GC Analysis of Fatty Acid Composition of the Oil Containing Short Chain Fatty Acids

Botryococcus sp. is one of microalgae species that has a high lipid content as much as 75% of their dry weight. But, lipid production by microalgae is regulated by their environmental condition (pH, light, temperature, nutrition, etc). Mutagenesis induced by Gamma 60Co irradiation can be utilized to alter the Botryococcus sp. genetic to get microalgae mutant strain that can produce a higher lipid content than the wild strain. Botryococcus sp. was irradiated with different doses of gamma ray of 60Co (0, 2, 4, 6, and 10 Gy), and the effect on the growth, lipid content, and fatty acid composition of microalgae were observed. Research design used is random complete (RAL) with 95 % confident level for quantitive analysis based on the biomass and lipid contents. More over fatty acid composition was analyzed by Gas Cromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). Results showed that Gamma irradiated gave an effect on growth and lipid content of Botryococcus sp. But between the control treatment (0 Gy) with microalgae irradiated dose of 2 Gy, 4 Gy and 6 Gy were not significantly different. Whereas between the control with 10 Gy irradiated was significantly different. The highest biomassa and lipid content are found in 10 Gy irradiated microalgae with 0.833 gram biomass and 41% lipid content. Fatty acid profile of Botryococcus sp. control has 6 fatty acids while 10 Gy irradiated microalgae has 12 fatty acids, with the long-chain fatty acids increased, whereas short-chain fatty acids decreased.

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Fatty acid composition of milk fat in milk of Tzigay sheep and their F2 cross-breeds with Chios

Biotechnology in Animal Husbandry ◽

10.2298/bah1501045g ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 31 (1) ◽

pp. 45-53

Author(s):

G. Gerchev ◽

N. Naydenova ◽

S. Slavkova ◽

G. Mihaylova

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid Composition ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Acid Composition ◽

Milk Fat ◽

Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Saturated Fatty Acids ◽

Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽

Milk Samples ◽

Chain Fatty Acids

The study was conducted on aggregate milk samples, which were taken every month during the milking period from Tzigay sheep and their F2 cross-breeds of Chios, raised in the conditions of the Central Balkan Mountain. The fat extraction of milk samples was done by the Rose-Gottlieb method. Fatty acid composition was determined on a gas chromatograph with flame ionization detector and capillary column. The aim of the study was to follow the changes in the composition of fatty acids in the milk fat of milk of Tzigay sheep and their F2 cross-breeds. The saturated fatty acids in milk of the two groups had high values during both consecutive years, as they varied from 67.05% in milk of Tzigay sheep in the second lactation up to 70.87% at their F2 cross-breeds. The content of myristic acid was correspondingly 8.22-8.88% at Tzigay sheep and 8.45-8.74% at their F2 cross-breeds. The total amount of polyunsaturated fatty acids in the examined milk for the two types of sheep was comparatively low with near concentrations (4.39-5.20%) in the period of the two years. The milk of the two groups had high values of the correlation SFA/PUSFA (15.71 and 13.17) and low values of PUSFA/SFA (0.06-0.08). Mon?unsaturated fatty acids, represented mainly by the oleic acid (C18:1) varied during both periods from 21.92% to 25.32% and appeared as a substratum in the synthesis of CLA. The short-chain fatty acids (C4:0-C11:0) had higher values in Tzigay sheep in comparison with F2 cross-breeds of Chios. The long-chain fatty acids (C17iso-C25:0) maintained close concentration in the milk of Tzigay breed, while their content in the milk of F2 cross-breeds was increased.

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Effect of short-chain fatty acids on the expression of genes involved in short-chain fatty acid transporters and inflammatory response in goat jejunum epithelial cells

In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Animal ◽

10.1007/s11626-017-0226-2 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 54 (4) ◽

pp. 311-320 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Kang Zhan ◽

MaoCheng Jiang ◽

Xiaoxiao Gong ◽

GuoQi Zhao

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Epithelial Cells ◽

Inflammatory Response ◽

Short Chain Fatty Acid ◽

Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽

Chain Fatty Acid ◽

Short Chain ◽

Expression Of Genes ◽

Chain Fatty Acids

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ANALYSIS OF THE FATTY ACID COMPOSITION OF COW’S MILK AGAINST THE BACKGROUND OF MODIFIED DIATOMITE ADDITIVES

Vestnik of Ulyanovsk state agricultural academy ◽

10.18286/1816-4501-2020-4-246-250 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 246-250

Author(s):

V. V. Akhmetova ◽

◽

S. V. Merchina ◽

А.Z. Mukhitov ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid Composition ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Acid Composition ◽

Short Chain ◽

Cow’S Milk ◽

Cow's Milk ◽

Complex Additive ◽

Experimental Group ◽

Modified Diatomite

The article presents the results of studying the effect of modified diatomite as part of a complex additive at the ratio of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids in cow’s milk. Production and physiological tests were carried out on the basis of a dairy farm LLC “Agrofirma Tetyushskoe” in the Ulyanovsk region on black-and-white cows of 2...3 lactation. For the physiological experiment, animals were selected by the method of analogues by live weight, number and month of lactation, pregnancy, and physiological state. The complex additive included modified diatomite, diacetophenonyl selenide containing organic selenium (DAFS), sunflower oil, and feed yeast. Additive based on 250 g/head/day mixed with feed once a day was administered in the diet of animals of the experimental group, the other group was a control and received no additive. The additive had an effect on the fatty acid composition of milk and contributed to an increase in the fraction of saturated fatty acids with a short chain. In the fat fraction, the amount of saturated short-chain fatty acids increases by 4.0% due to an increase in the content of capric (by 6.7%), lauric (by 12.3%, P<0.05), myristic (by 13.3%, P<0.05), palmitic (by 17.1%, P<0.05), which is a positive factor and indicates an active synthesis of volatile fatty acids, primarily acetate and 3-hydroxybutyrate. At the same time, there was a sharp decline in the content of stearic (27.3%, P<0.05) and arachinic (27.6%, P<0.05) acids. The milk of cows in the experimental group showed a decrease in the level of monounsaturated fatty acids by 7.4%.

