Maize productivity in succession to cover crops, nitrogen fertilization and inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense

ABSTRACT The use of microorganisms in agriculture such as Azospirillum brasilense and the cultivation of cover crops in the off season, together with nitrogen fertilization, may be interesting alternatives to increase crop yield. The objective of this study was to evaluate the growth, production and nitrogen concentration of maize grown in succession to cover crops and their interactions with A. brasilense inoculation and topdressing mineral N fertilization. The experiment was conducted on Oxisol, in randomized block design in split-split-plot scheme with four repetitions. The plots consisted of four cover crops: jackbean (Canavalia ensiformis), dwarf pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan), crotalaria (Crotalaria spectabilis) and spontaneous vegetation. In the subplots, with or without inoculation of A. brasilense in maize seeds, and in the sub-subplots: with or without topdressing N fertilization. It was verified that jackbean can generate increments of up to 8.3% in grains per ear, 6.9% in length of ear and 15.2% in mass of one hundred grains. Consequently, the grain yield was higher in this treatment (18%). The inoculation with A. brasilense and topdressing N fertilization did not generate significant increments in maize production components, as observed for cover crops.

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Phytomass production and nutrient accumulation by green manure species

Revista CERES ◽

10.1590/0034-737x201461050017 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 61 (5) ◽

pp. 732-739 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

José Carlos Soares Mangaravite ◽

Renato Ribeiro Passos ◽

Felipe Vaz Andrade ◽

Diego Lang Burak ◽

Eduardo de Sá Mendonça

Keyword(s):

Nitrogen Fertilization ◽

Block Design ◽

Pigeon Pea ◽

N Fertilization ◽

Nutrient Accumulation ◽

P Accumulation ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

Sunn Hemp ◽

Low Efficiency ◽

Plot Design

Green manuring is recognized as a viable alternative to improve nutrient cycling in soils. The aim of this study was to evaluate the phytomass production and nutrient accumulation in shoots of the summer green manures jack bean [Canavalia ensiformis (L.) DC.], dwarf pigeon pea (Cajanus cajanvar var. Flavus DC.), dwarf mucuna [Mucuna deeringiana (Bort) Merr] and sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea L.), under nitrogen fertilization and/or inoculation with N-fixing bacteria. A split plot design was arranged with the four Fabaceae species as main plots and nitrogen fertilization (with and without) and inoculation with diazotrophic bacteria (with and without) as the subplots, in a 2² factorial. The experiment was arranged as a randomized complete block design with four replications. In the conditions of this trial, the sunn hemp had the highest production of shoot phytomass (12.4 Mg ha-1) and nutrient accumulation, while the dwarf mucuna had the lowest production of shoot phytomass (3.9 Mg ha-1) and nutrient accumulation. The results showed no effect of nitrogen fertilization or inoculation with N-fixing bacteria on the production of shoot phytomass and nutrient accumulation, except for inoculation without nitrogen fertilization, resulting in greater P accumulation (p <0.05) in the sunn hemp and greater Zn and Mn accumulation in the dwarf mucuna. These findings indicate that N fertilization or inoculation with N2-fixing bacteria for Fabaceae are low efficiency practices in the edaphoclimatic conditions of this study.

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Response of Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) to Mineral Nitrogen Fertilization and Bradyrhizobium japonicum Seed Inoculation

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy10091300 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (9) ◽

pp. 1300

Author(s):

Janusz Prusiński ◽

Anna Baturo-Cieśniewska ◽

Magdalena Borowska

Keyword(s):

Nitrogen Fertilization ◽

Bradyrhizobium Japonicum ◽

Plant Density ◽

Higher Plants ◽

High Sensitivity ◽

N Fertilization ◽

Mineral N ◽

Plant Nitrogen ◽

Seed Inoculation ◽

Glycine Max L

A growing interest in soybean cultivation in Poland has been observed in the recent years, however it faces a lot of difficulties resulting from a poorly understood effectiveness of plant nitrogen fertilization and from the introduction of Bradyrhizobium japonicum to the environment. The aim of the study was to evaluate the consistency of response of two soybean cultivars to three different rates of mineral N fertilization and two seed inoculation treatments with B. japonicum in field conditions over four years regardless of previous B. japonicum presence in the soil. A highly-diversified-over-years rainfall and temperature in the growing season do not allow for a definite statement of the differences resulting from seed inoculation and mineral N fertilization applied separately or jointly in soybean. A high sensitivity of the nodulation process to rainfall deficits was noted, which resulted in a decreased amount of B. japonicum DNA measured in qPCR and dry matter of nodules. ‘Annushka’ demonstrated a higher yield of seeds and protein, higher plants and the 1st pod setting. ‘Aldana’, due to a significant decrease in plant density, produced a higher number of pods, seeds per pod and the 1000 seed weight per plant. Both cultivars responded with an increase in the seed yield after seed inoculation with HiStick, also with an application of 30 and 60 kg N, as well as with Nitragina with 60 kg N.

