Changes in amino acids and polyamines in shoots and buds of Douglas-fir trees induced to flower by nitrogen and gibberellin treatments

To characterize as early as possible the status of flowering differentiation in Douglas-fir (Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco), the variation of amino acids and polyamines was studied in the shoots during the period covering flowering initiation (between 4 and 10 weeks after bud burst). These compounds were also quantified in sexual and vegetative buds. The qualitative and quantitative effects of treatments susceptible to stimulate flowering (application of gibberellins (GA) and (or) calcium nitrate (N)) were observed in the shoots. Only N and N + GA treated trees flowered, the flowering being especially abundant for trees treated by N + GA. Arginine and proline were generally more abundant in sexual buds than in vegetative ones and in the shoots of flowering plants than in the control shoots. Sexual buds were characterized by a ratio of putrescine/(spermidine + spermine) about two times lower than in vegetative buds, mainly owing to a lower level in putrescine. The accumulation of polyamines in the shoots accompanied bud sexualization, which suggests that polyamines may constitute potential markers, probably rather early ones (4–6 weeks after bud burst), of floral initiation in Douglas-fir. This possibility is discussed.

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Polyamines conjuguées et différenciation florale chez le sapin de Douglas (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco)

Canadian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1139/b98-044 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 76 (5) ◽

pp. 782-790

Author(s):

EL-Hassania Daoudi ◽

Marc Bonnet-Masimbert

Keyword(s):

Pseudotsuga Menziesii ◽

Floral Induction ◽

Calcium Nitrate ◽

Douglas Fir ◽

Bud Burst ◽

Floral Initiation ◽

Vegetative Buds ◽

Conjugated Polyamines ◽

The Status ◽

Flowering Initiation

To characterize as early as possible the status of flowering differentiation in Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco), the variation of bound or conjugated polyamines is studied in the shoots of young plants (6 years old) during the period covering flowering initiation (between 30 and 75 days after bud burst). These compounds are also quantified in sexual and vegetative buds. The quantitative effects of treatments susceptible to stimulate the flowering (application of gibberellins and (or) calcium nitrate) on the level of conjugated polyamines are investigated in the shoots. The combination of gibberellins to calcium nitrate application strongly increases the flowering. Conjugated polyamines are particularly abundant in sexual buds and in the shoots of flowering plants. Sexual buds are also characterized by a ratio of conjugated putrescine to conjugated spermidine about four to six times higher than in vegetative buds. The accumulation of conjugated polyamines in the shoots accompanies bud sexualization, which suggests that conjugated polyamines may constitute potential markers of floral initiation in Douglas-fir.Key words: floral induction, flowering marker, conjugated polyamines, Douglas-fir.

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Biochemical and physiological studies on dormancy release in tree buds. I. Changes in degree of dormancy, respiratory capacity, and major cell constituents in overwintering vegetative buds of Populus balsamifera

Canadian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1139/b73-299 ◽

1973 ◽

Vol 51 (12) ◽

pp. 2315-2326 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

E. P. Bachelard ◽

F. Wightman

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Protein A ◽

Bud Burst ◽

Dormancy Release ◽

Populus Balsamifera ◽

Respiratory Capacity ◽

Vegetative Buds ◽

Protein Amino Acids ◽

Wall Materials ◽

Cell Wall Materials

Changes in the degree of dormancy, rate of growth, respiratory capacity, and in the amounts of several major cell constituents (sugars, protein, amino acids, cell wall materials, starch, and chlorophyll) were examined in vegetative buds of Populus balsamifera L. as they developed from midwinter dormancy to the spring flush of growth in 1972. A significant decrease in the dormancy status of buds occurred during the period March 17 to April 3, and this was accompanied by an increased level of catabolic metabolism of carbohydrates and protein. A further change to anabolic metabolism at the end of April, nearly 2 weeks before bud burst, resulted in a net synthesis of cellular constituents in preparation for bud burst.

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The Status of Livelihood Vulnerability and Its CopingCapacities of Urban Squatters in Kathmandu Metropolitan City, Nepal

Patan Pragya ◽

10.3126/pragya.v5i1.30433 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 19-32

Author(s):

Chhabi Ram Baral

Keyword(s):

Data Collection ◽

Urban Area ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Quantitative Methods ◽

Urban Poverty ◽

Rural Poverty ◽

Poor People ◽

Qualitative And Quantitative ◽

Qualitative And Quantitative Methods ◽

The Status

Urban poverty is one of multidimensional issue in Nepal. Increasing immigration from the outer parts of Kathmandu due to rural poverty, unemployment and weak security of the lives and the properties are core causes pushing people into urban areas. In this context how squatter urban area people sustain their livelihoods is major concern. The objectives of the study are to find out livelihood assets and capacities squatters coping with their livelihood vulnerability in adverse situation. Both qualitative and quantitative methods are applied for data collection. It is found that squatters social security is weak, victimized by severe health problems earning is not regular with lack of physical facilities and overall livelihood is critical. This study helps to understand what the changes that have occurred in livelihood patterns and how poor people survive in urban area.

