Mineralization and immobilization of soil nitrogen in two Douglas-fir stands 15 and 22 years after nitrogen fertilization

1989 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 798-801 ◽  
Author(s):  
Russell H. Strader ◽  
Dan Binkley
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Microbial Immobilization ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
Net Mineralization ◽  
Infertile Soils

Additions of 15N-labelled ammonium chloride were used to examine the role of microbial immobilization in long-term growth response of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco) plantations to nitrogen fertilization. Soil samples were collected in the summer of 1986 from fertilized (448 or 470 kg N/ha) and nonfertilized plots at previously established N fertilization experiments near Shawnigan Lake, British Columbia, and the Wind River Experimental Forest near Carson, Washington. Douglas-fir on these sites were reported to still be responding to N fertilization after 12 and 18 years. Less than 2% of the added 15N was recovered as mineral N after a 14-day laboratory incubation of soil samples from the fertilized and nonfertilized plots. This indicates that gross mineralization could be over 50 times greater than net mineralization in these infertile soils if the remaining 98% of the added 15N was all biologically immobilized. Net mineralization was significantly greater (p ≤ 0.10) in soils from the fertilized plots than in those from the non-fertilized plots at the Wind River site. Though the current differences in N availability did not appear to be related to differences in microbial immobilization, such large rates of immobilization warrant closer scrutiny as a factor in long-term response to fertilization.

scholarly journals Response of Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) to Mineral Nitrogen Fertilization and Bradyrhizobium japonicum Seed Inoculation

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1300
Author(s):  
Janusz Prusiński ◽  
Anna Baturo-Cieśniewska ◽  
Magdalena Borowska
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Bradyrhizobium Japonicum ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
Plant Nitrogen ◽  
Seed Inoculation ◽  
Glycine Max L

A growing interest in soybean cultivation in Poland has been observed in the recent years, however it faces a lot of difficulties resulting from a poorly understood effectiveness of plant nitrogen fertilization and from the introduction of Bradyrhizobium japonicum to the environment. The aim of the study was to evaluate the consistency of response of two soybean cultivars to three different rates of mineral N fertilization and two seed inoculation treatments with B. japonicum in field conditions over four years regardless of previous B. japonicum presence in the soil. A highly-diversified-over-years rainfall and temperature in the growing season do not allow for a definite statement of the differences resulting from seed inoculation and mineral N fertilization applied separately or jointly in soybean. A high sensitivity of the nodulation process to rainfall deficits was noted, which resulted in a decreased amount of B. japonicum DNA measured in qPCR and dry matter of nodules. ‘Annushka’ demonstrated a higher yield of seeds and protein, higher plants and the 1st pod setting. ‘Aldana’, due to a significant decrease in plant density, produced a higher number of pods, seeds per pod and the 1000 seed weight per plant. Both cultivars responded with an increase in the seed yield after seed inoculation with HiStick, also with an application of 30 and 60 kg N, as well as with Nitragina with 60 kg N.

scholarly journals Effect of 50 Years of No-Tillage, Stubble Retention, and Nitrogen Fertilization on Soil Respiration, Easily Extractable Glomalin, and Nitrogen Mineralization

Agronomy ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 151
Author(s):  
Pramod Jha ◽  
Kuntal M. Hati ◽  
Ram C. Dalal ◽  
Yash P. Dang ◽  
Peter M. Kopittke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Respiration ◽  
N Mineralization ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Stubble Retention ◽  
No Till

In subtropical regions, we have an incomplete understanding of how long-term tillage, stubble, and nitrogen (N) fertilizer management affects soil biological functioning. We examined a subtropical site managed for 50 years using varying tillage (conventional till (CT) and no-till (NT)), stubble management (stubble burning (SB) and stubble retention (SR)), and N fertilization (0 (N0), 30 (N30), and 90 (N90) kg ha−1 y−1) to assess their impact on soil microbial respiration, easily extractable glomalin-related soil protein (EEGRSP), and N mineralization. A significant three-way tillage × stubble × N fertilizer interaction was observed for soil respiration, with NT+SB+N0 treatments generally releasing the highest amounts of CO2 over the incubation period (1135 mg/kg), and NT+SR+N0 treatments releasing the lowest (528 mg/kg). In contrast, a significant stubble × N interaction was observed for both EEGRSP and N mineralization, with the highest concentrations of both EEGRSP (2.66 ± 0.86 g kg−1) and N mineralization (30.7 mg/kg) observed in SR+N90 treatments. Furthermore, N mineralization was also positively correlated with EEGRSP (R2 = 0.76, p < 0.001), indicating that EEGRSP can potentially be used as an index of soil N availability. Overall, this study has shown that SR and N fertilization have a positive impact on soil biological functioning.

scholarly journals The Response of the Soil Microbiota to Long-Term Mineral and Organic Nitrogen Fertilization is Stronger in the Bulk Soil than in the Rhizosphere

