scholarly journals Use of active microorganisms of the Pseudomonas genus during cultivation of maize in field conditions

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 26-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Holečková Zlata ◽  
Kulhánek Martin ◽  
Hakl Josef ◽  
Balík Jiří
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Nitrification Inhibitor ◽  
Calcium Nitrate ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Silage Maize ◽  
Urea Ammonium Nitrate

The aim of this research is to estimate the influence of a bioeffector (BE) application on dry matter yield and nutrient content (P, K, Ca, Mg, S) in maize (Zea mays L.). Between 2014 and 2016, a field experiment with silage maize as a testing plant was realized on sandy loam Cambisol. The application of Pseudomonas sp. in combination with phosphorus (rock phosphate (RP) or triple superphosphate (TSP)) and nitrogen fertilizers (ammonium nitrate with urea, ammonium nitrate with limestone, calcium nitrate or ammonium sulfate with a nitrification inhibitor) and with different application strategies was studied. The effects of a bioeffector application on the increase of dry matter yields were not confirmed. An important influence on the BE application and its activity was probably those of soil and site conditions and competition of the researched microorganisms with other present microorganisms. Higher yields of dry matter were shown in treatments where P fertilizers were applied. There was almost no difference between the application of RP and TSP. This could be caused by the fact that the soil had a slightly acidic pH value. In this case, the RP showed similar results to the TSP. The application of bioeffector significantly increased Mg, K and S contents in maize above-ground biomass. An increase of the Ca content was almost significant and a tendency towards a higher average content of phosphorus was also recorded.

Effects of Different Foliar-applied Nitrogen Fertilizers on Balsam Woolly Aphid

1973 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 122-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Roderick Carrow ◽  
Robert E. Betts
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Calcium Nitrate ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Acid Diet ◽  
Woolly Aphid ◽  
Urea Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Induced Changes

Balsam woolly aphids were reared on young grand fir trees maintained in controlled environment or outdoors. Solutions of various nitrogen fertilizers were applied repeatedly to the trees and the effects on aphids and bark amino acids were studied. On trees fertilized with ammonium nitrate or a sequence of compounds, aphid population growth was less than on trees fertilized with urea or potassium ammonium nitrate. On urea-fertilized trees, populations multiplied 16.5 times in five generations, compared with a 5.7-fold increase on unfertilized trees and a 1.4-fold increase on ammonium nitrate-fertilized trees. These differences resulted from effects of these nutrients on aphid life history. Urea promoted aphid establishment and reproduction, whereas ammonium nitrate affected these processes, as well as survival, adversely. The highest establishment and survival rates resulted from potassium ammonium nitrate.These differences may be related to fertilizer-induced changes in the amino acid diet of the aphid. Thin layer electrophoresis and chromatography revealed that urea, ammonium nitrate, and calcium nitrate each increased arginine concentrations in the bark, the highest levels resulting from ammonium nitrate. Traces of phenylalanine and asparagine, found in other treatments, were absent from trees fertilized with ammonium nitrate during June.

A comparison of the effects of liquid manure (urine and water) and nitrogen fertilizers applied to a grass-clover sward on soils of different pH value

1987 ◽  
Vol 108 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. E. Castle ◽  
D. Reid
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Urea Solution ◽  
Fertilizer Treatment ◽  
Liquid Manure ◽  
Clover Content

SummaryIn a 3-year plot experiment on a perennial ryegrass plus white clover sward the pH of the soil on the main plots was adjusted to, and maintained as nearly as possible at, target levels of 5·25, 6·00 and 6·75 by applying either sulphur or lime. Within the main plots the effects on herbage yield, clover content and crude-protein content of applying four fertilizers were compared at nitrogen rates of 225 and 450 kg/ha annually. The fertilizers were liquid manure (urine plus water), prilled urea, a urea solution and an ammonium-nitrate fertilizer. The applications of the urea and the ammonium-nitrate fertilizers were accompanied by dressings of a potassium fertilizer which supplied the same weights of potassium as in the liquid manure. On average the smallest yields of dry matter and crude protein were associated with the lowest soil pH with no significant interactions between pH and fertilizer treatment. The liquid manure gave slightly smaller total yields of mixed herbage dry matter than the other fertilizers, particularly at the low nitrogen rate. The herbage from the liquid manure treatment had a higher clover content and produced a greater total yield of clover dry matter. The effects of the liquid manure on the clover agree with those noted in previous experiments, but no evidence was found that these effects resulted from the liquid manure increasing the pH of the soil and improving the conditions for clover growth. Similarly, no proof was obtained that the clover effects were due to the nitrogen in the liquid manure being wholly in the ammonium form. However, the value of liquid manure as a fertilizer for grassland was demonstrated clearly.

