An invasive urban forest pest invades natural environments — Asian longhorned beetle in northeastern US hardwood forests

2011 ◽  
Vol 41 (9) ◽  
pp. 1729-1742 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin J. Dodds ◽  
David A. Orwig
Keyword(s):  
Acer Saccharum ◽  
Radial Growth ◽  
Urban Forest ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Acer Rubrum ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Natural Environments ◽  
Longhorned Beetle ◽  
Natural Forests ◽  
Asian Longhorned Beetle

An infestation of Asian longhorned beetle (ALB) ( Anoplophora glabripennis (Motschulsky)) was detected in Worcester, Massachusetts, in 2008. The discovery of this pest, previously only seen in urban environments of North America, led to the unprecedented establishment of a 243 km2quarantine zone that included urban parks, neighborhoods, and natural forests. Because ALB behavior in forested stands is virtually unknown, two closed-canopied forested stands (Bovenzi and Delaval) infested with ALB within this zone were sampled during 2008–2010 to document stand conditions, assess ALB host selection, and determine ALB impact on tree growth. Thirty-two percent of the Acer sampled in Bovenzi were infested with ALB compared with 63% in Delaval. In Delaval where three maple host species were available, ALB was found more often in Acer rubrum L. than in Acer saccharum Marsh. or Acer platanoides L. Radial growth patterns did not differ between ALB-infested and uninfested Acer trees in Bovenzi. In contrast, ALB-infested trees in Delaval were significantly older and larger than uninfested trees and exhibited slower radial growth and ring width index patterns compared with uninfested trees. Results suggest that if left uncontrolled, ALB can readily disperse into natural forest landscapes and alter the makeup of North America’s hardwood forest region.

Contrasting radial growth and canopy recruitment patterns in Liriodendrontulipifera and Nyssasylvatica: gap-obligate versus gap-facultative tree species

1994 ◽  
Vol 24 (11) ◽  
pp. 2141-2149 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A. Orwig ◽  
Marc D. Abrams
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Forest Dynamics ◽  
Radial Growth ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Canopy Gaps ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Growth Strategies ◽  
Shade Tolerant Species ◽  
Quercus Forests

Radial growth patterns, canopy recruitment characteristics, and disturbance histories were examined in a shade-tolerant species, Nyssasylvatica Marsh., and a shade-intolerant species, Liriodendrontulipifera L., to determine the influence of canopy gaps in species with contrasting life histories. Tree cores of these co-occurring species were taken from three mixed-Quercus forests in northern Virginia. Most N. sylvatica individuals became established prior to 1850 and experienced multiple release and suppression periods coinciding with logging during the late 1800s and early 1900s. Many L. tulipifera became established during the early 1900s following logging, and only a few individuals experienced prolonged suppression periods. Regardless of site, L. tulipifera grew faster than N. sylvatica (average radial growth >1.70 mm/year for L. tulipifera vs. <0.82 mm/year for N. sylvatica.). Liriodendrontulipifera also exhibited longer periods of mean yearly growth >2 mm (15–37 years for L. tulipifera vs. <5 years for Nsylvatica). Consecutive growth <0.5 mm/year ranged from 43 to 66 years in N. sylvatica vs. 2–11 years in L. tulipifera. Ring width patterns indicate that both species used different strategies following disturbance that enabled them to coexist in these forests. Nyssasylvatica persisted in subcanopy positions for extended periods of time but was capable of responding to release even after 170 years (i.e., gap facultative). In contrast, L. tulipifera appeared to rely on a strategy of rapid height and radial growth for canopy accession following large disturbances (i.e., gap obligate). The results of this study indicate the importance of using dendroecological techniques in the study of forest dynamics and species' growth strategies.

Variation in radial growth patterns of Pseudotsuga menziesii on the central coast of British Columbia, Canada

2004 ◽  
Vol 34 (9) ◽  
pp. 1946-1954 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qi-Bin Zhang ◽  
Richard J Hebda
Keyword(s):  
Tree Ring ◽  
Pseudotsuga Menziesii ◽  
Radial Growth ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
High Elevation ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Bella Coola ◽  
Growing Season Precipitation

Radial growth of trees in mountainous areas is subject to conditions associated with changes in elevation. We present ring-width chronologies for Douglas-fir trees (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco var. menziesii) at nine sites spanning low to high elevations in the Bella Coola area of the central coast of British Columbia, near the northern limits of the species distribution, and investigate the variation in tree-ring growth patterns in relation to different elevations, using principal component (PC) analysis. We find that the first PC, which represents 55.6% of the total variance, reflects a common growth response at sites of different elevation. Response function analysis indicates that growing season precipitation is the major factor in controlling tree-ring growth. This factor explains more of the variance in low-elevation sites than it does in high-elevation ones. Temperature in August of the preceding year shows a negative relationship to ring-width growth. The second PC represents 16.7% of the total variance and reveals a distinct difference in growth response between low- and high-elevation sites. The length and temperature of the growing season seem to play an important role in tree-ring growth at sites of high elevation. Comparison of the Bella Coola records with those from southern Vancouver Island suggests that growing season precipitation influences growth of Douglas-fir on a macroregional scale, but other factors such as temperature modify the growth response at the limits of the distribution of the species.

