The response of bud morphogenesis in black spruce and white spruce provenances to environmental variables

1979 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. F. W. Pollard ◽  
K. T. Logan
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Variables ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Nutrient Supply ◽  
Treatment Interaction ◽  
Terminal Buds ◽  
Experimental Treatments ◽  
Moisture Potential ◽  
Soil Moisture Potential ◽  
Needle Primordia

Complements of needle primordia were assessed on terminal buds of 1-year spruce (Picea) seedlings formed during experimental treatments of temperature, light intensity, soil moisture potential, and nutrient supply. Several provenances of widely scattered locations were examined in each experiment. While there were strong provenance and treatment effects in most experiments, in no instance was provenance × treatment interaction detected. The results are discussed in relation to genotype × environment interactions reported in field trials.

The effects of light intensity, photoperiod, soil moisture potential, and temperature on bud morphogenesis in Picea species

1977 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 415-421 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. F. W. Pollard ◽  
K. T. Logan
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Experimental Treatment ◽  
Bud Formation ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Bud Set ◽  
Picea Species ◽  
Moisture Potential ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
Soil Moisture Potential ◽  
Needle Primordia

Environmental factors of bud morphogenesis in young spruce seedlings were investigated by inducing bud set, subjecting the plants to various treatments during bud formation, then counting the numbers of needle primordia formed when bud morphogenesis was complete. Ambient temperatures greatly influenced needle initiation; the optimum was at least 25 °C, and initiation was much slower at 20 and 15 °C. By contrast, light intensities between 3350 and 22 000 lx had little effect. There was no response to photoperiod between 6 and 15 h, but initiation was markedly reduced at less than 6 h. Responses to soil moisture potential were also weak, in the range of 0 to −900 kPa, although a delay in attainment of experimental treatment may have obscured a stronger influence. Bud morphogenesis retarded by unfavourable environmental conditions ceased at the same time as (or earlier than) morphogenesis under favourable conditions. The practical implications of a definite morphogenetic interval are discussed.

Nutrient supply and belowground interaction alter responses to CO2 elevation in black spruce and white spruce

2020 ◽  
Vol 472 ◽  
pp. 118271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qing-Lai Dang ◽  
Jacob Marfo ◽  
Fengguo Du ◽  
Md. Shah Newaz
Keyword(s):  
Black Spruce ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Nutrient Supply ◽  
Co2 Elevation

Gibberellin A4/7 enhances seed-cone production in field-grown black spruce

1988 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rong H. Ho
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Shoot Elongation ◽  
Bud Burst ◽  
Lateral Shoot ◽  
Cone Production ◽  
Seed Cone ◽  
Vegetative Bud ◽  
Needle Primordia

Black spruce (Piceamariana (Mill.) B.S.P.) grafts growing in a seed orchard were sprayed with gibberellin A4/7, and grafts and trees in families growing in arboreta were sprayed with gibberellin A4/7 and (or) vitamin E from vegetative bud burst to the end of shoot elongation. Gibberellin A4/7 was very effective in promoting seed cones and 400 mg/L appeared optimal. Vitamin E at 1000 mg/L was not effective. Vegetative bud burst occurred in mid-May and shoot elongation ended in late June. Needle primordia were visible on the apices of newly formed buds at the end of June. Reproductive buds had fewer bud scales than vegetative buds. It appeared that potential reproductive buds terminated their bud scale initiation earlier. Gibberellin A4/7 application to promote seed-cone production should be carried out before bud-type differentiation. This coincides with the end of lateral shoot elongation.

scholarly journals Effects of Organic Manure Source and Weeding Frequencies on Growth Parameters of Jute Mallow (Corchorus olitorious)

2020 ◽  
pp. 28-36
Author(s):  
M. M. Olorukooba ◽  
R. Suleiman ◽  
O. Olukotun ◽  
R. Mohammed ◽  
E. Apene ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Organic Manure ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
Weed Infestation ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Experimental Treatments

