SUSCEPTIBILITY OF THE BLACK SPRUCE CONE MAGGOT, STROBILOMYIA APPALACHENSIS MICHELSEN (DIPTERA: ANTHOMYIIDAE) TO ENTOMOPATHOGENIC NEMATODES (NEMATODA: STEINERNEMATIDAE)

1995 ◽  
Vol 127 (6) ◽  
pp. 865-875 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.D. Sweeney ◽  
G.N. Gesner
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Steinernema Carpocapsae ◽  
Repeated Applications

AbstractLarvae of the black spruce cone maggot, Strobilomyia appalachensis, were infected and killed by Steinernema carpocapsae (Weiser) All and Umeå strains, S. feltiae (Filipjev) (= bibionis) strain 27, and S. glaseri Steiner strain 326, in laboratory tests. After formation of puparia, however, cone maggots were practically resistant to all species and strains tested. Very few or no maggots were infected when nematodes were sprayed on or injected into infested spruce cones. The survival, activity, and infectivity of infective juveniles held in an aerated infusion of black spruce cones were significantly lower compared with those held in aerated water. In peat–sand columns, the proportion of larvae infected with S. feltiae, but not S. carpocapsae Umeå strain, was significantly greater when larvae were dropped immediately or 1 day following nematode application compared with 1 day before or 3 days following nematode application. Our results suggest that, in field trials for cone maggot suppression, nematodes should be applied within a day prior to larval drop and that repeated applications may be required for persistence of sufficient infectivity.

MANAGEMENT OF LATE-SEASON ADULTS OF THE COLORADO POTATO BEETLE (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE) WITH ENTOMOPATHOGENIC NEMATODES

1998 ◽  
Vol 130 (4) ◽  
pp. 509-514 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeff G. Stewart ◽  
Gilles Boiteau ◽  
Joe Kimpinski
Keyword(s):  
New Brunswick ◽  
Colorado Potato Beetle ◽  
Prince Edward Island ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Steinernema Carpocapsae ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Potato Beetle ◽  
Untreated Check ◽  
Repeated Applications

AbstractThe susceptibility of Colorado potato beetle [Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say), Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae] to entomopathogenic nematodes (Steinernema carpocapsae, ’All’ strain, Nematoda: Heterorhabditae) was tested in the laboratory and the field in 1992 and 1993. Under laboratory conditions, applications of 5.0 × 105S. carpocapsae per square metre to larvae, pupae, and (or) adults resulted in 100% mortality in all experimental groups. Steinernema carpocapsae persisted through the larval–pupal and pupal–adult transitions. A single application of nematodes was sufficient to control the Colorado potato beetle. The following treatments were tested at field sites in New Brunswick and Prince Edward Island: (i) untreated check, (ii) application of nematodes, or (iii) application of insecticides. Straw mulch was either present or absent in each treatment. In 1992 in New Brunswick, nematodes and fenvalerate reduced Colorado potato beetle populations by 31% compared with the untreated check. However, in 1993, differences among treatments were not significant. The results from the field trials in Prince Edward Island were variable; the life expectancy of nematodes is likely shorter in the field than under laboratory conditions. Further investigation into the benefits of repeated applications of nematodes, higher rates, or improvements in application technology are required to achieve consistent control of the Colorado potato beetle.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Entomopathogenic Nematodes as Biological Control against the Banded Ash Clearwing Borer

1996 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah C. Smith-Fiola ◽  
Stanton A. Gill ◽  
Robert G. Way
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Steinernema Carpocapsae ◽  
Shopping Mall ◽  
Fraxinus Pennsylvanica ◽  
Green Ash ◽  
Pupal Exuviae ◽  
Parking Lot

