Effects of partial bark removal on the growth of Pacific yew

Whole-tree harvest of Pacific yew (Taxusbrevifolia Nutt.) to provide bark for production of the new anticancer drug taxol may adversely affect stand structure where yews provide thermal cover, browse, or riparian benefits. Harvesting only a portion of the bark on standing trees would maintain existing stand structure if the affected trees continued to grow, but partial bark removal seldom has been applied because its long-term effects are unknown. We measured 121 yews that had been scarred by windthrow or logging damage 3–92 years ago and found that their growth did not differ significantly from the growth of nearby unscarred yews. Radial growth of the scarred trees was strongly correlated with growth before scarring; it was slightly associated with overstory canopy density, elevation, and the amount of bark removed. Partial bark removal from one side of the tree probably will not seriously affect the growth of Pacific yew if less than 50% of the bark is removed.

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Predicted long-term effects of group selection on species composition and stand structure in northern hardwood forests

Forest Ecology and Management ◽

10.1016/j.foreco.2017.06.037 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 400 ◽

pp. 677-691 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Corey R. Halpin ◽

Craig G. Lorimer ◽

Jacob J. Hanson ◽

Brian J. Palik

Keyword(s):

Species Composition ◽

Group Selection ◽

Stand Structure ◽

Hardwood Forests ◽

Long Term Effects ◽

Northern Hardwood Forests ◽

Northern Hardwood

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Stand Structure and Composition 32 Years after Precommercial Thinning Treatments in a Mixed Northern Conifer Stand in Central Maine

Northern Journal of Applied Forestry ◽

10.1093/njaf/28.2.92 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 28 (2) ◽

pp. 92-96 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Aaron R. Weiskittel ◽

Laura S. Kenefic ◽

Rongxia Li ◽

John Brissette

Keyword(s):

Stand Structure ◽

Abies Balsamea ◽

Basal Area ◽

Long Term Effects ◽

Mixed Species ◽

Precommercial Thinning ◽

Large Trees ◽

Stand Attributes ◽

And Control

Abstract The effects of four precommercial thinning (PCT) treatments on an even-aged northern conifer stand in Maine were investigated by examining stand structure and composition 32 years after treatment. Replicated treatments applied in 1976 included: (1) control (no PCT), (2) row thinning (rowthin; 5-ft-wide row removal with 3-ft-wide residual strips), (3) row thinning with crop tree release (rowthin+CTR; 5-ft-wide row removal with crop tree release at 8-ft intervals in 3-ft-wide residual strips), and (4) crop tree release (CTR; release of selected crop trees at 8×8-ft intervals). PCT plots had more large trees and fewer small trees than the control in 2008. There were no other significant differences between the rowthin and control. The rowthin+CTR and CTR treatments had lower total and hardwood basal area (BA) and higher merchantable conifer BA than the control. CTR also resulted in more red spruce (Picea rubens [Sarg.]) and less balsam fir (Abies balsamea [L.]) than the other treatments. Although stand structures for rowthin+CTR and CTR were similar, the percentage of spruce in CTR was greater. Although the less-intensive rowthin+CTR treatment may provide many of the same benefits as CTR, the latter would be the preferred treatment if increasing the spruce component of a stand is an objective. Overall, early thinning treatments were found to have long-term effects on key stand attributes, even more than 30 years after treatment in areas with mixed species composition and moderate site potential.

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The long-term effects of whole-tree harvest at final felling on soil properties in a Norway Spruce (Picea Abies (L) Karst.) Stand

10.37099/mtu.dc.etds/166 ◽

2012 ◽

Author(s):

Lilli M. Kaarakka

Keyword(s):

Picea Abies ◽

Soil Properties ◽

Norway Spruce ◽

Long Term Effects ◽

Whole Tree

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Loblolly pine and mixed hardwood stand dynamics for 27 years following chemical, mechanical, and manual site preparation

Canadian Journal of Forest Research ◽

10.1139/x93-265 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 23 (10) ◽

pp. 2126-2132 ◽

Cited By ~ 34

Author(s):

Glenn R. Glover ◽

Bruce R. Zutter

Keyword(s):

Loblolly Pine ◽

Stand Structure ◽

Growth Yield ◽

Basal Area ◽

Site Preparation ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Long Term Effects ◽

Fayette County ◽

Stand Basal Area

A site-preparation study installed in 1959 in Fayette County, Alabama, U.S.A., provides data to evaluate long-term effects of varying densities of hardwood on loblolly pine (Pinustaeda L.) plantation growth, yield, and stand structure. Six treatments (hand girdle; bulldoze scarification; herbicide applied to axe frill, chain frill, and with an injector; and an untreated check) were installed as a randomized complete block with five replications. Periodic measurements of pine and hardwood size and density show that higher hardwood densities existing early in the pine plantation had a substantial negative effect on loblolly pine survival and basal area yield, with the bulldoze and herbicide treatments having less hardwood and higher survival and stand basal area. Pine total height and diameter at breast height were reduced by increasing hardwood density early in the life of the plantation, but size of surviving trees differed little among treatments at later ages, except on plots where most pine trees were suppressed by hardwoods. Strong relationships between pine basal area per hectare at age 27 and both number of hardwood stems at age 3 and percentage of stand basal area in hardwood at age 6 were noted. These relationships indicate promise for predicting long-term growth and yield of loblolly pine plantations from early measures of hardwood interference.