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Stimulation of fetal hemoglobin production by short chain fatty acids

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood.v86.8.3227.3227 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 86 (8) ◽

pp. 3227-3235 ◽

Cited By ~ 52

Author(s):

E Liakopoulou ◽

CA Blau ◽

Q Li ◽

B Josephson ◽

JA Wolf ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Globin Gene ◽

Fetal Hemoglobin ◽

Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽

Short Chain ◽

Erythroid Cell ◽

Gamma Globin ◽

Carbon Fatty Acid ◽

Chain Fatty Acids

Abstract Butyrate, a four-carbon fatty acid, and its two-carbon metabolic product, acetate, are inducers of gamma-globin synthesis. To test whether other short-chain fatty acids share this property, we first examined whether propionic acid, a three-carbon fatty acid that is not catabolized to acetate, induces gamma-globin expression. Sodium propionate increased the frequency of fetal hemoglobin containing erythroblasts and the gamma/gamma + beta mRNA ratios in adult erythroid cell cultures and F reticulocyte production in a nonanemic juvenile baboon. Short-chain fatty acids containing five (pentanoic), six (hexanoic), seven (heptanoic), eight (octanoic), and nine (nonanoic) carbons induced gamma-globin expression (as measured by increase in gamma-positive erythroblasts and gamma/gamma + beta mRNA ratios) in adult erythroid burst-forming unit cultures. There was a clear-cut relationship between the concentration of fatty acids in culture and the degree of induction of gamma-globin expression. Three-, four-, and five-carbon fatty acids were better inducers of gamma globin in culture as compared with six- to nine-carbon fatty acids. These results suggest that all short-chain fatty acids share the property of gamma-globin gene inducibility. The fact that valproic acid, a derivative of pentanoic acid, also induces gamma-globin expression suggests that short-chain fatty acid derivatives that are already approved for human use may possess the property of gamma-globin inducibility and may be of therapeutic relevance to the beta-chain hemoglobinopathies.

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The Comparison of Fatty Acid Composition and Lipid Quality Indices in Hard Cow, Sheep, and Goat Cheeses

Foods ◽

10.3390/foods9111667 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (11) ◽

pp. 1667 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Beata Paszczyk ◽

Joanna Łuczyńska

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid Composition ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Acid Composition ◽

Total Content ◽

Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽

Quality Indices ◽

Chromatography Method ◽

Lipid Quality

This study aimed to evaluate the fatty acid composition, including the contents, of conjugated linoleic acid cis9trans11 C18:2 (CLA) and trans C18:1 and C18:2 isomers in hard cow, sheep, and goat cheeses found on the Polish market and to compare lipid quality indices in these cheeses. The gas chromatography method was used to determine the fatty acid profile. The study demonstrated various contents of cis9trans 11 C18:2 (CLA), trans C18:1, and C18:2 isomers and the values of lipid quality indices in the cheeses. Sheep and goat cheeses were richer sources of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) (14.73 ± 2.55% and 14.80 ± 2.80%, respectively) than the cow cheeses (9.38 ± 0.87%). The cow cheeses had a significantly higher (p < 0.05) content of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), the lowest n-6/n-3 ratio, and the highest content of fatty acids, inducing a desirable dietary effect in humans (DFA) compared to the sheep and goat cheeses. Significantly higher (p < 0.05) contents of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) were found in sheep cheeses. Goat cheeses had the highest n-3 PUFA content and the lowest values of the thrombogenicity index (TI) (2.67 ± 0.44) compared to the sheep and cow cheeses (3.14 ± 0.29 and 3.13 ± 0.13, respectively). The cow, sheep, and goat cheeses were characterized by similar values of the hypocholesterolemic/hypercholesterolemic (H/H) ratio. Sheep cheeses had the highest levels of cis9trans11 C18:2 (CLA) and the highest total content of trans C18:1 and trans C18:2 isomers. The research showed that sheep, cow, and goat cheeses offered various health benefits. The differences in fatty acid composition and the different values of the lipid quality indices found in the cheeses may be due to differences in both the composition of milk used to produce them and the cheese-making technology. Studies conducted by many authors have indicated that the feeding system of the ruminants has a significant impact on the quality and chemical composition of milk, as well as its applicability for cheese production.

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Short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) and medium-chain fatty acid (MCFA) concentrations in human milk consumed by infants born at different gestational ages and the variations in concentration during lactation stages

Food & Function ◽

10.1039/c9fo02595b ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 1869-1880 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Xinyue Dai ◽

Tinglan Yuan ◽

Xinghe Zhang ◽

Qin Zhou ◽

Huiya Bi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Human Milk ◽

Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽

Term Infant ◽

Chain Fatty Acid ◽

Short Chain ◽

Medium Chain ◽

Naturally Occurring ◽

Chain Fatty Acids

Short-chain fatty acids and medium-chain fatty acids (4:0, 6:0 and 8:0) are naturally occurring in human milk triacylglycerol and are present in highest amounts in mature full-term infant milk (1.47 ± 0.66 mg g−1 fat).

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