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Winter pasture and cover crops and their effects on soil and summer grain crops

Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0100-204x2011001000032 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 46 (10) ◽

pp. 1357-1363 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Alvadi Antonio Balbinot Junior ◽

Milton da Veiga ◽

Anibal de Moraes ◽

Adelino Pelissari ◽

Álvaro Luiz Mafra ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Land Use ◽

Common Bean ◽

Cover Crops ◽

Nitrogen Fertilization ◽

Soil Compaction ◽

Surface Soil ◽

Soil Layer ◽

N Fertilization ◽

The North ◽

Oilseed Radish

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of winter land use on the amount of residual straw, the physical soil properties and grain yields of maize, common bean and soybean summer crops cultivated in succession. The experiment was carried out in the North Plateau of Santa Catarina state, Brazil, from May 2006 to April 2010. Five strategies of land use in winter were evaluated: intercropping with black oat + ryegrass + vetch, without grazing and nitrogen (N) fertilization (intercropping cover); the same intercropping, with grazing and 100 kg ha-1 of N per year topdressing (pasture with N); the same intercropping, with grazing and without nitrogen fertilization (pasture without N); oilseed radish, without grazing and nitrogen fertilization (oilseed radish); and natural vegetation, without grazing and nitrogen fertilization (fallow). Intercropping cover produces a greater amount of biomass in the system and, consequently, a greater accumulation of total and particulate organic carbon on the surface soil layer. However, land use in winter does not significantly affect soil physical properties related to soil compaction, nor the grain yield of maize, soybean and common bean cultivated in succession.

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Production of cabbage grown in pots containing legumes' root and shoot

Revista CERES ◽

10.1590/s0034-737x2012000500015 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 59 (5) ◽

pp. 689-694 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Thiago de Oliveira Vargas ◽

Ellen Rúbia Diniz ◽

Ricardo Henrique Silva Santos ◽

Alysson Roberto de Almeida ◽

Segundo Urquiaga ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Block Design ◽

Mineral Fertilizer ◽

Dry Weight ◽

N Fertilization ◽

Recommended Dose ◽

Legume Species ◽

Mineral Fertilization ◽

Mineral N ◽

Plant Parts ◽

Whole Plant

Roots effect is not generally considered in studies assessing the performance of crops in response to green manuring. However, such effect can contribute to a better understanding of crop rotation. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of root and shoot of two legumes on the production of cabbage. The experiment was conducted in pots of 10 liters containing substrate of 2:1 soil/sand. The experiment was arranged in a factorial scheme (2x3 + 2) in a randomized block design with five replicates using two legume species (Crotalaria juncea L. and Canavalia ensiformis L), three plant parts (root, shoot, or whole plant), and two additional treatments (mineral fertilization with 100% and 50% of the recommended dose of N for growing cabbage). Pots with legume treatments received mineral fertilizer with 50% of the recommended dose of N for growing cabbage. The experimental plot consisted of a pot containing one plant of cabbage. Legumes were grown in pots and harvested at 78 days. The root biomass was determined in extra pots. Production was assessed using head fresh and dry weight. The application of the whole plant of both legume species reduced cabbage production. However, root or shoot of both legume species was equivalent to 50% of mineral N fertilization required for the cultivation of cabbage.

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Production and economic viability of banana managed with cover crops

Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental ◽

10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v20n12p1078-1082 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 20 (12) ◽

pp. 1078-1082

Author(s):

Francisca E. L. Barbosa ◽

Claudivan F. de Lacerda ◽

Aiala V. Amorim ◽

Raimundo N. T. Costa ◽

José A. da Silva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cover Crops ◽

Block Design ◽

N Fertilization ◽

Economic Viability ◽

Crop Evapotranspiration ◽

Pueraria Phaseoloides ◽

Banana Production ◽

Conventional Management ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Production Cycles

ABSTRACT This research aimed to evaluate the yield and economic viability of three crop cycles of the banana cv. ‘Prata Anã’ in association with perennial herbaceous legumes, natural vegetation, or compared with the conventional management. The research was conducted using a complete randomized block design with split-split plots and four replicates. The plots were formed by four irrigation depths: 50, 75, 100 and 125% of crop evapotranspiration, and the subplots by cover crops (Calopogonium muconoides, Pueraria phaseoloides, and natural cover without N addition) or no cover crops with addition of N fertilization (conventional management). The subsubplots were formed by the second, third and fourth banana production cycles. Yield and economic viability of the cultivation were estimated for a period of seven years. The conventional management promoted greater yield and economic viability in the cultivation of ‘Prata Anã’ banana, due to the N fertilization. Managements with leguminous cover crops were also economically viable, but they should be investigated in combination with N fertilization and compared with the conventional method.