Genes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Massimiliano Cardinale ◽  
Stefan Ratering ◽  
Aitak Sadeghi ◽  
Sushil Pokhrel ◽  
Bernd Honermeier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
N Fertilization ◽  
16S Rrna Genes ◽  
Bulk Soil ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Soil Microbiome ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Arable Soils ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
Bacterial Microbiota

The effects of different agronomic practices, such as fertilization regimes, can be experimentally tested in long-term experiments (LTE). Here, we aimed to evaluate the effect of different nitrogen fertilizations on the bacterial microbiota in both rhizosphere and bulk soil of sugar beet, in the Giessen-LTE (Germany). Fertilization treatments included mineral-N, manure, mineral-N + manure and no N-amendment. Metabarcoding and co-occurrence analysis of 16S rRNA genes, qPCR of amoA, nirK, nirS, nosZ-I and nosZ-II genes and soil physico-chemical analyses were performed. The effect of the fertilization treatments was more evident in the bulk soil, involving 33.1% of the microbiota. Co-occurrence analysis showed a rhizosphere cluster, dominated by Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria and Verrucomicrobia (hub taxa: Betaproteobacteriales), and a bulk soil cluster, dominated by Acidobacteria, Gemmatominadetes and “Latescibacteria” (hub taxa: Acidobacteria). In the bulk soil, mineral N-fertilization reduced nirK, amoA, nosZ-I and nosZ-II genes. Thirteen Operational taxonomic units (OTUs) showed 23 negative correlations with gene relative abundances. These OTUs likely represent opportunistic species that profited from the amended mineral-N and outgrew the species carrying N-cycle genes. Our results indicate trajectories for future research on soil microbiome in LTE and add new experimental evidence that will be helpful for sustainable management of nitrogen fertilizations on arable soils.

Effects of humus content, farmyard manuring, and mineral-N fertilization on yields and soil properties in a long-term trial

2000 ◽  
Vol 163 (6) ◽  
pp. 657-662 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hermann Stumpe ◽  
Joachim Garz ◽  
Wilfried Schliephake ◽  
Lutz Wittenmayer ◽  
Wolfgang Merbach
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
Term Trial

Biomass and nutrient element dynamics in Douglas-fir: effects of thinning and nitrogen fertilization over 18 years

1996 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 376-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.K. Mitchell ◽  
H.J. Barclay ◽  
H. Brix ◽  
D.F.W. Pollard ◽  
R. Benton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Net Primary Production ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Second Period

The effects of thinning (two-thirds of basal area removed) and N fertilization (448 kg N/ha as urea) on biomass and nutrition of a 24-year-old Douglas-fir (Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco) stand at Shawnigan Lake were studied over 18 years. At years 0, 9, and 18 after treatments, the aboveground biomass and N, P, K, Ca, and Mg contents of stemwood, stem bark, foliage, and dead and live branches were determined (kg/ha), and increments in these properties (kg•ha−1•year−1) were calculated for the 0–9 and 9–18 year periods. Foliar biomass was increased by both treatments during the first period and also by thinning in the second period. Aboveground net primary production (ANPP) per unit of foliage biomass (foliage efficiency) was increased by treatments in the 0–9 year period. The combined effects of increased foliage mass and foliage efficiency resulted in increased total biomass production. Thinning and fertilization increased the uptake of all elements except for P with fertilization. This increase may have contributed to the long-term increase in stem growth. Retranslocation of elements before foliage shedding was important for tree nutrition, but was not improved by fertilization during the 9–18 year measurement period. The efficiency of N use in dry matter production (ANPP/unit of N uptake) was decreased by fertilization. This implied that poor sites would respond better to fertilization than rich sites.

scholarly journals Maize productivity in succession to cover crops, nitrogen fertilization and inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (12) ◽  
pp. 966-971
Author(s):  
Antônio C. dos Santos Júnior ◽  
Marco A. C. de Carvalho ◽  
Oscar M. Yamashita ◽  
Tauan R. Tavanti ◽  
Renan F. R. Tavanti
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Azospirillum Brasilense ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Pigeon Pea ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
Maize Production ◽  
Maize Productivity

ABSTRACT The use of microorganisms in agriculture such as Azospirillum brasilense and the cultivation of cover crops in the off season, together with nitrogen fertilization, may be interesting alternatives to increase crop yield. The objective of this study was to evaluate the growth, production and nitrogen concentration of maize grown in succession to cover crops and their interactions with A. brasilense inoculation and topdressing mineral N fertilization. The experiment was conducted on Oxisol, in randomized block design in split-split-plot scheme with four repetitions. The plots consisted of four cover crops: jackbean (Canavalia ensiformis), dwarf pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan), crotalaria (Crotalaria spectabilis) and spontaneous vegetation. In the subplots, with or without inoculation of A. brasilense in maize seeds, and in the sub-subplots: with or without topdressing N fertilization. It was verified that jackbean can generate increments of up to 8.3% in grains per ear, 6.9% in length of ear and 15.2% in mass of one hundred grains. Consequently, the grain yield was higher in this treatment (18%). The inoculation with A. brasilense and topdressing N fertilization did not generate significant increments in maize production components, as observed for cover crops.

