Genetics in sustainable forestry: the challenges for forest genetics and tree breeding in the new millennium

2001 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 561-565 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Burley
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Genetic Manipulation ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
Tree Breeding ◽  
Private Institutions ◽  
Forest Genetics ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Public ◽  
New Millennium

The life's work of Professor Gene Namkoong helped to lay the theoretical and quantitative foundations for modern forest genetics and tree breeding. It also emphasized the practical and ethical issues of the conservation of forest gene resources. As we enter a new millennium the challenges facing forest geneticists and tree breeders include recognition of changing demands on forests for a range of forest products of different quantities and qualities; development and wise application of the new molecular technologies for genetic manipulation and practical breeding; presentation of the values of genetics to policy-makers and to the concerned public; capture of resources for research and development as forestry moves from the public sector to private institutions; and preparation for a future that is uncertain politically, economically, socially, and environmentally.

Don’t Just Widen One Lens; Instead Use Many

2011 ◽  
Vol 17 (12) ◽  
pp. 1549-1558
Author(s):  
Robert Walker ◽  
James J. Clark
Keyword(s):  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Reflective Equilibrium ◽  
Ethical Question ◽  
End Effects ◽  
Wide Reflective Equilibrium ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Public ◽  
Rule Compliance ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
The Right

This paper responds to the commentaries offered by Mulla and Hlavka, Conte, Cerulli, and Cromer and Newman. We reflect on their differing points of view, attempt clarifications, and then re-state our central concern in regard to research ethics in studies of violence against women. We think that IRB-oriented approaches suffer from too much rule adherence, too much focus on doing things the right way and too little attention to the larger ethical question of to how figure out the right things to do. We continue to raise concern about inept research as potentially damaging to a class of persons, not to the specific subjects of any particular study. Thus, we see not just a matter of poor design, mishandling of analyses, or even of clumsy inferences from the data in some research; these errors are correctible by better training and review. But these errors also have the potential for misleading the public and policy makers and thus suggest ethical dimensions to clumsy work. We conclude by proposing use of wide reflective equilibrium as a way of entering into deeper dialogue about the complex ethical issues surrounding this field of research. Hopefully, we can move beyond mere rule compliance to seriously considering the end effects of our science.

scholarly journals Public-private Partnerships for Medicine Provision: an alternative to the combat to the covid-19 pandemic

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 ◽  
pp. 91-110
Author(s):  
Jean Marcel Del Ponte Duarte ◽  
Rodrigo Nobre Fernandez ◽  
Rodrigo Vaz Silva
Keyword(s):  
Health Services ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
Public Private Partnership ◽  
Health Centers ◽  
Public Private Partnerships ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Private Partnership ◽  
The Public ◽  
Private Investments ◽  
Feasible Alternative

This work aims to verify how the Public-private Partnership contracts can be used as a tool for the policy makers to provide infrastructure in health services, specially seeking to fight the coronavirus pandemic, like the construction of hospitals and health centers, plus research and development of vaccines and medicine. An analysis of PPP cases already currently working in Brazil was conducted, based on the empiric literature. The PPPs arise as a feasible alternative of investments in this sector, particularly in a fragile moment of public accounts, in addition to the need of healthcare improvements throughout the country. Besides being more efficient, this kind of contract also attenuate the pressure on the public accounts since it is financed by private investments.

Prophets, policy-makers and advocates: The World Council of Churches and institutional environmental ethics, 1991-2006

2009 ◽  
Vol 38 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 445-465
Author(s):  
Daniel Mcfee
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Ethics ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
World Council Of Churches ◽  
Institutional Work ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Governmental Organization ◽  
The Public ◽  
The World ◽  
World Council

The World Council of Churches (WCC) addresses environmental issues in three modes in its institutional work as a religious non-governmental organization: in the prophetic mode, in the public policy expert mode and in the mode of an advocate. If one is to understand the WCC’s commitment to environmental issues, this three-tiered hermeneutic is necessary so that its complex institutional aims are represented accurately. Moreover, this hermeneutic also aids in sketching the WCC’s larger ethical commitments as a Christian body and as a consultative religious non-governmental organization within the United Nations. This paper affords a more complete vision than many scholars have offered in terms of how religious NGOs approach extraordinarily complex ethical issues in the world today. Le Conseil oecuménique des Églises (COE) s’adresse aux questions environnementales en trois modes dans son travail institutionnel comme organisation non-gouvernementale religieuse : le mode prophétique, le mode d’expert en affaires publiques, et le mode d’un avocat. Si on veut comprendre l’engagement du COE aux problèmes environnementaux, cet herméneutique à trois gradins est necessaire pour que ses objectifs institutionnels complexes soient representés fidèlement. D’ailleurs, cet herméneutique aide aussi à esquisser les engagements moraux plus grands du COE comme organisme chrétien et comme organisation non-gouvernementale religieuse au sein de l’Organisation des nations unies. La communication présente permet une vision plus complète que celles offertes par plusieurs savants en ce qui concerne la manière dans laquelle les ONG religieuses abordent des questions morales extrêmement complexes du monde d’aujourd’hui.

scholarly journals EXPLORING SOME OLD AND NEW ETHICAL ISSUES IN CRIMINOLOGICAL RESEARCH AND ITS IMPLICATIONS FOR EVIDENCE-BASED POLICY

