Boreal forest provenance tests used to predict optimal growth and response to climate change: 2. Black spruce

2009 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashley M. Thomson ◽  
Claire L. Riddell ◽  
William H. Parker
Keyword(s):  
Survival Data ◽  
Transfer Functions ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Optimal Growth ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Optimal Performance ◽  
Seed Sources ◽  
Contour Lines ◽  
Provenance Trials ◽  
Maximum Temperatures

Height, diameter, and survival data were obtained from 20 range-wide black spruce ( Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP) provenance trials established from 1973 to 1977. Population response functions based on February minimum temperatures were developed for 23 Ontario and Great Lakes states provenances to predict climate values maximizing height growth for individual seed sources. Site transfer functions based on February maximum temperatures and May maximum temperatures were developed for five test sites to predict climate values maximizing height growth for test locations. Contour lines representing optimal performance were fitted to current (1961–1990) and future (2041–2070) climate grids. For black spruce seed sources from the east of Lake Superior and Lake Huron, optimal height growth was achieved between 45° and 47°N; for the western sources optimal performance moved north between 46° and 48°N. In eastern Ontario, height growth of northern sources may increase with transfer to warmer environments and with future temperature increases. Central sources are currently growing at or close to optimum and will be negatively affected by increased future temperatures. Southern sources may currently benefit from transfer to cooler environments, and the effects of global warming may cause significant height growth loss and the potential extirpation of local populations.

Boreal forest provenance tests used to predict optimal growth and response to climate change. 1. Jack pine

2008 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 157-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashley M. Thomson ◽  
William H. Parker
Keyword(s):  
Survival Data ◽  
Transfer Functions ◽  
Optimal Growth ◽  
The United States ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Climate Data ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Seed Sources ◽  
Contour Lines

Height, diameter, and survival data were obtained from 16 rangewide jack pine provenance trials in eastern Canada and the United States. Climate data for each seed source and test location were used to relate height growth to 72 climate variables. Population response functions based on August minimum and January maximum temperatures were developed to predict climate values maximizing height growth for individual seed sources. Site transfer functions based on March precipitation and December minimum temperature were developed to predict climate values maximizing height growth for test locations. Contour lines representing optimal performance were fitted to current (1971–2000) and future (2041–2070) climate grids. Optimal growth is currently achieved between 46°N and 47°N latitude for most seed sources. Future temperature increases are expected to cause a northward shift of the optimal habitat by approximately 2°. Northern sources are growing at temperatures below optimum and would benefit from warmer environments provided other environmental factors do not become limiting. Central sources are growing at close to optimum and will be negatively affected by increased temperatures in the future. Southern sources performed better in cooler environments, and warmer temperatures may cause significant height growth loss and the potential extirpation of these populations.

scholarly journals Ten Years of Provenance Trials and Application of Multivariate Random Forests Predicted the Most Preferable Seed Source for Silviculture of Abies sachalinensis in Hokkaido, Japan

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1058
Author(s):  
Ikutaro Tsuyama ◽  
Wataru Ishizuka ◽  
Keiko Kitamura ◽  
Haruhiko Taneda ◽  
Susumu Goto
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Random Forests ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Climatic Variables ◽  
Abies Sachalinensis ◽  
Seed Sources ◽  
Provenance Trials ◽  
Northern Regions ◽  
Non Local

Research highlights: Using 10-year tree height data obtained after planting from the range-wide provenance trials of Abies sachalinensis, we constructed multivariate random forests (MRF), a machine learning algorithm, with climatic variables. The constructed MRF enabled prediction of the optimum seed source to achieve good performance in terms of height growth at every planting site on a fine scale. Background and objectives: Because forest tree species are adapted to the local environment, local seeds are empirically considered as the best sources for planting. However, in some cases, local seed sources show lower performance in height growth than that showed by non-local seed sources. Tree improvement programs aim to identify seed sources for obtaining high-quality timber products by performing provenance trials. Materials and methods: Range-wide provenance trials for one of the most important silvicultural species, Abies sachalinensis, were established in 1980 at nine transplanting experimental sites. We constructed an MRF to estimate the responses of tree height at 10 years after planting at eight climatic variables at 1 km × 1 km resolution. The model was applied for prediction of tree height throughout Hokkaido Island. Results: Our model showed that four environmental variables were major factors affecting height growth—winter solar radiation, warmth index, maximum snow depth, and spring solar radiation. A tree height prediction map revealed that local seeds showed the best performance except in the southernmost region and several parts of northern regions. Moreover, the map of optimum seed provenance suggested that deployment of distant seed sources can outperform local sources in the southernmost and northern regions. Conclusions: We predicted that local seeds showed optimum growth, whereas non-local seeds had the potential to outperform local seeds in some regions. Several deployment options were proposed to improve tree growth.