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Crop rotation, green manure and nitrogen fertilizers in upland rice under no-tillage

Pesquisa Agropecuária Tropical ◽

10.1590/1983-40632018v4851446 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 48 (2) ◽

pp. 153-162 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Orivaldo Arf ◽

José Roberto Portugal ◽

Salatiér Buzetti ◽

Ricardo Antônio Ferreira Rodrigues ◽

Marco Eustáquio de Sá

Keyword(s):

Cover Crops ◽

Upland Rice ◽

Irrigation System ◽

Block Design ◽

Sprinkler Irrigation ◽

Pigeon Pea ◽

Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽

No Tillage ◽

Brazilian Savannah ◽

Corn Crop

ABSTRACT The Brazilian Savannah region presents a great potential for the expansion of upland rice crops. However, studies are necessary to identify practices that can improve the crop performance, especially in no-tillage systems. This study aimed to assess the effect of cover crops in association with corn on the development and yield of rice cultivated in rotation and cover fertilized with nitrogen doses. The sprinkler irrigation system was used and the experiment was developed in the 2014/2015 and 2016/2017 harvest years, using a randomized block design, in a 5 × 4 factorial scheme. The treatments consisted of the crop remains combinations of single corn crop, corn + Crotalaria spectabilis, corn + pigeon pea, corn + jack bean and corn + Urochloa ruziziensis, as well as cover nitrogen doses (0 kg ha-1, 40 kg ha-1, 80 kg ha-1 and 120 kg ha-1) in the rice. The cultivation of upland rice in rotation with corn + pigeon pea was favored by the greater soil cover and nitrogen supply via cycling, if compared to the rotation with single corn crop. The intercropped corn + pigeon pea cultivation in the previous summer resulted in a 15 % increase in the yield of rice grains seeded in the rotation, when compared to the single corn crop. The cover nitrogen application positively influenced the grain yield with the maximum estimated doses of 46 kg ha-1 and 105 kg ha-1 of nitrogen, respectively in the 2014/2015 and 2016/2017 harvest years.

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Tiller density and tillering on Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu pastures inoculated with Azospirillum brasilense

Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia ◽

10.1590/1678-4162-9034 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 69 (4) ◽

pp. 1039-1046 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

B.C. Pedreira ◽

P.L. Barbosa ◽

L.E.T. Pereira ◽

M.A. Mombach ◽

L.F. Domiciano ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Population Density ◽

Azospirillum Brasilense ◽

Block Design ◽

Experimental Period ◽

N Fertilization ◽

Appearance Rate ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

Opposite Behavior ◽

Grass Sward ◽

Tiller Density

ABSTRACT The objective of this study is to verify the population density and the dynamics of tillering in the Marandu palisade grass sward subjected to nitrogen (N) fertilization strategies, characterized by the N supply via urea or bacterial inoculant (Azospirillum brasilense). The treatments comprised of four nitrogen fertilization strategies: (A) Without fertilization, (B) 80 kg N/ha, (C) inoculant (A. brasilense), and (D) 80 kg N/ha + inoculant, distributed in a randomized complete block design, with three replications. The nitrogen supply strategies were evaluated during six periods: October, November, and December (2012) as well as January, March, and April (2013). The nitrogen dose or inoculant had no effect on the tiller appearance rate (TAR), tiller mortality rate (TMR), tiller survival rate (TSR), or tiller population density (TPD). However, these variables were influenced by the season. The TAR and TSR were higher at the beginning of the experimental period (October) and lower towards the end of the period (March-April), whereas, TMR and TPD exhibited the opposite behavior, with lower values in October and higher from January onward. Neither the nitrogen nor the inoculant influenced the population dynamics of the tillers in Marandu palisade grass.

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SOIL MICROBIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY AND PRODUCTIVITY OF MAIZE FODDER WITH LEGUMES AND MANURE DOSES

Revista Caatinga ◽

10.1590/1983-21252018v31n410rc ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 31 (4) ◽

pp. 882-890

Author(s):

Charlley de Freitas Silva ◽

Erika Valente de Medeiros ◽

Marthony Dornelas Santana ◽

Maysa Bezerra de Araújo ◽

Argemiro Pereira Martins Filho ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Block Design ◽