Field trials were carried out during 2018 and during 2019 dry season periods at Federal College of Forestry and Mechanization Afaka Kaduna, located between latitude 10° 35”N and longitude 007° 21”E at altitude 644 m above sea level, to determine the effects of organic manure source and weeding frequencies on growth parameters of jute mallow (Corchorus olitorious). The experimental treatments consists of ten combinations of poultry manure + weed free, cow dung + weed free, goat dropping + weed free, poultry manure + weeding at 2 WAT, cow dung + weeding at 2 WAT, goat dropping + weeding at 2 WAT, poultry manure + weeding at 4 WAT, cow dung + weeding at 4 WAT, goat dropping + weeding at 4 WAT and  no organic manure application + no weeding which were laid out in a randomize complete block design (RCBD) and replicated 3 times The growth parameters observed  and measured were crop vigour score, plant height, shoot diameter, number of leaves and number of  primary branches. Result of the study showed that at harvest (8 WAT) all the treatments significantly affected the vigour of jute mallow crop and gave comparable score than the least observed with no nutrient + no weeding as control. The result revealed that plant growth at harvest exhibited significantly taller plant with application of poultry manure + weeding at 2 WAT. In conclusion the result obtained from the study showed that poultry manure at 4 tons /ha + weeding at 4 WAT resulted in taller plant height, wider shoot diameter, increased number of leaves, number of branches than all other treatment due to lower weed infestation, it is therefore recommended as the best treatment combination to obtained the best growth rate of jute mallow.

Effect of Soil Water Potential Controlling on the Rice Growth

2012 ◽  
Vol 170-173 ◽  
pp. 2407-2413 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Chen ◽  
Dao Cai Chi ◽  
En Bo Tai ◽  
Xu Dong Zhang ◽  
Tao Tao Chen
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Potential ◽  
Eating Quality ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Maturity Stage ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Moisture Potential ◽  
Soil Moisture Potential

Pot experiments were conducted under different status of soil moisture potential during different stages of rice. The results show that soil moisture potential regulation and control is able to increase the rice yield at each growth stages after returning green, the suitable soil water potential criteria for middle-season rice in Liaoning province at different stages is 5~10kPa in tillering initial stage, 35kPa at most in tillering final stage, 5~10kPa in jointing and heading stages, not more than 20kPa in Milk maturity stage; re-watering post drought has a compensation effect to rice whose soil suction potential is controlled in 5~10kPa at tillering initial stage according to the results that its tillers number, output, final root dry biomass and leaf dry weight were significant exceeding contrast; The research on rice quality indicates that water stress in jointing stage increase protein content but reduce eating quality.

Effect of damaging main stem terminals at various stages of flowering, on yield of cotton in south-east Queensland

1977 ◽  
Vol 17 (89) ◽  
pp. 1032 ◽  
Author(s):  
AL Bishop ◽  
RE Day ◽  
PRB Blood ◽  
JP Evenson
Keyword(s):  
Field Trials ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Main Stem ◽  
Production Yield ◽  
Phenological Stages ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Terminal Buds ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
Fruit Formation

Damage by the cotton tipworm, Crocidosema plebeiana Zeller, was simulated in field trials by the removal of terminal buds (tipping) at different phenological stages coinciding with tipworm presence on cotton grown in south-eastern Queensland. The effect of this damage was considered in relation to the induced changes in crop morphology, fruit production, yield and harvestability of cotton grown under field conditions. No significant differences in fruit formation and yield were established. There were significant delays in times to 50 per cent flowering and boll opening in plants tipped before squaring had commenced. Changes in the location of monopodial branches arising from the main stem were induced in plants tipped pre-squaring but this did not significantly affect the harvestability.

SUSCEPTIBILITY OF THE BLACK SPRUCE CONE MAGGOT, STROBILOMYIA APPALACHENSIS MICHELSEN (DIPTERA: ANTHOMYIIDAE) TO ENTOMOPATHOGENIC NEMATODES (NEMATODA: STEINERNEMATIDAE)

1995 ◽  
Vol 127 (6) ◽  
pp. 865-875 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.D. Sweeney ◽  
G.N. Gesner
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Steinernema Carpocapsae ◽  
Repeated Applications

AbstractLarvae of the black spruce cone maggot, Strobilomyia appalachensis, were infected and killed by Steinernema carpocapsae (Weiser) All and Umeå strains, S. feltiae (Filipjev) (= bibionis) strain 27, and S. glaseri Steiner strain 326, in laboratory tests. After formation of puparia, however, cone maggots were practically resistant to all species and strains tested. Very few or no maggots were infected when nematodes were sprayed on or injected into infested spruce cones. The survival, activity, and infectivity of infective juveniles held in an aerated infusion of black spruce cones were significantly lower compared with those held in aerated water. In peat–sand columns, the proportion of larvae infected with S. feltiae, but not S. carpocapsae Umeå strain, was significantly greater when larvae were dropped immediately or 1 day following nematode application compared with 1 day before or 3 days following nematode application. Our results suggest that, in field trials for cone maggot suppression, nematodes should be applied within a day prior to larval drop and that repeated applications may be required for persistence of sufficient infectivity.

