esters ◽  
Yeast Cells ◽  
Combined Effects ◽  
Different Temperatures

The specific aims of this research were to evaluate the combined effects of ethanol and high-pressure homogenization at different temperatures on cell viability in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and to study the induced modification of fatty acid composition. The decrease in viability was weak at 10°C while a homogenization pressure over 1000 bar (1 bar = 100 kPa) induced a significant reduction in viability when the cells were incubated at 20 and 30°C. The cell tolerance to pressure decreased with an increase in ethanol concentration and temperature. Ethanol, particularly intracellular ethanol accumulated by S. cerevisiae, played an important role in the response to homogenization pressure and in modification of the cell fatty acid composition. In fact, an unusually elevated accumulation of ethyl esters in lipid extracts of yeast cells subjected to high homogenization pressure, especially in the presence of exogenous ethanol and at 30°C, was observed. Moreover, only unsaturated and traces of short chain fatty acids were esterified with ethanol.Key words: Homogenization pressure, ethanol, fatty acids, Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

scholarly journals The Comparison of Fatty Acid Composition and Lipid Quality Indices in Hard Cow, Sheep, and Goat Cheeses

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1667 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beata Paszczyk ◽  
Joanna Łuczyńska
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Quality Indices ◽  
Chromatography Method ◽  
Lipid Quality

This study aimed to evaluate the fatty acid composition, including the contents, of conjugated linoleic acid cis9trans11 C18:2 (CLA) and trans C18:1 and C18:2 isomers in hard cow, sheep, and goat cheeses found on the Polish market and to compare lipid quality indices in these cheeses. The gas chromatography method was used to determine the fatty acid profile. The study demonstrated various contents of cis9trans 11 C18:2 (CLA), trans C18:1, and C18:2 isomers and the values of lipid quality indices in the cheeses. Sheep and goat cheeses were richer sources of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) (14.73 ± 2.55% and 14.80 ± 2.80%, respectively) than the cow cheeses (9.38 ± 0.87%). The cow cheeses had a significantly higher (p < 0.05) content of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), the lowest n-6/n-3 ratio, and the highest content of fatty acids, inducing a desirable dietary effect in humans (DFA) compared to the sheep and goat cheeses. Significantly higher (p < 0.05) contents of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) were found in sheep cheeses. Goat cheeses had the highest n-3 PUFA content and the lowest values of the thrombogenicity index (TI) (2.67 ± 0.44) compared to the sheep and cow cheeses (3.14 ± 0.29 and 3.13 ± 0.13, respectively). The cow, sheep, and goat cheeses were characterized by similar values of the hypocholesterolemic/hypercholesterolemic (H/H) ratio. Sheep cheeses had the highest levels of cis9trans11 C18:2 (CLA) and the highest total content of trans C18:1 and trans C18:2 isomers. The research showed that sheep, cow, and goat cheeses offered various health benefits. The differences in fatty acid composition and the different values of the lipid quality indices found in the cheeses may be due to differences in both the composition of milk used to produce them and the cheese-making technology. Studies conducted by many authors have indicated that the feeding system of the ruminants has a significant impact on the quality and chemical composition of milk, as well as its applicability for cheese production.

Developmental changes in the fatty acid composition of the larval lipid of the house cricket Acheta domesticus (L.)

1970 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 264-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Y. Lipsitz ◽  
J. E. McFarlane ◽  
G. O. Henneberry
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Neutral Lipid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Age Differences ◽  
Developmental Change ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Acheta Domesticus ◽  
Lipid Components

The fatty acid composition of larvae of Acheta domesticus (L.) at two distinct ages (12 days and 30 days) was determined. No appreciable age differences were observed in the composition of fatty acids from lipid extracts; palmitic, stearic, oleic, and linoleic acids were found to be the major fatty acids, together accounting for about 90% of the total. However, distinct age differences were found in the fatty acid composition of neutral lipid components. The most marked developmental change was a reduction from 34.5% to 10.9% in the myristic acid content of the monoglyceride. High concentrations of short-chain fatty acids were found in at least three neutral lipid components, and considerable alterations in the concentration of these fatty acids occurred during development.

scholarly journals The effect of restricted grazing on the fatty acid composition of ovine rnilk fat during early lactation

1980 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Payne ◽  
P. V. Rattray
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Rapid Rise ◽  
Major Increase

1. The fatty acid composition of milk fat of Coopworth sheep offered varying pasture allowances has been determined after 1, 14 and 35 d of lactation. Differences in fatty acids occurred, particularly between 1 and 14 d, with a major increase in C18:0 whilst C16:0, C14:0 and C18:3 showed decreases.2. When pasture allowances were restricted there were decreases in the short-chain fatty acids from C6 to C14 and an increase in C18:1 as has been observed previously for cattle. The C18:1:C10 value is a convenient measure of these changes and can be determined more rapidly than determining all the lower fatty acids.3. The increased demand for milk resulting from suckling twin lambs caused an increase in C18:1 and decreases in C10 and C12 due to an increased utilization of body reserves.4. The level of linoleic acid was much greater than has been previously observed in sheep given hay and contributes to the rapid rise in linoleic acid levels in lambs born under grazing conditions.

scholarly journals Effect of temperature acclimatization on the fatty acid composition of goldfish intestinal lipids

1970 ◽  
Vol 117 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Kemp ◽  
M. W. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Neutral Lipids ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Membrane Phospholipids ◽  
Ethanolamine Phosphoglycerides ◽  
Different Temperatures