Abstract Three species of entomopathogenic nematodes were evaluated for suppression of the banded ash clearwing borer (BACB; Podosesia aureocincta) attacking green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica). Field trials were located in Howard County, Maryland (shopping mall parking lot), utilizing Steinernema carpocapsae and S. feltiae, and Ocean County, New Jersey (suburban street trees), utilizing Steinernema carpocapsae, S. feltiae, and S. glaseri. Nematodes were applied as bark sprays in June (NJ), July (MD), and October (NJ) using a backpack sprayer. Examination of pupal exuviae and/or adult emergence revealed reduced BACB populations in 7 of 9 nematode treatments, with control ranging from 12-54 percent. Nematode sprays applied to dry bark did not provide acceptable control.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Biological and Chemical Applications for Control of Iris Borer

1997 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 108-110
Author(s):  
Stanton A. Gill ◽  
Michael J. Raupp
Keyword(s):  
Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽  
Heterorhabditis Bacteriophora ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Steinernema Carpocapsae ◽  
Systemic Insecticide ◽  
Significant Control ◽  
Synthetic Chemicals ◽  
Research And Education

Abstract Two species of entomopathogenic nematodes, Steinernema carpocapsae and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora, and two synthetic chemicals, Dimetheoate and Imidachloprid, were evaluated for suppression of the iris borer, Macronoctua onusta, on bearded iris. Field trials were conducted in prepared planting beds of bearded iris established at the Central Maryland Research and Education Center in Ellicott City, MD. Examination of larval galleries in the rhizome and number of live larvae found were used to evaluate the effectiveness of each treatment. The applications of all rates of entomopathogenic nematodes and the systemic insecticide, Imidachloprid, gave control equal to that of Dimethoate. All treatments gave significant control of iris borer compared to the control. Imidachloprid reduced borer larvae by 87% reduction; S. carpocapsae (all rates and aerated and none aerated) provided 100% control; H. bacteriophora provided 87% control; as did Dimetheoate.

Effectiveness of Entomopathogenic Nematodes Against Ceratitis capitata (Diptera: Tephritidae) Pupae and Nematode Compatibility with Chemical Insecticides

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maguintontz Cedney Jean-Baptiste ◽  
Andressa Lima de Brida ◽  
Daniel Bernardi ◽  
Sérgio da Costa Dias ◽  
Juliano de Bastos Pazini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽  
Ceratitis Capitata ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Steinernema Carpocapsae ◽  
Mediterranean Fruit Fly ◽  
Fruit Crops ◽  
Class 1 ◽  
Pupal Mortality

Abstract The Mediterranean fruit fly Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann, 1824) (Diptera: Tephritidae) is among the main pests of fruit crops worldwide. Biological control using entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) may be an alternative to suppress populations of this pest. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the pathogenicity and virulence of six EPN isolates (Heterorhabditis bacteriophora HB, H. amazonensis IBCB-n24, Steinernema carpocapsae IBCB-n02, S. rarum PAM-25, S. glaseri IBCB-n47, and S. brazilense IBCB-n06) against C. capitata pupae. The compatibility of EPNs with different chemical insecticides that are registered for management of C. capitata was also assessed. Isolates of H. bacteriophora HB and S. brazilense IBCB-n06 at a concentration of 1,000 infective juveniles (IJ)/ml proved to be most pathogenic to C. capitata (70 and 80% mortality, respectively). In contrast, the isolates H. amazonensis IBCB-n24, Steinernema carpocapsae IBCB-n02, S. rarum PAM-25, S. glaseri IBCB-n47 provided pupal mortality of less than 60%. Bioassays to determine lethal concentrations indicated that concentrations of 600 IJ/ml (H. bacteriophora HB) and 1,000 IJ/ml (S. brazilense IBCB-n06) showed the highest virulence against C. capitata pupae. In contrast, the highest numbers of IJs emerged at concentrations of 1,200 and 200 IJ/ml. In compatibility bioassays, malathion, spinetoram, phosmet, acetamiprid, and novaluron were considered compatible with and harmless (Class 1) to H. bacteriophora HB and S. brazilense IBCB-n06, according to IOBC/WPRS. This information is important for implementing integrated management programs for C. capitata, using biological control with EPNs, whether alone or in combination with chemical insecticides.