Plant diversity, composition, and rarity in the southern boreal peatlands of Manitoba, Canada

2006 ◽  
Vol 84 (6) ◽  
pp. 940-955 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A. Locky ◽  
Suzanne E. Bayley
Keyword(s):  
Plant Diversity ◽  
Environmental Variables ◽  
Vascular Plants ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
General Pattern ◽  
Boreal Peatlands ◽  
Environmental Extremes ◽  
Low Diversity ◽  
Total Diversity ◽  
High Diversity

Plant diversity and rarity have been relatively well studied for bryophytes in Canadian western boreal peatlands, but little information exists for vascular plants. Diversity, community composition, and rarity of bryophytes and vascular plants were determined and relationships examined among these and environmental variables in five peatland types at Duck Mountain, Manitoba: wooded bogs, black spruce swamps, wooded moderate-rich fens, open moderate-rich fens, and open extreme-rich fens. Total diversity was 298 species comprising 86 bryophytes and 212 vascular plants. Mean diversity followed a unimodal distribution over a bog – rich fen gradient. Wooded moderate-rich fens (59.0) and black spruce swamps (53.4) had the highest mean diversity, whereas wooded bogs (32.3) and open extreme-rich fens (34.7) had the lowest mean diversity. Occurrences of locally rare species followed the same general pattern, and provincially rare vascular plants were found primarily in wooded moderate-rich fens and black spruce swamps and were mostly orchids. Reasons for these patterns are complex, but high diversity appears to be related to high habitat heterogeneity and moderate environmental variables, e.g., pH and alkalinity, and low diversity appears to be related to environmental extremes, e.g., pH and alkalinity. Boreal wooded moderate-rich fens and black spruce swamps have comparatively high plant diversity and rarity and require consideration if the focus is biodiversity conservation. This will become increasingly important in landscapes where development pressures are high.

scholarly journals MINING RESIDUE IN THE COMMERCIAL LIMESTONE BLENDING AND THE CHEMICAL ATTRIBUTES OF A LATOSOL

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 223-234
Author(s):  
João Vidal de Negreiros Neto ◽  
Rubens Ribeiro da Silva ◽  
Gilson Araujo de Freitas ◽  
Angela Franciely Machado ◽  
Antônio Clementino dos Santos
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Soil Acidity ◽  
Mining Activity ◽  
The Third ◽  
Chemical Attributes ◽  
Mining Residues ◽  
Moisture Potential ◽  
Soil Moisture Potential ◽  
Selection Of

The limestone mining activity causes environmental impacts due to the generation of waste. However, the reuse of these residues has been investigated with the objective of improving soil fertility and acidity correction. The objective of this work was to evaluate the potential for using mining residues in the commercial limestone blending and in the chemical attributes of a dystrophic Red Yellow Latosol. The experiment was carried out in three steps: the first corresponded to the sampling and characterization of the residues in the tailings pile; the second was the combination and characterization of the new soil acidity correction agents as well as the selection of treatments based on the Neutralization Power and doses of soil acidity correction agetns (0.0; 0.5; 1.0; 2.0; 4.0 t ha-1); in the third step, a test of the incubation and calibration of the application doses of the soil acidity correction agents was performed. It was found that even with the raise in the levels of Ca2+ and Mg2+ in the correction agents, it was not possible to provide an optimal supply of nutrients to the soil, a fact explained by the low constant solubility of CaCO3 and MgCO3. However, the commercial limestone blending with tailing was efficient, as it had a significant effect on raising the pH and neutralizing the soil moisture potential.

scholarly journals PLANT MOISTURE AVAILABILITY ASSESSMENT

2011 ◽  
pp. 20-31
Author(s):  
N. Muromtsev
Keyword(s):  
Narrow Range ◽  
Optimal Level ◽  
Meteorological Conditions ◽  
Functional Dependencies ◽  
Optimal Criterion ◽  
Moisture Supply ◽  
Plant Moisture ◽  
Availability Assessment ◽  
Moisture Potential ◽  
Soil Moisture Potential

The regularities of moisture behavior in the system of surface air - vegetation cover - soil with the use of moisture potential are established. It is shown that the moisture potential in soil, leaves of plants, changes in the moisture potential in the soil-plant system, and relative transpiration is related to functional dependencies. It is well established that each group plants (hygrophytes, mesophytesand xerophytes) is characterized a certain narrow range of soil moisture potential, in which the relative transpiration values do not fall below the optimal level (1.0-0.9). This interval is virtually independent of soil properties and meteorological conditions и can be used as the optimal criterion for plant moisture supply.

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