Mortality and height growth losses of coniferous seedlings damaged by the black army cutworm

1992 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 1364-1370 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.F. Maher ◽  
R.F. Shepherd
Keyword(s):  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Total Mortality ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Stress Effects ◽  
Engelmann Spruce ◽  
Terminal Bud ◽  
Needle Loss ◽  
Root Stress

Growth and survival of seedlings were determined for 1 to 3 years following defoliation by black army cutworm, Actebiafennica (Tausch.). Ten data sets were collected on three sites and included four species of seedlings: interior Douglas-fir, Pseudotsugamenziesii var. glauca (Beissn.) Franco; lodgepole pine, Pinuscontorta Dougl.; western larch, Larixoccidentalis Nutt.; and Engelmann spruce, Piceaengelmannii Parry. Mortality following defoliation cannot be assessed until after the flush in the next growing season because completely defoliated seedlings often regenerate new foliage and survive. More than 90% of the total mortality that did occur was detected at that time. Mortality of up to 39% occurred when seedlings were defoliated more than 60%; most of this occurred when planting was carried out concurrent with defoliation. Synergistic root stress effects caused by poor planting, dry sites, or drought significantly increased mortality. Height growth was significantly reduced when defoliation was greater than 60%; the greatest effects occurred when terminal bud destruction accompanied needle loss. Growth losses were greatest the year of defoliation; recovery of height growth of lodgepole pine was complete by the 2nd year on good growing sites. On poor sites, retardation of lodgepole pine height growth was still evident after 3 years.

How well can we select undamaged site trees for estimating site index?

1999 ◽  
Vol 29 (12) ◽  
pp. 1989-1992 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordon D Nigh ◽  
Bobby A Love
Keyword(s):  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Site Index ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Sufficient Data ◽  
Terminal Bud ◽  
Pine Trees ◽  
Unbiased Estimates

The best estimates of site index, an indicator of site productivity, are obtained from site trees. Undamaged site trees should be sampled to obtain unbiased estimates of site index. Two juvenile height growth modelling projects provided us with sufficient data to assess our ability to select undamaged lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta var. latifolia Dougl.) and white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) site trees. The sample trees were split open to measure height growth from the terminal bud scars. Splitting the stems also revealed damage that was not visible from the outside of the tree. Over 50% of the lodgepole pine trees and 75% of the white spruce trees had damage, which was much higher than expected. Possible causes of damage are frost and insects. The damage does not significantly reduce the height of the spruce trees, but there is evidence that the heights of the lodgepole pine trees are reduced.

Growth losses from winter drying (red belt damage) in lodgepole pine stands on the east slopes of the Rockies in Alberta

1987 ◽  
Vol 17 (10) ◽  
pp. 1289-1292 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. E. Bella ◽  
S. Navratil
Keyword(s):  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Potential Yield ◽  
Terminal Bud ◽  
Growth Loss ◽  
Annual Volume ◽  
Pine Stands ◽  
Rotation Age

Red belt damage (reddening and death of foliage) occurs frequently in lodgepole pine Pinuscontorta var. latifolia Engelm. stands between certain elevations and may affect tree growth and even cause mortality. We examined growth impact in four pine stands (10, 55, 90, and 115 years old) where nearly all trees showed symptoms of damage. On young trees, visible damage ranged from 0 to 80% of foliage, and averaged about 35%. A highly significant reduction in height growth and terminal bud length (p < 0.01) of young trees was proportional to the amount of damage. As much as two-thirds growth loss occurred in trees with 60% or more necrotized foliage. On intermediate and mature lodgepole pine, reduction of annual volume increment in the growing season following damage was variable and reached as high as 50%, with no further significant reduction occurring in subsequent years. Potential yield losses at rotation age and forest management prescriptions for susceptible stands are presented.

scholarly journals RELATIVE QUALITY OF THE MAJOR FOREST ASSOCIATIONS OF THE SOUTHERN B.C. INTERIOR FOR GROWTH OF LODGEPOLE PINE, ENGELMANN SPRUCE, DOUGLAS-FIR AND ALPINE FIR

1966 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 306-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter Stanek
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Site Index ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Common Occurrence ◽  
Engelmann Spruce ◽  
Relative Quality