scholarly journals Sustainable Control of Equine Nematodes: A Literature Review about Control by Fungal Cultures

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 20
Author(s):  
Heli I. Koskinen
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Review Of Literature ◽  
Veterinary Practitioner ◽  
New Knowledge

Larsen, Nansen, Grönvold, Wolstrup and Henriksen (1997) have previously reviewed the prospects of control of equine nematodes by using fungal cultures. Since then more investigations have been implemented and actualized. Field trials and laboratory tests have been reported with new perspectives and increasing number of animals in trials. The aim of this new review of literature is to add new knowledge to those questions that remained open in the 1990s. In particular, on the perspective of veterinary practitioner and sustainable use of deworming practices it is important to know those directions which should be followed.

scholarly journals Laboratory and field evaluation of pyriminyl as a poison for Rattus norvegicus

1980 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 347-354
Author(s):  
B. D. Rentnison ◽  
R. Redfern ◽  
A. C. Dubock ◽  
J. E. Gill ◽  
C. G. J. Richards
Keyword(s):  
Rattus Norvegicus ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Field Evaluation ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Zinc Phosphide ◽  
Optimum Concentration ◽  
Commercial Use

SUMMARYLaboratory tests indicated that the optimum concentration for pyriminyl in rat baits was between 1% and 3%. In field trials in which 0·5% pyriminyl (the concentration in commercial use) was compared with 2·5% zinc phosphide for the control of rats on farms, the pyriminyl treatments were significantly less effective than the zinc phosphide even when the poisoned baits were left down for 7 days instead of 1 day after prebaiting. Both poisons were as effective in medium oatmeal bait as they were in medium oatmeal containing 5% corn oil and 5% sugar.

Laboratory bioassays of virulence of entomopathogenic nematodes against soil-inhabiting stages of Frankliniella occidentalis Pergande (Thysanoptera: Thripidae)

Nematology ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 539-547 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dammini Premachandra ◽  
Christian Borgemeister ◽  
Oliver Berndt ◽  
Ralf-Udo Ehlers ◽  
Hans-Michael Poehling
Keyword(s):  
Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽  
Frankliniella Occidentalis ◽  
Western Flower Thrips ◽  
Steinernema Carpocapsae ◽  
Steinernema Feltiae ◽  
Flower Thrips ◽  
Laboratory Trial ◽  
Dose Response Study ◽  
First Time ◽  
Laboratory Bioassays

Abstract The efficacy of entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN) was evaluated in a laboratory trial against soil-dwelling stages, late second instar larvae and pupal stages of western flower thrips (WFT), Frankliniella occidentalis Pergande. Among the six EPN strains assessed for the first time, Steinernema feltiae (Nemaplus®) and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (HD01) caused 65 and 59% mortality, respectively. Steinernema carpocapsae (Agriotos) and S. arenarium (Anomali) caused moderate mortality (40-45%) while Steinernema spp. (Morocco) and H. bacteriophora (Nematop®) had little effect. In a dose response study with concentrations of 100, 400 and 800 infective juveniles (IJ) per cm2 soil of H. bacteriophora (HK3), S. feltiae (Nemaplus®) and H. bacteriophora (HD01), mortality increased only up to 400 IJ cm-2. The rate of infectivity of H. bacteriophora (HK3) and S. feltiae (Nemaplus®) indicated that both strains could survive at least 6 days in the soil and infect WFT immature stages.

scholarly journals Biological activity of entomopathogenic nematodes on Anastrepha fraterculus (Diptera: Tephritidae)

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. e37047
Author(s):  
Sandra Mara Chaneiko ◽  
Andressa Lima de Brida ◽  
Daniel Bernardi ◽  
Luis Garrigós Leite ◽  
Flávio Roberto Mello Garcia
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Biological Activity ◽  
Maximum Concentration ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽  
Steinernema Carpocapsae ◽  
Steinernema Feltiae ◽  
Anastrepha Fraterculus ◽  
Pupal Mortality ◽  
Control Tool