PATTERNS IN GROWTH OF EARLYWOOD, LATEWOOD, AND PERCENTAGE LATEWOOD DETERMINED BY COMPLETE ANALYSIS OF 18 DOUGLAS-FIR TREES

1966 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 453-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. G. Smith ◽  
L. Heger ◽  
J. Hejjas
Keyword(s):  
Pseudotsuga Menziesii ◽  
Radial Growth ◽  
Annual Ring ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Complete Analysis ◽  
Annual Rings ◽  
Breast Height

Widths of earlywood and latewood in each annual ring, measured on an average radius on a disk taken halfway between each branch whorl, were analyzed to define their variation in 18 Douglas-fir trees (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco). Distribution of ring width and percentage latewood also was investigated in these trees which had from 20 to 50 whorls above stump height. Multiple regression and correlation analyses showed that number of rings from pith, and its reciprocal, square, or logarithm accounted for most of the variation in radial growth. Number of rings from pith influenced thickness of both earlywood and latewood much more than the climatic differences reflected by variations in annual height growth and in widths of earlywood and latewood formed at breast height in the same calendar year. Since earlywood and latewood are distributed differently and controlled by different factors, they should be studied separately within annual rings. The statistical methods used in this study provide a simple, efficient, and comprehensive basis for thoroughly describing growth patterns, and for objectively analyzing factors that govern growth.

scholarly journals Radial growth trends of loblolly pine in the Virginia Coastal Plain

1996 ◽  
Vol 26 (9) ◽  
pp. 1660-1669 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory A. Reams
Keyword(s):  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Coastal Plain ◽  
Radial Growth ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Age Classes ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Forest Inventory And Analysis ◽  
Growth Trends ◽  
Individual Tree Growth

A number of recent studies have shown reduced individual-tree growth throughout the 1970s and early 1980s in natural loblolly pine (Pinustaeda L.) stands in the southeastern United States. This study updates radial growth trends of loblolly pine in the Virginia Coastal Plain through 1989. Ring-width series were initially grouped into two age-classes (<50 or ≥50 years) and a clustering procedure was used to identify common radial growth patterns. These data suggest that radial growth trends of loblolly pine are cyclic and support previous findings of reduced growth in the 1970s. A reversal in trend has occurred since the early 1980s with radial growth increasing since then for both old and young trees. This change to increased growth corroborates the finding of increased growth of loblolly pine identified in the most current Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) survey cycle for the Virginia Coastal Plain.

scholarly journals Street Tree Diversity in Eastern North America and Its Potential for Tree Loss to Exotic Borers

2006 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 297-304
Author(s):  
Michael Raupp ◽  
Anne Cumming ◽  
Erin Raupp
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Urban Forest ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Emerald Ash Borer ◽  
Urban Forests ◽  
Dutch Elm Disease ◽  
Eastern North America ◽  
Longhorned Beetle ◽  
Asian Longhorned Beetle ◽  
Generic Level

In light of catastrophic tree losses caused by Dutch elm disease, foresters recommended that the urban forest be diversified. The intent was to create a more sustainable urban forest that would not be decimated by a single pathogen or insect pest. However, recent introductions of deadly borers such as Asian longhorned beetle and emerald ash borer reveal that new introductions can have disastrous consequences for urban forests. An analysis of tree inventories from 12 cities in eastern North America reveals an overabundance of certain genera of trees such as Acer and Fraxinus. Introduced pests with broad host ranges such as the Asian longhorned beetle may be capable of killing or forcing intervention on large numbers of trees. Even cities that have diversified at a low taxonomic level (cultivar or species) may suffer greatly from the depredations of insect pests such as the emerald ash borer that specialize on plants at the generic level. Generalists capable of feeding on plants in several families will create problems for urban forests even when attempts have been made to diversify at higher taxonomic levels. Urban foresters should avoid planting susceptible taxa of trees, especially in cities that are overstocked in these taxa, and consider diversifying greatly the types of trees in cities.

scholarly journals Disentangling Mechanisms of Drought-Induced Dieback in Pinus nigra Arn. from Growth and Wood Isotope Patterns

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1339
Author(s):  
Ester González de Andrés ◽  
Jesús Julio Camarero
Keyword(s):  
Water Use ◽  
Radial Growth ◽  
Tree Mortality ◽  
Pinus Nigra ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Natural Forests ◽  
Northern Spain ◽  
Hydraulic Failure ◽  
Intrinsic Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Growth Decline

