Jack pine budworm population behaviour in northwestern Wisconsin

1994 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 502-510 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Jan A. Volney ◽  
Deborah G. McCullough
Keyword(s):  
Population Regulation ◽  
Habitat Type ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Population Fluctuations ◽  
Density Estimates ◽  
Local Site ◽  
Jack Pine Budworm ◽  
Dependent Processes

Long-term (17–31 year) density estimates of jack pine budworm, Choristoneurapinuspinus Free. (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), populations from 31 townships in northwestern Wisconsin were analyzed to investigate variation in population behaviour. Populations had varying combinations of cyclic components with periods of 5, 6, and 10 years. Populations that fluctuated with higher frequencies (shorter periods between outbreaks) tended to be found in locations where the habitat type was indicative of nutrient-poor and extremely dry soils. Many populations in these habitat types had high mean densities, and the coefficient of variation in density was smaller than that in other populations. Just under half (14) of the populations were regulated by statistically significant second-order density-dependent processes. Nevertheless, second-order processes were present to some extent in all populations examined. These results demonstrated that detection of density dependence and population regulation of jack pine budworm depends on the local site where studies are undertaken. Population fluctuations encountered in these populations are of the phase-forgetting quasi-cyclic kind. Studies of mechanisms that account for these cycles and cause populations to fluctuate at three different characteristic frequencies promise to be rewarding.

Economic Implications of Stocking and Budworm Attacks for Jack Pine Management

1974 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 349-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dietmar W. Rose
Keyword(s):  
Regional Growth ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Resource Base ◽  
Economic Implications ◽  
Growing Stock ◽  
Second Growth ◽  
Jack Pine Budworm ◽  
Lake States ◽  
Management Alternatives

Regional growth and supply projections under selected management alternatives are crucial in planning necessary steps to meet increasing demands on a shrinking timber resource base. Knowledge about the growth and stocking conditions of second-growth stands is essential in such long-term projections especially if large geographical areas are considered. Two second-growth stocking assumptions were selected to illustrate the effect of stocking on management variables for the jack pine (Pinusbanksiana Lamb.) inventory of northwestern Wisconsin and to indicate plausible ranges for future growth, growing stock, and harvest volumes. These stocking effects were studied in a deterministic environment and with the occurrence of stochastic infestations of jack pine budworm (Choristoneurapinuspinus Freeman). The analysis illustrated the strong sensitivity of system's variables to assumptions about stocking for two contrasting rotation alternatives. The sensitivity of the model was increased considerably when budworm infestations were simulated because jack pine budworm populations movements are strongly influenced by the stocking conditions of the host stand. Policies were identified for which more reliable projections of minimum expected growth and yields are possible than for presently-used policies for jack pine in the Lake States.

Chesapeake Bay Stock Assessment: Who are they, and Where are they?

1992 ◽  
Vol 26 (12) ◽  
pp. 2705-2709 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. M. Austin
Keyword(s):  
Chesapeake Bay ◽  
Stock Assessment ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Population Fluctuations ◽  
Important Species ◽  
Fisheries Resources ◽  
Environmentally Sensitive ◽  
Climate Scale ◽  
Resource And Environment

The Chesapeake Bay, while a significant habitat for fisheries resources, is in actuality an aquatic “bedroom community”, as many of the economically important species are seasonally transient. The pressure on these resources due to their demand for human consumption and recreation, proximity to extensive industrial activity along the shores, and climate scale environmental fluctuations has resulted in stock declines by most important species. Our inability to separate natural population fluctuations from those of anthropogenic origin complicates management efforts. The only way to make these separations, and subsequent informed management decisions is by supporting long-term stock assessment programs (monitoring) in the Bay which allow us to examine trends, cycles and stochastic processes between resource and environment. These programs need to monitor both recruitment and fishing mortality rates of the economically important species, and to identify and monitor the environmentally sensitive “canary” species.

scholarly journals Responses of Vertebrate Wildlife to Oil and Natural Gas Development: Patterns and Frontiers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. D. Chalfoun
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Habitat Type ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Low Frequencies ◽  
Natural Gas Development ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Oil And Natural Gas

Abstract Purpose of Review Anthropogenic activities can lead to the loss, fragmentation, and alteration of wildlife habitats. I reviewed the recent literature (2014–2019) focused on the responses of avian, mammalian, and herpetofaunal species to oil and natural gas development, a widespread and still-expanding land use worldwide. My primary goals were to identify any generalities in species’ responses to development and summarize remaining gaps in knowledge. To do so, I evaluated the directionality of a wide variety of responses in relation to taxon, location, development type, development metric, habitat type, and spatiotemporal aspects. Recent Findings Studies (n = 70) were restricted to the USA and Canada, and taxonomically biased towards birds and mammals. Longer studies, but not those incorporating multiple spatial scales, were more likely to detect significant responses. Negative responses of all types were present in relatively low frequencies across all taxa, locations, development types, and development metrics but were context-dependent. The directionality of responses by the same species often varied across studies or development metrics. Summary The state of knowledge about wildlife responses to oil and natural gas development has developed considerably, though many biases and gaps remain. Studies outside of North America and that focus on herpetofauna are lacking. Tests of mechanistic hypotheses for effects, long-term studies, assessment of response thresholds, and experimental designs that isolate the effects of different stimuli associated with development, remain critical. Moreover, tests of the efficacy of habitat mitigation efforts have been rare. Finally, investigations of the demographic effects of development across the full annual cycle were absent for non-game species and are critical for the estimation of population-level effects.

