Effects of prolonged cold storage on phenology and performance of Douglas-fir and noble fir 2 + 0 seedlings from high-elevation sources

1986 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 471-475 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chao-Hsiung Tung ◽  
Luci Wisniewski ◽  
David R. DeYoe
Keyword(s):  
Cold Storage ◽  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
High Elevation ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Bud Burst ◽  
Diameter Increment ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Seed Sources ◽  
Noble Fir

Survival, phenology, and growth performance of 2 + 0 Douglas-fir (Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco) and noble fir (Abiesprocera Rehd.) seedlings planted at 1500 m in the Oregon Cascade Range were determined following a lifting on November 7 with 7 months of cold storage or lifting on March 1 with 3 months of cold storage. Storage temperature remained between 1 and 2 °C. There was no difference in Douglas-fir survival attributable to the lifting – cold-storage treatments during the first two growing seasons. The first-season survival of noble fir stored for 7 months was superior to that of those stored for 3 months, but no difference was evident after the second growing season. Timing of bud burst did not differ significantly among treatments for either species. However, the rate of bud burst was significantly greater for noble fir seedlings lifted in November and stored 7 months than for those lifted in March and stored 3 months. No difference in the rate of bud burst was observed between treatments for Douglas-fir. Shoot/root ratio for both species and treatments decreased significantly in the first growing season, but did not change significantly in the second growing season. Regardless of species, no differences were found in height growth or diameter increment between the two lifting – cold-storage treatments for the two consecutive growing seasons. The results suggest that Douglas-fir and noble fir seedlings originating from high-elevation seed sources can be lifted in fall and cold stored for 7 months without adverse effects on seedling performance.

Ectomycorrhizae and growth of Douglas-fir seedlings preinoculated with Rhizopogonvinicolor and outplanted on eastern Vancouver Island

1993 ◽  
Vol 23 (8) ◽  
pp. 1711-1715 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.M. Berch ◽  
A.L. Roth
Keyword(s):  
Cold Storage ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Vancouver Island ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
The Other ◽  
Field Soil ◽  
Field Season ◽  
Ectomycorrhizal Colonization ◽  
Growth Differences ◽  
And Control

Ectomycorrhizal colonization of container-grown Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco (Douglas-fir) inoculated with Rhizopogonvinicolor A.H. Smith was determined after cold storage and after one growing season on a clearcut on eastern Vancouver Island. Inoculated Douglas-fir seedlings were taller than noninoculated controls when outplanted but, perhaps because of browse damage, no growth differences were found after one field season. Rhizopogonvinicolor colonized all of the inoculated but none of the control seedlings examined after cold storage. Volunteer Thelephoraterrestris Fr. colonized almost half of the control and 10% of the inoculated seedlings before outplanting. After one field season, inoculated and control seedlings were colonized by 15 ectomycorrhizal fungi each, only eight of which were found on both. Rhizopogonvinicolor persisted on the roots of inoculated plants, but was also present in the field soil since the control seedlings also bore these mycorrhizae after one growing season. The relative abundance of T. terrestris decreased from the nursery to the field. The other common ectomycorrhizae in the field included Myceliumradicisatrovirens Melin, Cenococcumgeophilum Fr., and types resembling Tuber and Endogone.

A note on root development, bud activity, and survival of Douglas-fir, and survival of western hemlock and noble-fir seedlings, following exposure to ethylene during cold storage

1992 ◽  
Vol 22 (8) ◽  
pp. 1195-1200 ◽  
Author(s):  
John I. Blake ◽  
Robert G. Linderman
Keyword(s):  
Cold Storage ◽  
Root Development ◽  
Seedling Survival ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Western Hemlock ◽  
Bud Break ◽  
Ethylene Treatment ◽  
Root Numbers ◽  
Noble Fir