Height growth of lodgepole pine, Engelmann spruce, Douglas-fir and alpine fir was investigated in the Douglas-fir and Engelmann Spruce-Alpine Fir Zones of the Interior of British Columbia. In the same forest association each species has a characteristic site index at the age of 100 years (SI/100). Regression equations were calculated for predicting SI/100 of several species in different associations. Regression equations were also developed for estimating SI/100 of Engelmann spruce, Douglas-fir and alpine fir from known SI/100 of lodgepole pine. The latter species was selected because of its common occurrence in the two zones. In addition regression equation was calculated for predicting SI/100 of lodgepole pine from known SI/100 of Engelmann spruce. All regression equations apply to naturally established stands in the study area.

scholarly journals Height Growth Models for High-Elevation Subalpine Fir, Engelmann Spruce, and Lodgepole Pine in British Columbia

2000 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 62-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Han Y. H. Chen ◽  
Karel Klinka
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Growth Models ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Site Index ◽  
High Elevation ◽  
Logistic Function ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Potential Productivity ◽  
Subalpine Fir ◽  
Engelmann Spruce

Abstract To estimate potential productivity of the high-elevation Engelmann Spruce and Subalpine Fir (ESSF) zone of British Columbia forests, the height growth models developed from low-elevation forests are currently used to estimate site indices of subalpine fir (Abies lasiocarpa), Engelmann spruce (Picea engelmannii), and lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta). Whether these models are adequate to describe height growth of high-elevation forests is of concern. We sampled a total of 319 naturally established, even-aged, and undamaged stands with breast height age ≥50 yr (165 for subalpine fir, 87 for Engelmann spruce, and 67 for lodgepole pine) ranging widely in climate and available soil moisture and nutrients. In each sampled stand, three dominant trees were destructively sampled for stem analysis. Height growth models developed from fitting data to a conditioned logistic function explained > 97% variation in height for all three study species. Examined by residual analysis, no models showed lack of fit. These models provided more accurate estimates of site index than the currently used models developed from low-elevation stands or different species. It is recommended that the models developed in this study be applied to estimate site index of the three species in the ESSF zone in British Columbia. West. J. Appl. For. 15(2):62-69.

scholarly journals Tree Shelters Reduced Growth and Survival of Underplanted Red Oak Seedlings in Southern Iowa

1999 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert E. Bardon ◽  
David W. Countryman ◽  
Richard B. Hall
Keyword(s):  
Quercus Rubra ◽  
Total Mortality ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Red Oak ◽  
Northern Red Oak ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Tree Shelters ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Shade Tolerant Species ◽  
Oak Seedlings

Abstract A major concern in the management of northern red oak (Quercus rubra L.) is the difficulty in regenerating stands that have dense understories of shade tolerant species. A replicated study in southern Iowa indicated that over a 5 yr period, tree shelters have a major impact on establishment of underplanted, 1-0, northern red oak bareroot stock. Sheltered seedlings had increased height growth during the first 3 growing seasons. But during the next 2 growing seasons, annual height growth of sheltered seedlings declined to a level of annual height growth similar to that of nonsheltered seedlings. After 5 growing seasons, sheltered seedlings were approximately 30 cm taller than nonsheltered seedlings. Sheltered and nonsheltered seedlings were one-third to two-thirds the height of the shelters. At the end of the fifth growing season, total mortality for sheltered seedlings was 40 and 55%, whereas for nonsheltered seedlings, mortality was 26 and 28% at the McNay and Stephens sites, respectively. Tree shelters may be a viable alternative in open areas (e.g., clearcuts or plantations), but in this study, tree shelters reduced both growth and survival when used to protect underplanted, 1-0, red oak seedlings. North. J. Appl. For. 16(2):103-107.

scholarly journals Changes in Root IAA Content and Growth of Bareroot Conifers Treated with Plant Growth Regulating Substances at Planting

2000 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-107
Author(s):  
C.F. Scagel ◽  
R.G. Linderman
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Diameter Growth ◽  
Western Larch ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Stem Diameter Growth

