QUANTITATIVE STUDY OF INTRASPECIFIC VARIATION OF DNA PER CELL IN PICEA GLAUCA AND PINUS BANKSIANA

1968 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 590-600 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerome P. Miksche
Keyword(s):  
Intraspecific Variation ◽  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Inverse Relationship ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Nuclear Volume ◽  
Seedling Height ◽  
Dna Amount ◽  
Dna Variation ◽  
Seed Sources

Intraspecific variation of DNA per cell was established chemically and cytophotometrically for 17 seed sources of Picea glauca, and cytophotometrically for 11 sources of Pinus banksiana. The DNA Feulgen absorption per cell varied from the lowest to the highest amount by factors of 1.6 and 1.5 for Picea glauca and Pinus banksiana, respectively. Intraspecific DNA also varies with intraspecific nuclear volume. Intraspecific variation of histone was similar to the observed DNA variation. A regression analysis between DNA per cell and latitude provided evidence that eastern and western population series of Picea glauca existed in the seed sources studied. Two-year seedling height growth results demonstrated that eastern seed sources are different from western seed sources. Seedling height in the western provenances varied inversely with DNA content; i.e., seed sources with small DNA per cell displayed greater growth, whereas the eastern sources did not display the inverse relationship between DNA amount and 2-year growth.

Initial Pinustaeda seedling height relationships with early survival and growth

1988 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 867-871 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. L. Tuttle ◽  
D. B. South ◽  
M. S. Golden ◽  
R. S. Meldahl
Keyword(s):  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Seedling Survival ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Southern United States ◽  
Seedling Height ◽  
Initial Field ◽  
Initial Height ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Seed Sources ◽  
Survival And Growth

Initial planting height of loblolly pine (Pinustaeda L.) seedlings from several nurseries and seed sources was related to survival and height growth on "good" and "poor" planting chances in Alabama. A planting chance was classified as poor if 2-year survival was less than 75% and total 2-year height growth was less than 75 cm. Seedling height (measured immediately following planting) was negatively related to survival, and the slope of the regression was four times greater when the planting chance was classified as poor than when it was classified as good. Initial height was also negatively related to 2-year height growth on poor planting chances, with shorter seedlings at planting reaching the same total height as taller ones after two seasons. As a result, initial field height on poor planting chances had little impact on total seedling height after two growing seasons. Therefore, there was no height growth advantage gained by planting seedlings taller than 20 cm when survival was less than 75%. Planting seedlings with heights of 20–34 cm was less of a problem when the planting chance was good. The use of shorter seedlings on planting chances where low survival may be expected may significantly increase loblolly pine seedling survival in the southern United States.

Growth and survival of Siberian larch in Alberta at the species, population, and family levels

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (9) ◽  
pp. 1042-1051
Author(s):  
Andy Benowicz ◽  
Jodie Krakowski ◽  
Deogratias Rweyongeza
Keyword(s):  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Siberian Larch ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Mature Trees ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Seed Sources ◽  
Species Population

Survival and growth of Siberian larch (SL, Larix sibirica Ledeb.) were compared with those of three conifer species native to Alberta, Canada: lodgepole pine (LP; Pinus contorta var. latifolia Engelm. ex S. Watson), white spruce (WS, Picea glauca (Moench) Voss), and jack pine (JP, Pinus banksiana Lamb.) at 12, 10, and 3 trial locations, respectively. The average data age was 18 years (range: 3 to 27 years). Survival of SL averaged 4.2% and 6.5% worse than LP and WS, respectively, while it was 5% better than JP. SL grew 25%, 94%, and 23% taller than LP, WS, and JP, respectively. Stem forking rates were similar between SL and LP, WS, and JP. The best seed sources for Alberta were mature trees established in Alberta and Saskatchewan of unknown initial provenances. The Russian Altai Mountain source grew well at high elevations, while the Finnish Raivola performed well in the northern, low-elevation area. Open-pollinated progeny tests of 58 families planted in five diverse locations yielded individual-tree narrow-sense heritabilities and family mean heritabilities for height at age 15 of 0.15 and 0.59, respectively. The type B between-site genetic correlation was 0.44, indicating a strong genotype × environment interaction. SL has performed well in Alberta, and its growth can be further improved by selection and breeding from appropriate seed sources.

scholarly journals A compilation of North American tree provenance trials and relevant historical climate data for seven species