scholarly journals Studies of the influences of different N fertilizers and Microbion UNC bacterial fertilizer on the nutrient content of soil

2010 ◽  
pp. 134-140
Author(s):  
Andrea Balla Kovács ◽  
Anita Szabó ◽  
Emese Bartáné Szabó
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Calcium Nitrate ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Organic N ◽  
Total N ◽  
N Fertilizers ◽  
Soil Measurements

A field experiment was conducted to examine the effects of different nitrogen fertilizers in combination with bacterial fertilizer onnutrient uptake of horseradish and plant available nutrients of the soil. Three different N fertilizers, ammonium-nitrate, urea and calciumnitrate(116 kg ha-1 N) in combination with Microbion UNC bacterial fertilizer (2 kg ha-1) were applied as treatments in a randomizedcomplete block design in three replications. In this paper we presented the results of soil measurements. The soil of the experimental areawas chernozem with medium sufficiency level of N and P and poor level of K.Our main results:The amount of 0.01M CaCl2 soluble inorganic nitrogen fractions, NO3--N and NH4+-N and also the quantity of soluble organic-N werealmost the same in the soil. N fertilizers significantly increased all the soluble N fractions. The amount of NO3--N increased to the greatestextent and the increase of organic N was the slightest. We measured the largest CaCl2 soluble NO3- -N and total-N contents in the plotstreated with ammonium-nitrate, the largest NH4+-N in the plots treated with calcium-nitrate and the largest organic-N fraction in plotstreated with urea.Bacterial inoculation also increased both soluble inorganic nitrogen forms and also total-N content of soil compared to the control. Inthe case of combined (artificial and bacterial fertilizer) treatments we measured lower NO3--N, organic-N and total-N compared to thevalues of plots having only nitrogen fertilizer treatments. On the contrary in the plots with combined treatments the CaCl2 soluble NH4+-Ncontent of soil in more cases were higher than that of values with artificial fertilizer treatment.As a function of calcium-nitrate application increased AL-P2O5 and AL-K2O values were measured compared to control. MicrobionUNC supplement of calcium nitrate yielded also increase in AL-P2O5 and AL-K2O values, till then supplement of ammonium-nitrate fertilizeryielded a decrease in these values compared to the control.All nitrogen fertilizers resulted in a significant decrease in AL-Mg content of soil compared to the control. Nevertheless bacterialfertilizer increased AL-Mg values in any cases.

scholarly journals Pronitridine Nitrification Inhibitor With Urea Ammonium Nitrate for Corn

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly A. Nelson
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Nitrification Inhibitor ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Nitrification Inhibitors ◽  
Agronomic Efficiency ◽  
N Removal ◽  
Claypan Soil ◽  
Urea Ammonium Nitrate

Nitrification inhibitors have been used to enhance the efficiency of nitrogen fertilizers. This research evaluated the effectiveness of nontreated urea ammonium nitrate (UAN) at 0, 67, 135, 202, and 270 kg N ha-1 as well as UAN treated with nitrification inhibitors (pronitridine at 9.4 and 18.8 L ha-1 or nitrapyrin at 0.5 kg a.i. ha-1) to enhance N uptake and increase yield of corn (Zea mays L.). The study took place from 2012-2014 in upstate Missouri on a claypan soil. During the experiments, environmental conditions (high, medium, and low yielding years) affected corn response to pronitridine and nitrapyrin. In general, UAN plus pronitridine at 9.4 L ha-1 had similar effects on corn compared pronitridine at a higher (18.7 L ha-1) rate. During a high-yielding year (2014), in order to produce yields equivalent to 67 kg N ha-1 plus pronitridine at 9.4 L ha-1 or nitrapyrin, UAN needed to be increased 14 to 19%. Similarly, the amount of nontreated UAN needed to be increased 8 to 11% for yields to be equivalent to UAN at 135 kg N ha-1 plus pronitridine at 9.4 L ha-1 or nitrapyrin. Grain N removal and agronomic efficiency was highest with pronitridine at 9.4 L ha-1 and nitrapyrin combined with 67 and 135 kg N ha-1, respectively. This research indicates that pronitridine was as effective as nitrapyrin when added to a pre-emergence application of UAN placed between the rows in a dribble band.