Abstract Growth and survival of bareroot plants after transplanting is partially a function of the plant's capacity to produce new roots. We conducted an experiment to determine whether application of plant growth regulators (PGRs) or moisture retention materials could modify IAA concentration in roots, new root growth, and above ground plant growth. Bareroot western larch, Englemann spruce, lodgepole pine, and Douglas-fir were treated with Stimroot, ethrel, Hormogel, or Alginate immediately before planting into a raised bed in a greenhouse. All treatments increased IAA content in roots of western larch, Englemann spruce, and Douglas-fir, but only treatments containing IBA increased free IAA in roots of lodgepole pine. Stimroot and Hormogel treatment increased height growth of western larch, lodgepole pine, and Douglas-fir, but only ethrel treatment increased height growth of Englemann spruce. All treatments increased stem diameter growth of western larch. Stimroot increased stem diameter growth rate of Englemann spruce and Douglas-fir, but stem diameter of lodgepole pine was unaffected by all treatments. Our results indicate that application of PGRs or other root-promoting materials to the roots of bareroot conifers before planting has the potential to be a cost-beneficial method for increasing root growth and decreasing transplant shock.

Incorporating Additional Tree and Environmental Variables in a Lodgepole Pine Stem Profile Model

1993 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 86-90
Author(s):  
John C. Byrne
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Variables ◽  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Linear Equations ◽  
The United States ◽  
National Forest ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Tree Form ◽  
Northern Rocky Mountains ◽  
Profile Model

Abstract A new variable-form segmented stem profile model is developed for lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) trees from the northern Rocky Mountains of the United States. I improved estimates of stem diameter by predicting two of the model coefficients with linear equations using a measure of tree form, defined as a ratio of dbh and total height. Additional improvements were obtained by fitting this model to individual national forest data sets. Other tree and environmental variables tested but found of little use in improving stem profile estimates were crown ratio, habitat series, elevation, slope percent, and aspect. West. J. Appl. For. 8(3):86-90.

Growth and Survival of Eastern Cottonwood in Kentucky

1987 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Stringer ◽  
L. Shain ◽  
R. F. Wittwer
Keyword(s):  
Populus Deltoides ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Eastern Cottonwood ◽  
Survival Percentage ◽  
Stem Cankers ◽  
Geographic Sources ◽  
Superior Clones

Abstract Nine clones of eastern cottonwood (Populus deltoides Bartr.) from different geographic sources were grown on two sites for height growth and survival percentage after 5 to 10 years. Several clones ranked as superior in Mississippi also performed well during the first 5 years of growthin Kentucky. The survival and diameter growth of some of these "superior" clones, however, was significantly less than others at 10 years. These same clones also exhibited low crown vigor and an abundance of stem cankers associated largely with Fusarium solani. Early growth induces must thereforebe used cautiously for determining long-term planting schedules. South. J. Appl. For. 11(2):73-76.

scholarly journals Modelling the Effect of Microsite Influences on the Growth and Survival of Juvenile Eucalyptus globoidea (Blakely) and Eucalyptus bosistoana (F. Muell) in New Zealand

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 857
Author(s):  
Salekin ◽  
Mason ◽  
Morgenroth ◽  
Bloomberg ◽  
Meason
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Resource Competition ◽  
Surface Profile ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Eucalyptus Species ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Silvicultural Treatments ◽  
Wind Exposure ◽  
Plantation Yield ◽  
Survival Proportion

The effect of microsite on juvenile forest plantation yield is rarely explored. This is because juvenile plantation growth is considered to be reasonably homogenous due to a lack of resource competition between trees prior to canopy closure. However, models of juvenile plantation height growth and survival that are sensitive to microsite variation could aid decisions relating to site preparation, plantation establishment and early silvicultural treatments. In this study, juvenile Eucalyptus bosistoana and E. globoidea height growth and survival proportion were modelled against topographic and environmental microsite characteristics as independent variables. The experiment included three different sites situated in a sub-humid region of New Zealand. A total of 540 plots were planted with 18,540 trees in regular rows and columns. Micro-topographical variables significantly influenced height growth and survival proportion of both E. bosistoana and E. globoidea, but species differed in their responses. More sheltered microsites yielded greater height growth and survival for both species. The height of both species was influenced by wind exposure, morphometric protection, and distance from the nearest ridge. E. bosistoana height was also influenced by topographic position and surface plan curvature. Survival was affected by surface profile curvature for both species, while E. globoidea survival was also impacted by surface plan curvature and distance from the top ridge. This study identified microsite factors influencing juvenile height and survival of two Eucalyptus species.

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