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Clara Risk ◽  
Daniel W. McKenney ◽  
John Pedlar ◽  
Pengxin Lu
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Betula Alleghaniensis ◽  
Provenance Trial ◽  
Climate Data ◽  
Seed Transfer ◽  
Historical Climate ◽  
Seed Sources ◽  
Provenance Trials

AbstractTree provenance trials consist of a variety of seed sources (or provenances) planted at several test sites across the range of a species. The resulting plantations are typically measured periodically to investigate provenance performance in relation to abiotic conditions, particularly climate. These trials are expensive and time consuming to establish, but are an important resource for seed transfer systems, which aim to match planting sites with well-adapted (climatically suitable) seed sources. Provenance trial measurements may be underutilized because the data are scattered across publications, conference proceedings, and university theses. Here we document an effort to collect available provenance trial measurements and associated climate data for seven eastern North American tree species (Pinus strobus, Pinus banksiana, Picea glauca, Picea mariana, Quercus rubra, Larix laricina, Betula alleghaniensis). The resulting datasets included a total of 773 provenances and 62 test sites, with 65 historical climate variables appended to each location. We hope this data will support forest managers in making seed transfer decisions, particularly in an era of rapid climate change.

Boreal forest provenance tests used to predict optimal growth and response to climate change: 2. Black spruce

2009 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashley M. Thomson ◽  
Claire L. Riddell ◽  
William H. Parker
Keyword(s):  
Survival Data ◽  
Transfer Functions ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Optimal Growth ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Optimal Performance ◽  
Seed Sources ◽  
Contour Lines ◽  
Provenance Trials ◽  
Maximum Temperatures

Height, diameter, and survival data were obtained from 20 range-wide black spruce ( Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP) provenance trials established from 1973 to 1977. Population response functions based on February minimum temperatures were developed for 23 Ontario and Great Lakes states provenances to predict climate values maximizing height growth for individual seed sources. Site transfer functions based on February maximum temperatures and May maximum temperatures were developed for five test sites to predict climate values maximizing height growth for test locations. Contour lines representing optimal performance were fitted to current (1961–1990) and future (2041–2070) climate grids. For black spruce seed sources from the east of Lake Superior and Lake Huron, optimal height growth was achieved between 45° and 47°N; for the western sources optimal performance moved north between 46° and 48°N. In eastern Ontario, height growth of northern sources may increase with transfer to warmer environments and with future temperature increases. Central sources are currently growing at or close to optimum and will be negatively affected by increased future temperatures. Southern sources may currently benefit from transfer to cooler environments, and the effects of global warming may cause significant height growth loss and the potential extirpation of local populations.

scholarly journals Cold hardiness of white spruce, black spruce, jack pine, and lodgepole pine needles during dehardening

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (8) ◽  
pp. 1116-1122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rongzhou Man ◽  
Pengxin Lu ◽  
Qing-Lai Dang
Keyword(s):  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Visual Assessment ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Pine Needles ◽  
Late Winter

Conifer winter damage results primarily from loss of cold hardiness during unseasonably warm days in late winter and early spring, and such damage may increase in frequency and severity under a warming climate. In this study, the dehardening dynamics of lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl. ex. Loud), jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.), white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss), and black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P.) were examined in relation to thermal accumulation during artificial dehardening in winter (December) and spring (March) using relative electrolyte leakage and visual assessment of pine needles and spruce shoots. Results indicated that all four species dehardened at a similar rate and to a similar extent, despite considerably different thermal accumulation requirements. Spring dehardening was comparatively faster, with black spruce slightly hardier than the other conifers at the late stage of spring dehardening. The difference, however, was relatively small and did not afford black spruce significant protection during seedling freezing tests prior to budbreak in late March and early May. The dehardening curves and models developed in this study may serve as a tool to predict cold hardiness by temperature and to understand the potential risks of conifer cold injury during warming–freezing events prior to budbreak.

scholarly journals Assessing the Translucence and Color-Change Methods for Estimating Sapwood Depth in Three Boreal Species

Forests ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 686 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Quiñonez-Piñón ◽  
Caterina Valeo
Keyword(s):  
Populus Tremuloides ◽  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Wood Anatomy ◽  
Color Change ◽  
Microscopic Analysis ◽  
Forest Monitoring ◽  
Statistical Comparison ◽  
The Face ◽  
Species Specific