Three cold storage experiments were conducted with bare-root Douglas-fir (Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco) seedlings from coastal Oregon and eastern Washington Cascade sources. The objectives were to determine the effects of ambient, below-ambient (KMnO4 pellets), and 0.5 and 5 ppm ethylene during short-term storage on subsequent root development (expt. 1) and bud activity (expt. 2), and to relate these results to survival in the field after prolonged cold storage (expt. 3). Root numbers and lengths were measured 28 days following a 7-day storage period after lifting seedlings on September 27 and December 1. In the coastal source, root numbers and lengths in the 5 ppm ethylene treatment were, respectively, 46 and 49% greater in September, and 22 and 13% greater in December, than the controls. No comparable treatment effects were found for the Cascade source. Neither the KMnO4 nor the 0.5 ppm ethylene treatments affected root development in either seed source. For terminal buds in the controls, the number of days to 50% bud break was increased 2–8 days by a 30-day cold storage period compared with a 7-day period. For the coastal source, no increase in the time to 50% bud break was observed in the 5 ppm ethylene treatment. Seedling survival was evaluated in the field for the same treatments following 4 months cold storage for the Douglas-fir sources, coastal western hemlock (Tsugaheterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.), and noble fir (Abiesprocera Rehd.). Survival for the 5 ppm ethylene treatment compared with the control was increased by 55% in the coastal Douglas-fir source and by 13% in western hemlock. These results suggest that stimulated root development and bud activity may be partially responsible for the observed survival increase following cold storage at elevated ethylene levels.

Bulldozing stumps and nitrogen fertilization affect growth of Douglas-fir seedlings

1988 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 803-806 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. G. Thies ◽  
E. E. Nelson
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Olympic Peninsula ◽  
Diameter At Breast Height ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Growth Of Seedlings

Eight treatments involving stump removal by bulldozing in combination with nitrogen fertilization were applied to 0.04-ha circular plots in a clear-cut on the Olympic Peninsula, Washington. Treatments included stump removal (either all stumps removed or the plot left undisturbed) and broadcast fertilization with ammonium nitrate (0, 336, 672, or 1345 kg N ha−1). Diameter at breast height and height of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco) seedlings, planted several months after treatment, were recorded five and eight seasons after outplanting. The results showed that either bulldozing stumps from the site or fertilizing with ammonium nitrate increased growth of seedlings through their eighth growing season. After eight growing seasons, bulldozing had increased seedling height by 23% and diameter at breast height by 43%; fertilizing produced increases of 13% in height and 17% in diameter at breast height.

scholarly journals Effects of Swiss Needle Cast on Three Douglas-Fir Seed Sources on a Low-Elevation Site in the Northern Oregon Coast Range: Results after Five Growing Seasons

2001 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter W. Kastner ◽  
Steve M. Dutton ◽  
David M. Roché
Keyword(s):  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Coast Range ◽  
Oregon Coast Range ◽  
Oregon Coast ◽  
Needle Cast ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Seed Sources ◽  
Coastal Fog ◽  
Swiss Needle Cast ◽  
Natural Stands

Abstract Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii) seedlings grown from three seed sources were evaluated for 5 yr on a high-disease-hazard site for their relative tolerance to Swiss needle cast. The seed sources were: (1) seed collected from trees showing an apparent degree of tolerance to Swiss needle cast in natural stands in the coastal fog belt, (2) open-pollinated seed orchard seed collected from random single-pair crosses of parent trees in natural stands outside of the coastal fog belt, but west of the Oregon Coast Range summit, whose progeny demonstrated an apparent degree of disease tolerance in coastal Douglas-fir progeny test sites, and (3) standard reforestation seed purchased from a commercial vendor. There were no significant differences among seed sources in basal diameter and total height for all five growing seasons. Needle retention varied among seed sources over the 5 yr period, but current-year needle retention did not vary significantly after the fifth growing season, and retention of 1- and 2-yr-old needles was relatively low for all seed sources. The intense disease pressure on this site may have overwhelmed expression of disease tolerance among seed sources. We do not recommend planting Douglas-fir on such high-hazard sites. West J. Appl. For. 16(1):31–34.