The increased frequency and intensity of warming-induced droughts have triggered dieback episodes affecting many forest types and tree species worldwide. Tree plantations are not exempt as they can be more vulnerable to drought than natural forests because of their lower structural and genetic diversity. Therefore, disentangling the physiological mechanisms leading to growth decline and tree mortality can provide tools to adapt forest management to climate change. In this study, we investigated a Pinus nigra Arn. plantation situated in northern Spain, in which some trees showed canopy dieback and radial-growth decline. We analyzed how radial growth and its responses to drought events differed between non-declining (ND) and declining (D) trees showing low and high canopy defoliation, respectively, in combination with carbon (δ13C) and oxygen (δ18O) isotope ratios in tree rings. The radial growth of P. nigra was constrained by water availability during the growing season and the previous autumn. The radial growth of D trees showed higher sensitivity to drought than ND trees. This fact is in accordance with the lower drought resilience and negative growth trends observed in D trees. Both tree classes differed in their growth from 2012 onwards, with D trees showing a reduced growth compared to ND trees. The positive δ13C-δ18O relationship together with the uncoupling between growth and intrinsic water-use efficiency suggest that D trees have less tight stomatal regulation than ND trees, which could involve a high risk of xylem embolism in the former class. Our results suggest that different water use strategies between coexisting ND and D trees were behind the differences in growth patterns and point to hydraulic failure as a possible mechanism triggering dieback and growth decline.

scholarly journals Review of Host Trees for the Wood-Boring Pests Anoplophora glabripennis and Anoplophora chinensis: An Urban Forest Perspective

2014 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Henrik Sjöman ◽  
Johan Östberg ◽  
Johan Nilsson
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Urban Forest ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Urban Trees ◽  
Anoplophora Glabripennis ◽  
Longhorned Beetle ◽  
Asian Longhorned Beetle ◽  
Complete Life Cycle ◽  
Wood Boring

Two devastating insect pests have been introduced to North America and Europe – the Asian longhorned beetle (ALB) (Anoplophora glabripennis) and the citrus longhorned beetle (CLB) (Anoplophora chinensis). These two wood-boring beetles are argued to be one of the most serious threats to the tree landscape since they have a large number of host species and genera. With the aim of creating an up-to-date compilation of these hosts, a systematic review was made of the literature for information on tree species attacked and used by ALB and CLB as hosts for complete life cycle or for feeding. This review revealed that a large number of tree species and genera are liable to be attacked by ALB and CLB. However, based on the findings, the whole picture is still unclear. One reason for this is the lack of transparency in published studies regarding lists of susceptible tree species for ALB and CLB. Another factor that needs to be reported is whether a tree species supports the complete life cycle of the beetles or just feeding by adult beetles. Without this information, species possessing moderate host qualities are at risk of being incorrectly labelled as very good hosts and hence excluded as urban trees.

Decay of birdseye sugar maple (Acer Saccharum) and curly red maple (Acer Rubrum)

2020 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 292-297
Author(s):  
Tara Lee Bal ◽  
Katherine Elizabeth Schneider ◽  
Dana L. Richter
Keyword(s):  
Acer Saccharum ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Acer Rubrum ◽  
Red Maple

scholarly journals Comparison of the Radial Growth Response of Picea crassifolia to Climate Change in Different Regions of the Central and Eastern Qilian Mountains

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 1015
Author(s):  
Xuan Wu ◽  
Liang Jiao ◽  
Dashi Du ◽  
Changliang Qi ◽  
Ruhong Xue
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Tree Growth ◽  
Central Region ◽  
Radial Growth ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Qilian Mountains ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Total Precipitation ◽  
Picea Crassifolia ◽  
The Qilian Mountains

It is important to explore the responses of radial tree growth in different regions to understand growth patterns and to enhance forest management and protection with climate change. We constructed tree ring width chronologies of Picea crassifolia from different regions of the Qilian Mountains of northwest China. We used Pearson correlation and moving correlation to analyze the main climate factors limiting radial growth of trees and the temporal stability of the growth–climate relationship, while spatial correlation is the result of further testing the first two terms in space. The conclusions were as follows: (1) Radial growth had different trends, showing an increasing followed by a decreasing trend in the central region, a continuously increasing trend in the eastern region, and a gradually decreasing trend in the isolated mountain. (2) Radial tree growth in the central region and isolated mountains was constrained by drought stress, and tree growth in the central region was significantly negatively correlated with growing season temperature. Isolated mountains showed a significant negative correlation with mean minimum of growing season and a significant positive correlation with total precipitation. (3) Temporal dynamic responses of radial growth in the central region to the temperatures and SPEI (the standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index) in the growing season were unstable, the isolated mountains to total precipitation was unstable, and that to SPEI was stable. The results of this study suggest that scientific management and maintenance plans of the forest ecosystem should be developed according to the response and growth patterns of the Qinghai spruce to climate change in different regions of the Qilian Mountains.

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