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Francisco Javier Castro Toledo
Keyword(s):  
Public Management ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Social Research ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Ethical Challenges ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Public ◽  
Criminological Research ◽  
Predictive Algorithms

Interest in the development of evidence-based policies for the public management of the control and treatment of crime seems to be the position that will become dominant in the coming years. In this context, it is important for policy makers to know that while social research is surrounded by many ethical dilemmas, criminological research, because of the particular sensitivity of its subject matter and the profound implications of its findings, must emphasise the responsibility of researchers and provide criteria and principles that properly guide their research. To respond to this new context, this paper introduces, as examples of its variety, some of the traditional ethical challenges of criminological research, such as the effective obtaining of consent, as well as some of the new challenges involved in the use of predictive algorithms by criminal justice system operators. We conclude by highlighting the necessity of considering the ethical dimension of criminological research as one of the necessary elements that legislators must assess to critically accept scientific evidence as legitimate.

Healthcare Public Health

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Population Health ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Business Case ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Public ◽  
Case Evaluation ◽  
Healthcare Needs ◽  
International Perspectives

Healthcare public health is concerned with the application of population sciences to the design, organization, and delivery of healthcare services, with the ultimate aim of improving population health. This book provides a modern introduction to the methods and subject matter of healthcare public health, bringing together coverage of all the key areas in a single volume. Topics include healthcare needs’ assessment; access to healthcare; knowledge management; ethical issues; involvement of patients and the public; population screening; health promotion and disease prevention; new service models; programme budgeting and preparation of a business case; evaluation and outcomes; patient safety, and implementation and improvement sciences; healthcare in remote and resource-poor regions; and disasters and emergencies. Drawing on international perspectives, this volume will be relevant wherever healthcare is delivered. It will enable students, researchers, academics, practitioners, and policy makers to contribute to the goals of designing and delivering health services that improve population health, reduce inequalities, and meet the needs of individuals and communities.

scholarly journals Think Tanks in Nepal: Emergence and Growth

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 17-20
Author(s):  
Birendra Prasad Shah
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Think Tanks ◽  
Private Institutions ◽  
Think Tank ◽  
Government Investment ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Public ◽  
Language Form ◽  
Research Activities

Think tank is bridging gap among academic and policy making communities, states and civil society to serve in the public interest as independent voices that translate applied and basic research into a language, form that is understandable, reliable, and accessible for policy makers and the public. Hence, Nepal is officially far from it. Although, practices in Nepal is very limited as well as narrow ideas, thinking, and approaches to sake prosperities of divergent Nepali societies and cultures. Government investment is very poor in these works. However, newly opened universities, private institutions and NGOs are work like as hybrid, are engaged in educational research activities. Over the last 10-15 years, governments, and civil society have come to rely on it, and this trend will continue to input better future of Nepal.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/av.v4i0.12351Academic Voices Vol.4 2014: 17-20

The Impact of the Public Expenditure Cuts Policy on the Labor Market in Vietnam

2012 ◽  
pp. 22-46
Author(s):  
Huong Nguyen Thi Lan ◽  
Toan Pham Ngoc
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Computable General Equilibrium ◽  
Impact Evaluation ◽  
Public Expenditure ◽  
Computable General Equilibrium Model ◽  
Living Standard ◽  
Input Output ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the impact of public expenditure cuts on employment and income to support policies for the development of the labor mar- ket. Impact evaluation is of interest for policy makers as well as researchers. This paper presents a method – that is based on a Computable General Equilibrium model – to analyse the impact of the public expenditure cuts policy on employment and income in industries and occupations in Vietnam using macro data, the Input output table, 2006, 2008 and the 2010 Vietnam Household Living Standard Survey.

Penguatan Wilayah Perbatasan: Studi Kasus Pulau Sebatik Kabupaten Nunukan Provinsi Kalimantan Timur

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 110
Author(s):  
Baskoro Wicaksono
Keyword(s):  
Central Government ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Research Strategy ◽  
Management Policy ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Public ◽  
East Kalimantan ◽  
Border Policy

This study describes the border management policy conducted by the central government, provinceof East Kalimantan and Nunukan. Policies such as the establishment of regulatory, institutionalstrengthening, programs and infrastructure development. The policy is getting good responsefrom the elite and the masses. On the other hand policy makers have expectations of localcommunities border synergism Sebatik Island in order to build and develop the border areas so asto break the chain of dependence on Malaysia. The research was conducted in Sebatik Island,East Kalimantan province Nunukan with the formulation of the problem (a) what policies areoriented to maintain borders, (b) How is the public response to government policy, (c) What areyour expectations of policy makers in local communities to regional border. This study usedqualitative methods to phenomenological research strategy. Techniques of data collection in thisstudy using two ways, namely in-depth interviews and secondary data view Results indicate thatthe existing policy of both the central and provincial to district borders do not solve the problembecause it is made on the island of Sebatik with other border regions. The policy does not includelocal knowledge, where it is desperately needed by the people Sebatik. In addition to policies onprograms and infrastructure development of the center, the district adopted a policy of inactionagainst the illegal cross-border trade, which on the one hand against the rules but if enforced thenpeople can not perform economic activities that impact well-being. Policies like this gets a positiveresponse from the public. Expectations for the future border policy is to load local content orlocal knowledge.Keyword: border policy, local knowledge, dependent relationship

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