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Towards better estimates of carbon stocks in Borneo's logged-over Dipterocarp forests

BOIS & FORETS DES TROPIQUES ◽

10.19182/bft2020.345.a31940 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 345 ◽

pp. 101-102

Author(s):

Andes Hamuraby ROZAK

Keyword(s):

Tropical Forests ◽

Selective Logging ◽

Long Term Effects ◽

Logging Damage ◽

Canopy Opening ◽

Dipterocarp Forests ◽

C Stocks ◽

Large Trees ◽

Main Driver

Tropical forests are a major reservoir of biodiversity and carbon (C), playing a pivotal role in global ecosystem function and climate regulation. However, most tropical forests, especially Borneo's forests in Southeast Asia, are under intense pressure and threatened by human activities such as logging, mining, agriculture and conversion to industrial plantations. Selective logging is known to reduce both above- and below-ground biomass by removing selected large trees, while increasing deadwood stocks through collateral logging damage and creating large gaps in the canopy. The extent of incidental damage, canopy opening and the rate of C recovery were shown to be primarily related to logging intensity. This thesis assesses the long-term effects of logging intensity on five main C pools in Dipterocarp forests in northern Borneo (Malinau District, North Kalimantan) along a logging intensity gradient ranging from 0 to 57% of initial biomass removed in 1999/2000. Our results showed that total C stocks 16 years after logging ranged from 218-554 Mg C/ha with an average of 314 Mg C/ha. A difference of 95 Mg C/ha was found between low logging intensity (< 2.1% of initial biomass lost) and high logging intensity (> 19%). Most C (approx. 77%) was found in living trees, followed by soil (15%), deadwood (6%) and a small fraction in litter (1%). The imprint of logging intensity was still detectable 16 years after logging. Logging intensity was thus shown to be the main driver explaining the reduction of AGC>20, BGC>20, in deadwood and total C stocks and an increase in deadwood. Our results quantify the long-term effects of logging on forest C stocks, especially in AGC and deadwood. High logging intensity (50% reduction of initial biomass) reduced total C stocks by 27%. AGC recovery was lower in high logging intensity plots, suggesting lowered forest resilience to logging. Our study showed that keeping logging intensity below 20% of the initial biomass can limit the long-term effects of logging on AGC and deadwood stocks.

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Long term effects of whole tree harvesting on soil carbon and nutrient sustainability in the UK

Biogeochemistry ◽

10.1007/s10533-010-9511-9 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 101 (1-3) ◽

pp. 43-59 ◽

Cited By ~ 45

Author(s):

Elena Vanguelova ◽

Rona Pitman ◽

Jukka Luiro ◽

Heljä-Sisko Helmisaari

Keyword(s):

Soil Carbon ◽

Long Term Effects ◽

The Uk ◽

Nutrient Sustainability ◽

Whole Tree Harvesting ◽

Whole Tree ◽

Tree Harvesting

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Long-term effects of catastrophic wind on southern US coastal forests: Lessons from a major hurricane

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0243362 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. e0243362

Author(s):

Ajay Sharma ◽

Santosh K. Ojha ◽

Luben D. Dimov ◽

Jason G. Vogel ◽

Jarek Nowak

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Stand Structure ◽

Diversity Index ◽

The United States ◽

United States Department ◽

Long Term Effects ◽

Hurricane Ivan ◽

Southern Us ◽

Forest Managers

Threats posed by windstorms are an increasing concern to forest managers in the southern United States (US). Studies suggest that the southern US will experience an increase in the occurrence as well as the intensity of windstorms, such as hurricanes, in the future. However, forest managers may have difficulty preparing for this future because there is limited understanding of how windstorms affect the structure and composition of forests over the long term. In this study, we evaluated the impacts of Hurricane Ivan, which made landfall in September 2004 near Gulf Shore, Alabama, impacting forests in the western Florida Panhandle and southwestern Alabama. We acquired the United States Department of Agriculture Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) plot data available for the period from 2002 to 2018 for the Ivan-affected area and classified the plots into 4 categories: (1). ND (No Disturbance), (2). NDBH (No Disturbance but Harvested), (3). ID (Disturbance caused by Hurricane Ivan), and (4). IDAH (Disturbance caused by Hurricane Ivan and Harvested). The plots that were damaged by Hurricane Ivan (ID and IDAH plots) had significantly (α = 0.05) (1) higher basal area, (2) higher quadratic mean diameter and height, (3) more diverse tree species composition (species richness and Shannon diversity index), (4) denser stocking of seedling and saplings, (5) lower proportion of dead trees or saplings, and (6) higher live aboveground biomass than the plots that were not damaged by the hurricane (ND and NDBH plots). Diverse stands were not necessarily more windstorm resistant. Species diversity in the overstory may not improve forest resistance to hurricane damage but may improve its resilience following the hurricane. The study suggests that managing stand structure through density management and stand improvement could be critical to windstorm resilience and resistance in the southern US forests.

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