The effect of a nitrification inhibitor on the concentration of nitrate in plants

1967 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Z. Nowakowski ◽  
J. K. R. Gasser
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Ammonium Sulphate ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Nitrification Inhibitor ◽  
Calcium Nitrate ◽  
Nitrate Content ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Permanent Grassland ◽  
Nitrate N

Calcium nitrate, or ammonium sulphate without or with 1% of the nitrification inhibitor 2-chloro-6 (trichloromethyl) pyridine were applied in the spring to winter wheat growing on clay- and sandyloam soils; 50 or 100 lb N/acre was applied on the clay-loam and 75 or 150 lb N/acre on the sandyloam. On permanent grassland ammonium nitrate or ammonium sulphate without or with 1 or 2% of inhibitor were broadcast to supply 100 or 200 lb N/acre. Winter wheat was sampled 32 days, and grass 68 days after applying fertilizers. Ammonium sulphate increased nitrate in the wheat on the clayloam soil but significantly less with than without the inhibitor. On the sandy-loam, wheat given ammonium sulphate with and without the inhibitor contained similar amounts of nitrate-N. The double amount of ammonium sulphate without inhibitor increased the nitrate content of grass most, and the nitrate content decreased with increasing amount of inhibitor.

scholarly journals Calcium nitrate and ammonium nitrate limestone as sources of nitrogen for oats and barley

1961 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 159-168
Author(s):  
Pentti Hänninen ◽  
Armi Kaila
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Calcium Nitrate ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
The Other ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Malting Barley ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Cent Level

Calcium nitrate and ammonium nitrate limestone (»Oulunsalpietari») were compared as the nitrogen fertilizer for oats in 15 field trials and for barley in one trial. The trials were carried out in summers 1959 and 1960 in various places in Finland. The split plot technique was employed in order to reduce the variation as much as possible. In 1959 the amounts of nitrogen applied as these two fertilizers to the corresponding halves of the plots were 25 and 50 kg/ha. In 1960 also higher applications were used: 75 and 100 kg/ha of N. In three trials these fertilizers were compared both as a surface dressing and worked in. Visual observations suggested about 5—6 weeks after sowing a darker green colour in the stands treated with calcium nitrate as compared with the other half treated with ammonium nitrate limestone. These differences later disappeared. In some trials a higher nitrogen content of the plants from the calcium nitrate stands could be demonstrated during this period. The uptake of nitrogen by plants was regularly followed throughout the growing period. Owing to the large variation, usually, no statistically significant difference between the effect of the fertilizers could be detected. In a few cases the superiority of calcium nitrate could be demonstrated. No differences in the ripening could be found. In most trials there was a fairly regular tendency to higher yields and higher nitrogen content in the grain and straw produced by calcium nitrate. Yet, only in a few cases were the differences statistically significant at the five per cent level. Thus, it was concluded that on the basis of the results of these trials ammonium nitrate limestone and calcium nitrate may be considered practically equal as nitrogen fertilizers for oats. There was no difference in the yields of barley produced by these two fertilizers, but the nitrogen content of grains was significantly lower with ammonium nitrate limestone than with calcium nitrate. This may be worth further study in connection with the production of malting barley.

scholarly journals Physico-chemical characteristics and productivity of tomato plants in function of nitrogen sources and doses

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Natália Silva Assunção ◽  
Natalia Oliveira Silva ◽  
Flávio Lemes Fernandes ◽  
Leonardo Angelo de Aquino ◽  
Maria Elisa De Sena Fernandes
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Leaf Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Tomato Plants

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of nitrogen sources and rates on the physicochemical characteristics and yield of tomato plants. Forty hybrids were cultivated at 100 and 400 kg ha-1 of N, combined with four sources (urea, ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate and calcium), plus a treatment without N application in a randomized complete block design four replicates. Size, stem diameter, number of leaves, SPAD (Soil Plant Analysis Development), leaf nitrogen, number of fruits / plants, fruit firmness, bark thickness and average fruit size, ° BRIX, pH, calcium, potassium and sodium in fruits. There was an increase in SPAD index, Brix and longitudinal diameter of fruits as a function of the N dose. The use of ammonium nitrate and calcium provided stronger fruits. Urea and ammonium nitrate provided the highest pH value in tomato fruits. The application of the 100 kg ha-1 dose of N resulted in the highest potassium content in fruits. The highest productivity was obtained with the application of sources containing ammonium and the lowest in the control treatment. Sources and doses of nitrogen fertilizers influenced growth, productivity and parameters related to tomato quality.  