scholarly journals Comparative Height Growth of Eastern Larch and Black Spruce in Northwestern Ontario

1978 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. 296-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas A. Mead
Keyword(s):  
Picea Mariana ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Larix Laricina ◽  
Stem Analysis ◽  
Northwestern Ontario ◽  
Analysis Methods ◽  
Spruce Stands

Height growth of eastern larch (Larix laricina (Du Roi) K. Koch) and black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P.) was determined using standard stem analysis methods on trees from two sites in northwestern Ontario. The data were obtained from mixed larch-spruce stands which were relatively undisturbed. The larch exhibited substantially better height growth than the spruce through age 65.

Silver Maple Seed Sources for Increased Biomass Production

1988 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 180-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard F. Kopp ◽  
Wayne A. Geyer ◽  
William R. Lovett
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Production ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Seed Source ◽  
Stem Number ◽  
Seed Sources ◽  
Short Rotation ◽  
Silver Maple ◽  
South Central ◽  
Maple Seed

Abstract Silver maple shows promise for use in short-rotation intensive culture energy plantings. A seed source study composed of trees from 26 midwest locations was established in south-central Nebraska in 1979 to determine where silver maple seed should be collected for use in the central Great Plains. Trees were evaluated for survival, height growth, and number of dominant stems per tree during their seventh growing season. Sources from eastern Nebraska, western Iowa, eastern Kansas, and northwest Missouri generally exhibited the greatest survival, height growth, and number of dominant stems. Height growth appears to be under stronger genetic control than stem number, suggesting that selection for height should take priority when selecting trees for biomass production. Geographic trends related to survival and height growth, but not stem number, were observed. Environmental or geographic factors that are strong predictors of seed source performance could not be identified. Planting the most locally produced seed is advisable for the central Plains. North. J. Appl. For. 5:180-184, Sept. 1988.

scholarly journals Addressing spatial variability in provenance experiments exemplified in two trials with black spruce

2008 ◽  
Vol 53 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 47-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Funda ◽  
M. Lstibůrek ◽  
J. Klápště ◽  
I. Permedlová ◽  
J. Kobliha
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Variability ◽  
Picea Mariana ◽  
Spatial Model ◽  
Important Implication ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Block Designs ◽  
Fit Statistics ◽  
Provenance Trials ◽  
Sources Of Variation ◽  
Randomized Block Designs

Two exemplary black spruce (<i>Picea mariana</i> [Mill.] B.S.P.) provenance trials were analyzed using traditional and spatial techniques. The objective was to find out possible differences between these approaches in terms of both the resulting fit-statistics and the estimated mean heights of provenances. Further, the spatial model was consequently adjusted to treat global and extraneous sources of variation. As expected, models incorporating spatial variation provided a better fit to the data. Consequently, there was also a noticeable shift in ranking of individual provenances, which has an important implication for the interpretation of provenance experiments results. Problems associated with the analysis of traditional randomized block designs in forestry research are discussed.

scholarly journals Performance of Green Ash Seed Sources at Four Locations in the Great Plains Region

2005 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-58
Author(s):  
Wayne A. Geyer ◽  
Keith D. Lynch ◽  
John Row ◽  
Peter Schaeffer ◽  
Walter Bagley
Keyword(s):  
Great Plains ◽  
Strong Interaction ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Cold Injury ◽  
Seed Source ◽  
Green Ash ◽  
Seed Sources ◽  
Ash Trees

Abstract Green ash trees from 10 seed sources were planted in a test in 1961 in four states of the Great Plains Region. After more than 20 years, height growth indicates a strong interaction between seed source and plantation location. Larger trees were from southerly sources within about three degrees of latitude of the plantation site. Beyond those limits, cold injury may result. Height and dbh age-age correlations were highly significant at 8 and 20+ years. Height and dbh correlated negatively with a decrease in latitude. North. J. Appl. For. 22(1):54–58.