Herbaceous weed control in young conifer plantations with formulations of nitrogen and simazine

1990 ◽  
Vol 20 (11) ◽  
pp. 1685-1689 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diane E. White ◽  
Michael Newton
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Factorial Experiment ◽  
Nitrogen Rate ◽  
Conifer Plantations ◽  
Survival And Growth ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Noble Fir ◽  
Herbaceous Weed Control

Weed control and 2nd-year survival and growth of newly planted Douglas-fir (Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco) and noble fir (Abiesprocera Rehd.) seedlings were measured after application of herbicide and fertilizer in a replicated complete factorial experiment with four levels of simazine (0, 2.2, 4.4, 8.8 kg/ha), three levels of nitrogen (0, 110, 220 kg/ha), two types of nitrogen (urea prill; urea + trimamino-s-triazine (TST) prill), and two kinds of formulations (cogranular prill of simazine + nitrogen; nitrogen prill followed by liquid simazine). For the first growing season, total weed and grass control increased with increasing simazine rates. Total weed control was better when urea + TST, rather than urea alone, was applied in conjunction with simazine. Formulation and nitrogen rate were not significant. After plot treatment with 1.1 kg/ha of liquid hexazinone at the beginning of the second growing season, Douglas-fir survival decreased as rate of urea alone increased; survival decreased with little or no weed control and remained constant or increased with good weed control as rate of urea + TST increased. Noble fir height and diameter and Douglas-fir diameter declined with poor weed control but increased at least to the levels of untreated seedlings with good weed control. Noble fir diameter responded positively to added nitrogen. Although simazine may be toxic to 1st-year conifers, this study suggests that more complete weed control in conjunction with fertilization may benefit young conifer plantations.

Survival and Growth of Douglas-Fir Seedlings with Spot-Spraying, Mulching and Root-Dipping

1986 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 108-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chao-Hsiung Tung ◽  
Jim Batdorff ◽  
David R. DeYoe
Keyword(s):  
Pseudotsuga Menziesii ◽  
Seedling Survival ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Vegetation Management ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
The Third ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Survival And Growth ◽  
Survival Of Seedlings

Abstract Two vegetation management methods, paper mulching and spot-spraying with glyphosate, were combined with a root-dipping treatment, Terra Sorb®, to test effects on seedling survival and height growth on a harsh site in Oregon. Survival of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) seedlings was significantly higher after the third growing season when competing vegetation had been controlled with mulch or glyphosate during the first two growing seasons. Seedlings retreated with paper mulch and glyphosate before the second growing season had 36 and 25% higher survival than those that were not retreated. None of the seedlings was retreated before the third season; after this season, survival of seedlings treated twice with glyphosate was 26, 23, and 21% higher than seedlings receiving one glyphosate treatment and one or two mulch applications, respectively. There were no differences in seedling height growth among treatments. Rootdipping with Terra Sorb® did not influence survival or growth. West. J. Appl. For. 1:108-111 Oct. 86.

Top pruning Douglas-fir seedlings: morphology, physiology, and field performance

1987 ◽  
Vol 17 (11) ◽  
pp. 1371-1378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary L. Duryea ◽  
Steven K. Omi
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Cultural Practice ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Field Growth ◽  
Seed Sources ◽  
Full Effect ◽  
Terminal Buds ◽  
Multiple Leaders

Seedlings from nine Douglas-fir (Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco) seed sources were top pruned at six nurseries in the Pacific Northwest and then planted at field sites in their own seed zones and on one common site. Seedlings pruned tall (25 cm) and early in the growing season flushed again about 5 weeks after pruning and set bud 2 weeks later than unpruned controls. Nursery yield (number of shippable seedlings) was the same for tall–early pruned and control seedlings; however, pruning increased the number of seedlings with multiple leaders from 10 to 38%. Pruned seedlings were smaller than unpruned seedlings in height, stem diameter, bud length, and root and shoot weights at the time of field planting. First-year field survival and growth were the same for pruned and unpruned seedlings at all planting sites. Second-year field growth of pruned seedlings was generally greater than that of unpruned seedlings, and frequency of multiple leaders was reduced. However, pruned seedlings were still shorter than unpruned ones after 2 years. Field growth was greater when seedlings were pruned early rather than late (end of growing season) and tall rather than short (15 cm). Late–short pruning yielded shorter seedlings with smaller terminal buds and should be avoided. If pruning benefits nurseries by expediting grading, handling, and planting and, perhaps, enhancing growth later in the field, it should be continued as a cultural practice. However, longer-term measurements are needed for assessing the full effect of pruning on seedling growth.