Anastrepha fraterculus (Wiedemann) is one of the main pests of fruit farming, and entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) represent an important control tool of this species. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the biological activity of different isolate against A. fraterculus larvae and adults. Bioassays were performed using a suspension of three isolates of Heterorhabditis amazonensis IBCB 24, Steinernema carpocapsae IBCB 02 and Steinernema feltiae IBCB 47 at six concentrations (control - without nematodes), 50, 150, 300, 500, 1000 and 1500 infective juveniles (IJs)/mL of water per 3º instar larvae. It was verified the susceptibility of larvae of A. fraterculus to isolates of EPNs and a significant increase of the pupal mortality in the function of the concentration of IJs inoculated by larva (above 75%). After the dissection of pupae and adults of A. fraterculus from infected larvae, the concentration of 1500 IJs/mL of EPNs provided the highest rate of multiplication of IJs by insect, equating to maximum concentration tested 1500 IJs/mL. Adults of A. fraterculus from larvae infected with EPNs longevity of five days, being less than adults from uninfected larvae by IJs (135 days). H. amazonensis IBCB 24, S. carpocapsae IBCB 02, and S. feltiae IBCB 47 proved to be promising as agents of biological control of A. fraterculus.

scholarly journals Analysis of biological parameters of Boophilus microplus Canestrini, 1887 exposed to entomopathogenic nematodes Steinernema carpocapsae Santa Rosa and All strains (Steinernema: Rhabditida)

2005 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 911-919 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gláucia Marques Freitas-Ribeiro ◽  
John Furlong ◽  
Viviane Oliveira Vasconcelos ◽  
Cláudia Dolinski ◽  
Alan Loures-Ribeiro
Keyword(s):  
Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽  
Petri Dish ◽  
Boophilus Microplus ◽  
Steinernema Carpocapsae ◽  
Survival Period ◽  
Cattle Tick ◽  
Reproductive Efficiency ◽  
Biological Parameters ◽  
Positive Role ◽  
Efficiency Rate

Engorged and partially engorged females of Boophilus microplus were exposed to 600; 3,000; 6,000 and 30,000 infective juveniles of Steinernema carpocapsae Weiser, 1955 Santa Rosa and All strains per dish, under lab conditions. Eggs weight, pre-laying period, laying period, survival period, reproductive efficiency rate, percentage of larval eclosion and lethal concentrations of 50% and 90% (CL50 and CL90) were calculated for engorged females. In the case of partially engorged females, only egg weight, survival period and CL50 and CL90 were calculated. All biological parameters of engorged or partially engorged females were altered by exposition of S. carpocapsae infective juveniles (IJs), Santa Rosa and All strains (p<0.05). The increase in the response was directly proportional to the increase of IJs concentration per Petri dish (p<0.05). Results suggested that entomopathogenic nematodes could have a positive role in the control of cattle tick.

CONTROL OF SPRUCE BUDMOTH, ZEIRAPHERA CANADENSIS MUT. AND FREE., IN WHITE SPRUCE PLANTATIONS WITH ENTOMOPATHOGENIC NEMATODES, STEINERNEMA SPP.

1991 ◽  
Vol 123 (2) ◽  
pp. 379-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.C. Eidt ◽  
Gary B. Dunphy
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Steinernema Carpocapsae ◽  
Infective Juvenile ◽  
Soil Drench ◽  
Population Reduction

AbstractA spruce budmoth population reduction of 82%, as measured by moth emergence, was realized after a foliar spray in which Futura®, a commercial Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner (B.t.) formulation, was added to a suspension of Steinernema carpocapsae (Weiser). The nematode suspension, which took advantage of the wetting and spreading agents in the formulation, was applied to runoff at the rate of 9785 viable infective juvenile nematodes per litre. Mortality was attributed to the nematodes; B.t. was not available to the cryptic larvae. Soil drench treatments were encouraging, and suggested that applications of nematodes to the soil may be feasible.

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