Survival and Growth of Planted Black Spruce, Alder, Aspen and Willow After Fire on Black Spruce/Feather Moss Sites in Interior Alaska

1987 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 84-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
John C. Zasada ◽  
Rodney A. Norum ◽  
Christian E. Teutsch ◽  
Roseann Densmore
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Prescribed Burning ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Seedling Survival ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Balsam Poplar ◽  
Feather Moss ◽  
Interior Alaska ◽  
Survival And Growth ◽  
Broad Leaved Species

Seedlings of black spruce, aspen, green alder, and grayleaf willow planted on black spruce/feather moss sites in the boreal forest in interior Alaska survived and grew relatively well over a 6-year period after prescribed burning. Survival of black spruce was significantly greater than that of the broad-leaved species, but height growth was significantly less. Development of feltleaf willow and balsam poplar from unrooted cuttings was poor. Severity of burn appeared to have an important effect on height growth of all species but not on seedling survival. Key words: Planting, Picea, Alnus, Populus, Salix, microsite.

Light threshold for optimal black spruce (Piceamariana) seedling growth and development under brush competition

1994 ◽  
Vol 24 (8) ◽  
pp. 1629-1635 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Jobidon
Keyword(s):  
Tree Growth ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Growth Increment ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Light Interception ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Tree Seedlings ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Competing Vegetation ◽  
Total Height

Light threshold is suggested as a method for quantifying brush competition in black spruce (Piceamariana (Mill.) B.S.P) plantations and predicting losses in tree growth as measured by the relative growth rate (RGR). The severity of the competing vegetation (expressed in terms of density and height) around 300 planted tree seedlings, and the growth status of the seedlings (expressed in terms of total height and current height growth increment), were analyzed simultaneously with multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA), with one level of light quantity (photosynthetically active radiation) reaching the upper one-half of the tree seedlings as the predictor variable. This study showed that it is possible to establish a competitive status based on light interception, thus allowing a grouping of seedlings with similar growth characteristics and severity of competition. Canonical analysis showed that 60% of full sunlight reaching the upper one half of spruce seedlings can be defined as a threshold to significantly discriminate between stressed and unstressed tree seedlings, based on the above-mentioned variables and also based on spruce basal stem diameter. For spruce total height, current height increment, and basal stem diameter, significant differences were found between plots above and below this threshold, averaging 18.5, 44.7, and 23.2%, respectively. Measuring the intensity of light reaching the upper one half of the spruce seedlings also significantly explains spruce relative growth rates, expressed in terms of height growth increment and basal stem diameter growth increment over the following two growing seasons. The light threshold used in the MANOVA and the ANOVA showed significant differences between plots above and below the threshold, averaging 70 and 58% for spruce height and basal stem diameter RGRs, respectively. Instead of measuring competing vegetation variables and relative height of a crop species to infer light interception, this study demonstrated that a direct measure of light attenuation at the tree seedling level can be used to assess the competitive status and predict losses in tree growth for the period of time required by the seedlings to emerge from the vegetation cover. Moreover, this study demonstrated that canonical relations, rather than linear relations, explain the pattern of competition for light between young spruce seedlings and brushlike vegetation. The light threshold suggested in this study has potential for assessing interspecific competition problems in young black spruce plantations and is proposed as a tool to support a containment strategy of vegetation management.

QUANTITATIVE STUDY OF INTRASPECIFIC VARIATION OF DNA PER CELL IN PICEA GLAUCA AND PINUS BANKSIANA

1968 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 590-600 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerome P. Miksche
Keyword(s):  
Intraspecific Variation ◽  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Inverse Relationship ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Nuclear Volume ◽  
Seedling Height ◽  
Dna Amount ◽  
Dna Variation ◽  
Seed Sources

Intraspecific variation of DNA per cell was established chemically and cytophotometrically for 17 seed sources of Picea glauca, and cytophotometrically for 11 sources of Pinus banksiana. The DNA Feulgen absorption per cell varied from the lowest to the highest amount by factors of 1.6 and 1.5 for Picea glauca and Pinus banksiana, respectively. Intraspecific DNA also varies with intraspecific nuclear volume. Intraspecific variation of histone was similar to the observed DNA variation. A regression analysis between DNA per cell and latitude provided evidence that eastern and western population series of Picea glauca existed in the seed sources studied. Two-year seedling height growth results demonstrated that eastern seed sources are different from western seed sources. Seedling height in the western provenances varied inversely with DNA content; i.e., seed sources with small DNA per cell displayed greater growth, whereas the eastern sources did not display the inverse relationship between DNA amount and 2-year growth.

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