scholarly journals Tree Shelters Improve the Survival and Growth of Planted Engelmann Spruce Seedlings in Southwestern Colorado

2001 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 114-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglass F. Jacobs ◽  
Klaus Steinbeck
Keyword(s):  
Rocky Mountains ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
High Elevation ◽  
Picea Engelmannii ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Tree Shelters ◽  
Engelmann Spruce ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Survival And Growth

Abstract Shade-tolerant Engelmann spruce (Picea engelmannii) is a difficult species to reforest successfully in the high-elevation spruce-fir forests of the Rocky Mountains. This study investigated the use of plastic tree shelters as a form of shade protection and a means to improve the growth and survival of planted Engelmann spruce seedlings in southwest Colorado. A total of 1500 seedlings were planted into a 48 ha clearcut site at an average elevation of 3273 m. Treatments included four different colors of tree shelters and a control where seedlings were planted using the traditional shading method. This consisted of shading the seedlings using logging slash, stumps, and vegetation within the site. After two growing seasons, survival was 58% for the control treatment and ranged from 95 to 99% in the lighter three shelter color treatments. The darkest shelter color resulted in 95% mortality after the first growing season. Both height and diameter growth of surviving seedlings were significantly greater in the lightest two shelter color treatments as compared to the control treatment. These results indicate that tree shelters may provide an effective method of improving high-elevation Engelmann spruce reforestation programs. West. J. Appl. For. 16(3):114–120.

scholarly journals Differences in bud burst timing and bud freezing tolerance among interior and coastal seed sources of Douglas fir

Trees ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 1987-1998 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cecilia Malmqvist ◽  
Elisabeth Wallin ◽  
Anders Lindström ◽  
Harald Säll
Keyword(s):  
Freezing Tolerance ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Bud Burst ◽  
Seed Sources

Control of height growth components in seedlings of California red and white fir by seed source and water stress

1988 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 521-529 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen W. Hallgren ◽  
John A. Helms
Keyword(s):  
Growing Season ◽  
High Elevation ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Current Season ◽  
Seed Sources ◽  
White Fir ◽  
Terminal Bud ◽  
Bud Growth ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
Needle Primordia

Terminal bud growth in 2nd-year seedlings and subsequent elongation of the overwintering bud in the 3rd year were studied in California red fir (Abiesmagnifica A. Murr.) and two elevational sources of white fir (A. concolor (Gord. and Glend.) Lindl.). During each growing season the seedlings were either watered or left unwatered to provide 2nd and 3rd year treatments of wet–wet, dry–wet, wet–dry, and dry–dry seasons. Harvests were done biweekly during the second growing season and once at the end of the third growing season. Rate and duration of primordium production were negatively related and there were no differences among seed sources for the number of primordia produced in the 2nd year. Watering more than doubled the number of primordia, mainly through increasing the rate of production. Internode number and length were negatively related on a genetic and environmental basis. Changes in internode length tended to compensate for environmentally induced changes in internode number which resulted in a year to year stability in height growth. Height growth was more buffered against changes in internode number in red fir than in white fir. Watering induced a summer shoot in 80% of low-elevation white fir seedlings and 40% of red fir and high-elevation white fir seedlings. Summer shoots doubled the height increment for the current season and increased the number of needle primordia in the winter bud by 26%. The larger buds were the result of a prolonged period of primordium production.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document