Pigeon Pea ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Cattle Manure ◽

Mineral Fertilization ◽

Maize Production ◽

Maize Cultivation ◽

Biochemical Quality ◽

Soil Microbiological Activity

ABSTRACT Maize is an important cereal and it is widely consumed in the world, both as food for humans and animals. Nitrogen (N) is a nutrient required in large quantities by maize, but unfortunately, soils are limited in meeting this need. Nodulating legumes can serve as a source of Nitrogen, because they are symbiotically associated with bacteria capable of fixing atmospheric N. Another important source of this nutrient is cattle manure, which is widely used in agriculture. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of using legumes and cattle manure on the production as well as the microbial and biochemical quality of the soil used for maize cultivation. The experiment was conducted using a randomized complete block design, in a sub-subdivided plot scheme [(2x4) +2], two leguminous plants (pigeon pea and macassar bean), four doses of cattle manure (0, 20, 40 and 60 t ha-1) and two controls; one with mineral fertilization and the other cultivated without the use of fertilizers. Treatment using a manure dose of 60t ha-1 and pigeon pea legume, recorded higher dry mass production per plant. The increase in manure doses was directly proportional to the length and weight of the cobs for the two legumes. The enzymatic activities were affected by the different doses and legumes, with greater results being recorded at the 60 t ha-1 dose with the macassar legume. The use of legumes with manure improved maize production as well as the microbiological and biochemical quality of soils.

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Optimization of Nitrogen Fertilization of Subirrigated Container-grown Chrysanthemum using a Simulation Model

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.30.4.761e ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 30 (4) ◽

pp. 761E-761

Author(s):

Mark V. Yelanich ◽

John A. Biernbaum

Keyword(s):

Nitrogen Fertilization ◽

Root Zone ◽

Nitrogen Concentration ◽

N Fertilization ◽

Pd Controller ◽

Optimal Range ◽

Plant Nitrogen ◽

Wide Range ◽

Single Fertilization ◽

Saturated Medium

A model constructed to describe nitrogen dynamics in the root zone of subirrigated container-grown chrysanthemum was used to develop and test nitrogen fertilization strategies. The model predicts the nitrogen concentration in the root zone by numerical integration of the rates of nitrogen applied, plant nitrogen uptake, and nitrogen movement to the medium top layer. The three strategies tested were constant liquid N fertilization, proportional derivative control (PD) based upon weekly saturated medium extraction (SME) tests, or PD control based upon daily SME tests. The optimal concentration of N to apply using a single fertilization concentration was 14 mol·m–3, but resulted in greater quantities of N being applied than if PD controller strategies were used. The PD controllers were better able to maintain the predicted SME concentration within 7 to 14 mol·m–3 optimal range and reduce the overall sample variability over time. Applying 14 mol·m–3 N at every irrigation was found to be an adequate fertilization strategy over a wide range of environmental conditions because N was applied in excess of what was needed by the plant.

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Nitrogênio e Azospirillum brasilense no desenvolvimento inicial da cana-de-açúcar

Colloquium Agrariae ◽

10.5747/ca.2020.v16.n2.a360 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

pp. 72-81

Author(s):

Michaela Carolina Gonçalves ◽

Kátia Cristina da Silva ◽

Carlos Eduardo da Silva Oliveira ◽

Fábio Steiner

Keyword(s):

Nitrogen Fertilization ◽

Azospirillum Brasilense ◽

Block Design ◽

Saccharum Officinarum ◽

Linear Increase ◽

N Fertilizer ◽

Application Rates ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Matter Production ◽

Number Of Leaves

A study was conducted with the objective of investigating the effects of the interaction between the inoculation of the pre-sprouted seedlings with Azospirillum brasilenseand the nitrogen fertilization in topdressing on the development of sugarcane plants(Saccharum officinarum). Pre-sprouted sugarcane seedlings, produced from 3.0 cm long mini-stems of the RB867515 variety, were transplanted 25 days after sprouting into 12 L plastic pots. The treatments were arranged in a randomized block design, in a 2 × 5 factorial scheme: two inoculation treatments [without (control) and inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense] and five application rates of N fertilizer in topdressing (0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 mg dm–3of N), with four repetitions. The inoculation with A. brasilensewas carried out in transplanting the seedlings using 4 mL of the inoculum AzoTotal® per seedling, containing the strains AbV5 and AbV6. The nitrogen fertilization in topdressing was performed at 20 days after transplanting the seedlings as urea (45% of N). The results reported that the application of N fertilizer rates in topdressingresulted in a linear increase in plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves per plant, number of tillers and dry matter production of plants inoculated with A. brasilense.When the plants were not inoculated with A. brasilense, nitrogen fertilization resulted in an increase also in the number of leaves and tillers per plant. The use of A. brasilenseinoculation in pre-sprouted sugarcane seedlings has a beneficial effect on the development of plants only when associated with nitrogen fertilization in topdressing. Sugarcane plants not fertilized with N have a negative response to inoculation with A. brasilense, indicating the occurrence of possible phytotoxic effects on plant development up to 60 days after transplanting.

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