Numerical Analysis of Population Fluctuations of the Jack Pine Budworm1

1972 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
John L. Foltz ◽  
Fred B. Knight ◽  
Douglas C. Allen
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Analysis ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Population Fluctuations

The Effect of Jack-pine Staminate Flowers on the Size of Larvae of the Jack-pine Budworm, Choristoneura sp.

1950 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 34-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. R. Lejeune
Keyword(s):  
Jack Pine ◽  
New Variety ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Northwestern Ontario ◽  
Jack Pine Budworm

The jack-pine budworm, Ohoristoneura sp., was first recorded by Graham (5, 6) as a new variety or race on jack pine. Subsequent studies by Graham (6 showed that in the early stages of their development the larvae of this insect prefer jack-pine staminate flowers as a habitat. Population records from Manitoba and northwestern Ontario indicate that infestations of the jack-pine budworm are invariably associated with an abundance of staminate flowers.

IMMEDIATE AND LONG-TERM EFFECTS OF INSECTICIDE APPLICATION ON PARASITOIDS IN JACK PINE STANDS IN QUEBEC

1972 ◽  
Vol 104 (2) ◽  
pp. 263-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter W. Price
Keyword(s):  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Ground Vegetation ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Aerial Application ◽  
Insecticide Application ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
Adult Parasitoid ◽  
Pine Stands

AbstractParasitoid populations were sampled before, and for 4 years following, an aerial application of the insecticide phosphamidon to control a sawfly outbreak. Adult parasitoid mortality was high because of spraying, but a reservoir of parasitoids in host cocoons remained to repopulate the treated areas. In moister sites the number of species decreased and their relative abundance changed, but moderate numbers of parasitoids remained 4 years after spraying. In a dry site with little ground vegetation, none of the species present before spraying remained by the fourth year.

The Effect of Springing Response of a TLP on Tether Fatigue

1996 ◽  
Vol 118 (3) ◽  
pp. 169-173
Author(s):  
A. Naess
Keyword(s):  
Transfer Function ◽  
Fatigue Damage ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Sum Frequency ◽  
Engineering Approach ◽  
Computer Codes

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect on estimated fatigue damage of TLP tethers of the method used to model the springing response. In particular, the goal has been to look into the consequence for long-term fatigue calculation of modeling the springing response as a second-order, sum-frequency process as opposed to assuming that the springing response is Gaussian. It is shown that with a standard engineering approach to the calculation of long-term fatigue damage, this effect is in fact marginal. However, the deviation between the numerical estimates of the quadratic transfer function describing the springing response as provided by different computer codes is found to produce estimates of the long-term fatigue that exhibit substantial variability.

scholarly journals Deep Planting Has No Short- or Long-Term Effect on the Survival and Growth of White Spruce, Black Spruce, and Jack Pine

2011 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 146-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alain Paquette ◽  
Jean-Pierre Girard ◽  
Denis Walsh
Keyword(s):  
Black Spruce ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Planting Depth ◽  
Early Results ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Tukey Honestly Significant Difference

Abstract Although studies in the past have reported that the deeper planting of conifers has no effect on seedling performance, most planting guidelines in use today still recommend that seedlings be planted to the rootcollar. Past studies were mostly observational, used bareroot seedlings, and often reported early results from just one or two depths of planting treatments. Most of the results available regarding planting depth for boreal species are anecdotal, although they are planted by the hundreds of millions every year. The present study reports no short-term (1 year) or long-term (15 to 19 years) negative effect of planting depth on the survival and height and diameter growth of black spruce, white spruce, and jack pine seedlings over three large, replicated experiments in the boreal forest of eastern and northern Quebec (eastern Canada). Four different depth treatments were compared, from manual planting at the rootcollar to the deepest mechanical planting treatment at 10 cm or more, making this the largest, longest-lasting study of its kind. Although, as expected, important differences in growth were present between species, all three commonly planted conifers reacted similarly to the planting depth treatments (no effect). This result can in part be attributed to an almost perfect control of frost heaving in the deepest two treatments. Planting depth effects were assessed using analysis of variance, multiple Tukey honestly significant difference, and uncorrected pairwise one-tailed t-tests to increase the probability of detecting a negative effect. Absolute differences and effect sizes (generally small and often positive with greater depths) were also analyzed.

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