scholarly journals Shifts in Foliage Biomass and Its Vertical Distribution in Response to Operational Nitrogen Fertilization of Douglas-Fir in Western Oregon

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 511 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob D. Putney ◽  
Douglas A. Maguire
Keyword(s):  
Vertical Distribution ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Tree Level ◽  
Stem Volume ◽  
Parameter Estimates ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Basal Diameter ◽  
Dormant Season

Nitrogen (N) fertilization is a commonly applied silvicultural treatment in intensively managed coast Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco var. menziesii) plantations. Field trials were established in a randomized complete block design by Stimson Lumber Company (Gaston, Oregon), to test the economic viability of N fertilization on their ownership and to better understand Douglas-fir growth responses. The 23 stands comprising the trials were Douglas-fir dominated, had a total age of 16–24 years, had been precommercially thinned, and had a density of 386–1021 trees ha−1. Fertilizer was applied aerially at a rate of 224 kg N ha−1 as urea during the 2009–2010 dormant season. In the dormant season of 2016–2017, seven growing seasons following application, 40 trees were felled and measured with the objective of assessing crown attributes and aboveground allometrics. Branch-level foliage mass equations were developed from 267 subsampled branches and were applied to the 40 felled sample trees on which the basal diameter and height of all live branches were measured, allowing estimation of both the total amount of foliage and its vertical distribution. A right-truncated Weibull distribution was fitted to data, with the truncation point specified as the base of live tree crown. The resulting tree-level parameter estimates were modeled as functions of tree-level variables. Stand-level factors not explicitly measured were captured through the use of linear and nonlinear mixed-effects models with random stand effects. Fertilization resulted in more total crown foliage mass in the middle crown-third and caused a downward shift in the vertical distribution of foliage, with implications for feedback responses in crown development and photosynthetic capacity. Defining the morphological responses of Douglas-fir crowns to nitrogen fertilization provides a framework for studying influences on stand dynamics and should ultimately facilitate improved site-specific predictions of stem-volume growth.

scholarly journals Assessing Wheat Response to N Fertilization in a Wheat–Maize–Soybean Long-Term Rotation through NUE Measurements

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 941
Author(s):  
Roxana Vidican ◽  
Anamaria Mălinaș ◽  
Ioan Rotar ◽  
Rozalia Kadar ◽  
Valeria Deac ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Use Efficiency ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Nitrogen Use ◽  
Use Efficiency

Nitrogen fertilization is indispensable in increasing wheat crop productivity but, in order to achieve maximum profitable production and minimum negative environmental impact, improving nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) should be considered. The aim of this study was to evaluate the nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) in a long-term wheat–maize–soybean rotation system with the final purpose of increasing the overall performance of the wheat cropping system. Research was undertaken at the Agricultural Research Development Station Turda (ARDS Turda), located in Western Transylvania Plain, Romania. The experimental field was carried out at a fixed place during seven wheat vegetation seasons. The plant material consisted of a wheat variety created by the ARDS Turda (Andrada), one variety of maize (Turda 332) and one variety of soybean (Felix). The experiment covered two planting patterns: wheat after maize and wheat after soybean and five levels of nitrogen fertilization (control-unfertilized, fertilization with 0—control plot, 30, 60, 90 and 120 kg N ha−1 y−1). The following indices were assessed: NUE (nitrogen use efficiency), N uptake and PFP (partial factor productivity). The results of the present study suggest that reduced N-fertilization doses could improve N uptake and utilization for both planting patterns.

scholarly journals The Effect of Nitrogen Fertilization on Tree Growth, Soil Organic Carbon and Nitrogen Leaching—A Modeling Study in a Steep Nitrogen Deposition Gradient in Sweden

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 298
Author(s):  
Klas Lucander ◽  
Giuliana Zanchi ◽  
Cecilia Akselsson ◽  
Salim Belyazid
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Nitrogen Deposition ◽  
Tree Growth ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Dynamic Models ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
N Leaching ◽  
N Availability ◽  
N Saturation

Nitrogen (N) fertilization in forests has the potential to increase tree growth and carbon (C) sequestration, but it also means a risk of N leaching. Dynamic models can, if the important processes are well described, play an important role in assessing benefits and risks of nitrogen fertilization. The aim of this study was to test if the ForSAFE model is able to simulate correctly the effects of N fertilization when considering different levels of N availability in the forest. The model was applied for three sites in Sweden, representing low, medium and high nitrogen deposition. Simulations were performed for scenarios with and without fertilization. The effect of N fertilization on tree growth was largest at the low deposition site, whereas the effect on N leaching was more pronounced at the high deposition site. For soil organic carbon (SOC) the effects were generally small, but in the second forest rotation SOC was slightly higher after fertilization, especially at the low deposition site. The ForSAFE simulations largely confirm the N saturation theory which state that N will not be retained in the forest when the ecosystem is N saturated, and we conclude that the model can be a useful tool in assessing effects of N fertilization.

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