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Phenology of Bud Burst in Douglas-Fir Related to Provenance, Photoperiod, Chilling, and Flushing Temperature

Botanical Gazette ◽

10.1086/336817 ◽

1975 ◽

Vol 136 (3) ◽

pp. 290-298 ◽

Cited By ~ 71

Author(s):

Robert K. Campbell ◽

Albert I. Sugano

Keyword(s):

Douglas Fir ◽

Bud Burst

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The Trials and Tribulations of Applied Triangulation: Weighing Different Data Sources

Journal of Mixed Methods Research ◽

10.1177/1558689816651032 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 166-181 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Florian G. Kern

Keyword(s):

Quantitative Research ◽

Political Power ◽

Data Sources ◽

Qualitative And Quantitative ◽

Practical Research ◽

The Status ◽

Analytical Strategies ◽

Depth Interviews ◽

Shed Light ◽

Illustrative Application

Researchers employ triangulation to increase the validity of inference in qualitative and quantitative research. Leuffen, Shikano, and Walter have presented guidance as to which strategies to use when triangulating data sources. In this article, I explore how their findings can be translated for practical research purposes. I offer an illustrative application concentrating on the political power of traditional political authorities in Uganda and Tanzania. I analyze the status quo of political power and the preferred political power of traditional leaders. To triangulate, I use three sources: (1) constitutional-legal texts, (2) the Afrobarometer survey, and (3) in-depth interviews. I shed light on possible problems and analytical strategies for triangulation in practice, with a specific focus on convergence and divergence of sources.

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Seasonal variation of abscisic acid in the dormant shoots of Douglas-fir

Canadian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1139/b79-069 ◽

1979 ◽

Vol 57 (5) ◽

pp. 534-538 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Joe E. Webber ◽

Murray L. Laver ◽

Joe B. Zaerr ◽

Denis P. Lavender

Keyword(s):

Abscisic Acid ◽

Liquid Chromatography ◽

Seasonal Variation ◽

Internal Standard ◽

Close Correlation ◽

Douglas Fir ◽

Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽

Bud Burst ◽

Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Layer Chromatography

The occurrence of abscisic acid (ABA) in the dormant shoots of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) was confirmed by bioassay, thin-layer chromatography, gas–liquid chromatography, and gas–liquid chromatography – mass spectrometry. Seasonal variation of ABA in the buds, leaves, and stems was then determined using 2-trans-ABA as an internal standard. Concentrations of ABA were highest in the autumn for buds (2.1 μg/g) and needles (0.79 μg/g) and highest in January for stems (0.34 μg/g). The lowest concentrations for all tissues were in February and March, before bud burst. Close correlation of levels of ABA with previously measured physiological evidence of growth and metabolic activity suggests a possible role in the dormancy cycle of Douglas-fir.

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ANALYSIS OF BUILDING VILLAGE INDEX (IDM) IN VILLAGE DEVELOPMENT IN KUALA SUB-DISTRICT

Jurnal Ekonomi Pembangunan ◽

10.22219/jep.v17i1.9201 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

pp. 20

Author(s):

Wahyuddina Wahyuddina

Keyword(s):

Descriptive Analysis ◽

Secondary Data ◽

P Value ◽

Qualitative And Quantitative ◽

Independent Variables ◽

Analysis Technique ◽

The Status ◽

Document Review ◽

The Village ◽

Regression Tests

This study aims to analyze the building village index (IDM) in the development of the village in Kuala sub-district of Nagan Raya regency. This research is descriptive qualitative and quantitative. The object of this study is 17 villages in the region of Kuala sub-district, while the data used in this study is sourced from primary and secondary data derived from document review, observation, FGD, and interviews from 2015 to 2017. Data analysis technique using descriptive analysis in the form of tables and diagrams, while the quantitative analysis using multiple regression tests with the dependent variable percentage of village fund accumulation 2015-2017, independent variables are IKL, IKE, IKS, and IDM. The results showed that the analysis of the use of village funds for development in Kuala sub-district positively influences the assumption p-value α = 0.005, sig of 0.001. Then with the development of village infrastructure and empowerment, the status of villages in the region of Kuala sub-district increased with an average developing status of 71 percent and advance village status of 23 percent.

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RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN ATTACK RATES AND SURVIVAL OF WESTERN SPRUCE BUDWORM, CHORISTONEURA OCCIDENTALIS FREEMAN (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE), AND BUD DEVELOPMENT OF DOUGLAS-FIR, PSEUDOTSUGA MENZIESII (MIRB.) FRANCO

The Canadian Entomologist ◽

10.4039/ent124347-2 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 124 (2) ◽

pp. 347-358 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Roy F. Shepherd

Keyword(s):

Close Association ◽

Spruce Budworm ◽

Larval Survival ◽

Douglas Fir ◽

Choristoneura Occidentalis ◽

Western Spruce Budworm ◽

Bud Development ◽

Feeding Sites ◽

Vegetative Buds ◽

Wide Range

AbstractIndividual larvae of western spruce budworm (Choristoneura occidentalis Freeman) were observed from overwintering emergence to pupation at six locations spread over a wide range of altitudes and thus climate. A weekly census of 100 lower-crown buds per plot indicated large differences in rates of bud development and larval survival among locations.Emerging second-instar larvae attempted to mine swelling buds of Douglas-fir. If the buds were hard and tight, larvae mined 1-year-old needles until penetrable buds were available. Larvae dispersed over the crowns with only one larva becoming established in each bud; thus, many early-emerging and surplus larvae could not find suitable feeding sites and disappeared. Within the protective bud, survival was high. After buds flushed and larvae became exposed, densities dropped, probably due to increased predation and decreased food quality. Correlations indicated a close association between larval survival for the exposed period between bud flush and pupation, and overall larval survival.Douglas-fir trees responded to initial bud removal, but not to needle removal, by inducing latent buds in the axils of needles to grow into active vegetative buds ready to develop and flush the next spring. The number of these new vegetative buds formed was greatest when the initial buds were removed early in the season before flush, and decreased thereafter. Trees with vigorous crowns had the greatest response to defoliation by inducing the largest number of latent buds into becoming active vegetative buds; these were found mainly on the 2- and 3-year-old internodes.

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