Fertilisation azotée en forêt de pin gris (Pinusbanksiana). I. Cheminement des engrais dans le sol

1981 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 414-422
Author(s):  
C. Camiré ◽  
B. Bernier
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Ammonium Sulfate ◽  
Nitrogen Availability ◽  
Urea Formaldehyde ◽  
Calcium Nitrate ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Original Form ◽  
Coated Urea

Six nitrogen fertilizers (urea, sulfur-coated urea, urea-formaldehyde, ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulfate, and ammonium nitrate) were individually applied, either in fall or in spring, at a rate of 224 kg N/ha and compared for nitrogen retention in the different horizons of a podzol under jack pine. Despite its susceptibility to nitrogen losses through ammonia volatilization, urea was by far, among readily available nitrogen fertilizers, the one whose nitrogen is best retained in soil surface horizons. Retention varied with weather conditions that prevailed immediately after fertilizer application. With the other fertilizers used, nitrogen retention followed this order: ammonium sulfate > ammonium nitrate > calcium nitrate. After four seasons, about 50% of the nitrogen applied as sulfur-coated urea and urea-formaldehyde was still found in its original form. Ammonium sulfate is next to urea among the recommended nitrogen sources for similar jack pine sites, considering that fertilizers with nitrate are prone to leaching and the sulfur-coated urea and urea-formaldehyde used presented problems of nitrogen availability.

Ten-year growth results of nitrogen source and interprovincial experiments on jack pine

1984 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 424-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. F. Weetman ◽  
R. M. Fournier
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Calcium Nitrate ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Fertilizer Efficiency ◽  
Fertilizer Use ◽  
Stand Growth ◽  
Volume Response ◽  
Urea Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Repeated Applications ◽  
N Fertilizer Efficiency

Sample plots in a 45-year-old jack pine (Pinusbanksiana Lamb.) stand in Quebec were fertilized with urea, ammonium nitrate, and calcium nitrate in single applications of 112 or 448 kg N/ha. There were no significant differences in periodic volume response owing to the form of N added; applications of 112 kg N/ha gave temporary increases in stand growth which lasted 4–5 years, while applications of 448 kg N/ha produced responses lasting 7–8 years. In an experiment of the standardized interprovincial series no significant differences in periodic volume response were found although there was an indication of increased response to the addition of P with N. Fertilizer efficiency was examined for single and repeated applications on the site. The most efficient fertilizer use was with repeated light applications of 56 kg N/ha, requiring 8 kg N for every cubic metre per hectare produced.

The effects on winter wheat of ammonium sulphate, with and without a nitrification inhibitor, and of calcium nitrate

1968 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. K. R. Gasser ◽  
F. G. Hamlyn
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Ammonium Sulphate ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Nitrification Inhibitor ◽  
Calcium Nitrate ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Light Soil ◽  
Heavy Soil ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Effect On Yield

SUMMARYWinter wheat grown on a sandy-loam and on a clay-loam soil was given ammonium sulphate alone or treated with the nitrification inhibitor, 2-chloro-6-(trichloromethyl)- pyridine, drilled with seed, in autumn. In spring, dressings of treated or untreated ammonium sulphate or of calcium nitrate, were broadcast. 75 or 150 lb N/acre were given on the sandy loam and 50 or 100 lb on the clay loam. Plants were sampled during growth and grain yield was measured.Without fertilizer-N, the wheat yielded 17 cwt/acre on the sandy-loam and 46 cwt on the clay, and with the double dressings given in spring yields were 52 and 56 cwt/ acre. On the light soil, treated ammonium sulphate given in autumn increased yield by 3–5 cwt/acre with the single dressing and by 5–4 cwt/acre with the double one.On the heavy soil the inhibitor had no effect on yield. Dressings of 50 lb N/acre in autumn or spring increased yields equally, but with 100 lb N/acre the spring dressing increased yield slightly more than autumn dressings. Calcium nitrate at 75 lb N/acre was significantly better than ammonium sulphate on the light soil.The inhibitor did not affect the speed with which N was taken up, or the total uptake, from fertilizer given in spring.

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