The translucence and color change in wood methods, which are commonly used to differentiate sapwood from heartwood in tree cores, are compared against the microscopic analysis of wood anatomy method for determining sapwood depth. The translucence method was tested on collected wood cores of White Spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) and Jack Pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.). The color change in wood method was tested on Trembling Aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.). For every statistical comparison, sapwood depth values obtained with the translucence or color-change methods were significantly different from those obtained using the microscopic analysis. Using the sapwood depth values obtained with microscopy as a reference, the bias associated with the translucence or color-change methods used on Picea glauca, Pinus banksiana and Populus tremuloides constantly under- or overestimated sapwood depths within −0.3 cm to 1.6 cm; −4.9 cm to 0.5 cm; and 0 to 1.8 cm, respectively. The different ranges of over- and underestimation arise from species-specific anatomical characteristics. Estimates for the errors in sapwood depth, when the depth is measured using either the translucence or color-change methods, are presented. These relationships and research outcomes will lead to more efficient forest monitoring and improved estimates of forest water balance, which in turn will lead to improved forest management in the face of climate change.

Silver Maple Seed Sources for Increased Biomass Production

1988 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 180-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard F. Kopp ◽  
Wayne A. Geyer ◽  
William R. Lovett
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Production ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Seed Source ◽  
Stem Number ◽  
Seed Sources ◽  
Short Rotation ◽  
Silver Maple ◽  
South Central ◽  
Maple Seed

Abstract Silver maple shows promise for use in short-rotation intensive culture energy plantings. A seed source study composed of trees from 26 midwest locations was established in south-central Nebraska in 1979 to determine where silver maple seed should be collected for use in the central Great Plains. Trees were evaluated for survival, height growth, and number of dominant stems per tree during their seventh growing season. Sources from eastern Nebraska, western Iowa, eastern Kansas, and northwest Missouri generally exhibited the greatest survival, height growth, and number of dominant stems. Height growth appears to be under stronger genetic control than stem number, suggesting that selection for height should take priority when selecting trees for biomass production. Geographic trends related to survival and height growth, but not stem number, were observed. Environmental or geographic factors that are strong predictors of seed source performance could not be identified. Planting the most locally produced seed is advisable for the central Plains. North. J. Appl. For. 5:180-184, Sept. 1988.

scholarly journals Application of Nursery Testing in Long-Term White Spruce Improvement Programs

2007 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 296-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuhui Weng ◽  
Kathy Tosh ◽  
Yill Sung Park ◽  
Michele S. Fullarton
Keyword(s):  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Positive Assortative Mating ◽  
The Family ◽  
Improvement Programs

Abstract Polycross-pollinated white spruce (Picea glauca [Moench] Voss) families were evaluated in field and retrospective nursery tests in 1989, 1991, and 1992, respectively. Height growth was measured at age 10 for the field tests and at ages 1 to 6 for the retrospective nursery tests. Except for a few cases, the family mean correlations between nursery and field heights were significant for the 1989 and 1992 series, and their corresponding genetic correlations ranged from low to medium (from 0.37 to 0.74). Because of heavy noncrop competition, height growth in the 1991 nursery series showed consistently lower heritabilities and correlations with field performance compared with those of the other two series. Early nursery selection by theoretical prediction was generally efficient for the 1989 and 1992 series. Rank classification analysis indicated that application of early nursery selection should be used with caution for identifying elite families but could be used to cull inferior families or clones, apply multiple-stage selection, or perform positive assortative mating.

scholarly journals Taper Equations for Five Major Commercial Tree Species in Manitoba, Canada

2007 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 163-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan J. Klos ◽  
G. Geoff Wang ◽  
Qing-Lai Dang ◽  
Ed W. East
Keyword(s):  
Populus Tremuloides ◽  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Volume Estimation ◽  
Trembling Aspen ◽  
Stem Form ◽  
Taper Equation ◽  
Taper Equations

Abstract Kozak's variable exponent taper equation was fitted for balsam poplar (Populus balsamifera L.), trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.), white spruce (Picea glauca [Moench] Voss), black spruce (Picea mariana [Mill.] B.S.P.), and jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) in Manitoba. Stem taper variability between two ecozones (i.e., Boreal Shield and Boreal Plains) were tested using the F-test. Regional differences were observed for trembling aspen, white spruce, and jack pine, and for those species, separate ecozone-specific taper equations were developed. However, the gross total volume estimates using the ecozone-specific equations were different from those of the provincial equations by only 2 percent. Although the regional difference in stem form was marginal within a province, a difference of approximately 7 percent of gross total volume estimation was found when our provincial taper equations were compared with those developed in Alberta and Saskatchewan. These results suggest that stem form variation increases with spatial scale and that a single taper equation for each species may be sufficient for each province.

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