1. The fatty acid composition of whole goldfish, whole-intestinal mucosa, intestinal mucosal membranes and individual phospholipids extracted from mucosal membranes were measured, fish adapted to different temperatures being used. 2. Alterations of the adaptation temperature did not noticeably affect the fatty acid composition of the whole-fish lipids, but there were marked changes in the fatty acids of lipids extracted from homogenates of goldfish intestinal mucosa. These changes were more pronounced in a membrane fraction prepared from these homogenates. Raising the adaptation temperature by 20°C halved the percentage of C20:1, C20:4 and C22:6 fatty acids and nearly doubled the percentage of C18:0 and C20:3 fatty acids recovered. 3. Choline phosphoglycerides constituted about one-half and ethanolamine phosphoglycerides about one-quarter of the total membrane phospholipids. 4. The fatty acids of choline and ethanolamine phosphoglycerides were more susceptible to temperature-dependent changes than were the phosphoglycerides of inositol or serine. 5. The increase in C18:0 fatty acid that occurred in membranes of warm-adapted fish was greatest for ethanolamine phosphoglycerides, but increases also occurred in other phospholipid fractions and in membrane neutral lipids.

scholarly journals Efect of Gamma 60Co Irradiation on The Growth, Lipid Content and Fatty Acid Composition of Botryococcus sp. Microalgae

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 58
Author(s):  
Dini Ermavitalini ◽  
Niki Yuliansari ◽  
Endry Nugroho Prasetyo ◽  
Triono Bagus Saputro
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Lipid Content ◽  
Lipid Production ◽  
Wild Strain ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

<p><em>Botryococcus</em> sp. is one of microalgae species that has a high lipid content as much as 75% of their dry weight. But, lipid production by microalgae is regulated by their environmental condition (pH, light, temperature, nutrition, etc). Mutagenesis induced by Gamma <sup>60</sup>Co irradiation can be utilized to alter the <em>Botryococcus</em> sp. genetic to get microalgae mutant strain that can produce a higher lipid content than the wild strain. <em>Botryococcus</em> sp. was irradiated with different doses of gamma ray of <sup>60</sup>Co  (0, 2, 4, 6, and 10 Gy),  and the effect  on the growth, lipid content, and fatty acid composition of microalgae were observed. Research design used is random complete (RAL) with 95 %  confident level for quantitive analysis based on the biomass and lipid contents. More over fatty acid composition was analyzed by Gas Cromatography-Mass Spectrometry<em> </em>(GC-MS). Results showed that Gamma irradiated gave an effect on growth and lipid content of <em>Botryococcus</em> sp. But between the control treatment (0 Gy) with microalgae irradiated dose of 2 Gy, 4 Gy and 6 Gy were not significantly different. Whereas between the control with 10 Gy irradiated was significantly different. The highest biomassa and lipid content are found in 10 Gy irradiated microalgae with 0.833 gram biomass and 41% lipid content. Fatty acid profile of <em>Botryococcus</em> sp. control has 6 fatty acids while 10 Gy irradiated microalgae has 12 fatty acids, with the long-chain fatty acids increased, whereas short-chain fatty acids decreased.</p>

Combined effects of ethanol, high homogenization pressure, and temperature on cell fatty acid composition in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

1999 ◽  
Vol 45 (10) ◽  
pp. 805-810 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Elisabetta Guerzoni ◽  
Marilena Ferruzzi ◽  
Fausto Gardini ◽  
Rosalba Lanciotti
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Combined Effects

scholarly journals Fatty acid composition of milk fat in milk of Tzigay sheep and their F2 cross-breeds with Chios

2015 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-53
Author(s):  
G. Gerchev ◽  
N. Naydenova ◽  
S. Slavkova ◽  
G. Mihaylova
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

The study was conducted on aggregate milk samples, which were taken every month during the milking period from Tzigay sheep and their F2 cross-breeds of Chios, raised in the conditions of the Central Balkan Mountain. The fat extraction of milk samples was done by the Rose-Gottlieb method. Fatty acid composition was determined on a gas chromatograph with flame ionization detector and capillary column. The aim of the study was to follow the changes in the composition of fatty acids in the milk fat of milk of Tzigay sheep and their F2 cross-breeds. The saturated fatty acids in milk of the two groups had high values during both consecutive years, as they varied from 67.05% in milk of Tzigay sheep in the second lactation up to 70.87% at their F2 cross-breeds. The content of myristic acid was correspondingly 8.22-8.88% at Tzigay sheep and 8.45-8.74% at their F2 cross-breeds. The total amount of polyunsaturated fatty acids in the examined milk for the two types of sheep was comparatively low with near concentrations (4.39-5.20%) in the period of the two years. The milk of the two groups had high values of the correlation SFA/PUSFA (15.71 and 13.17) and low values of PUSFA/SFA (0.06-0.08). Mon?unsaturated fatty acids, represented mainly by the oleic acid (C18:1) varied during both periods from 21.92% to 25.32% and appeared as a substratum in the synthesis of CLA. The short-chain fatty acids (C4:0-C11:0) had higher values in Tzigay sheep in comparison with F2 cross-breeds of Chios. The long-chain fatty acids (C17iso-C25:0) maintained close concentration in the milk of Tzigay breed, while their content in the milk of F2 cross-breeds was increased.

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