A Comparative Study of Fibrinolytic Activity in Human, Rat, Rabbit, and Dog Biood

1972 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Hedlin ◽  
F. C. Monkhouse ◽  
S. M. Milojevic
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Fibrinolytic Activity ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Animal Blood ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Human Samples ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
High Level

Fibrinolytic activity in the blood of commonly used laboratory animals: rats, rabbits, and dogs, was compared to that of the human. It was found that the animal blood required activation with high concentrations of urokinase or streptokinase before dilute whole blood fibrinolytic activity could be detected; in contrast, the human samples lysed spontaneously. The failure to detect spontaneous fibrinolysis in the animal blood samples was shown to be due to a high level of antifibrinolytic activity. As demonstrated by this study, the rat, rabbit, and dog are not acceptable as substitutes for the human in fibrinolytic studies.

Effect of Ionic and Non-Ionic Contrast Media on Aggregation of Red Blood Cells in Vitro

1987 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Raininko ◽  
S.-L. Ylinen
Keyword(s):  
Contrast Media ◽  
Animal Experiments ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Animal Blood ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Ionic Contrast ◽  
Physiologic Saline ◽  
Meglumine Diatrizoate ◽  
Human Red Cells

Fresh human blood without additives, and contrast medium were mixed and examined immediately by light microscopy in a non-flowing state. Sodium meglumine diatrizoate, meglumine diatrizoate, meglumine iodamide, sodium meglumine ioxaglate, iopromide, iopamidol, iohexol, and metrizamide were tested in concentrations of 300 mg I/ml. Physiologic saline and 5% glucose were used as controls. All media were tested in a randomized order with blood samples from 23 volunteers. No aggregation was detected in physiologic saline, and few rouleaux were found in ionic contrast media. Irregular red cell aggregates were found in all low-osmolal contrast media: in 17 per cent of the specimens in ioxaglate, in 52 per cent in metrizamide, and in 78 to 100 per cent in other non-ionic media. Irregular aggregates were seen in all specimens with glucose. It remains to be demonstrated whether or not the irregular aggregation of human red cells in non-ionic contrast media has clinical significance. Iohexol was also tested with blood samples from several laboratory animals, but in nearly every case no aggregates were found. Results of animal experiments or tests with animal blood seem to be poorly applicable to man.

The Mechanism of Fibrinolysis Induced by Bacterial Pyrogens

1959 ◽  
Vol 03 (02) ◽  
pp. 286-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Deutsch ◽  
P Elsner ◽  
I Marschner ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Intravenous Injection ◽  
Fibrinolytic Activity ◽  
Type A ◽  
The Other ◽  
Activation Mechanism ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Influence Of Temperature ◽  
Stable Type ◽  
High Level

Summary1. The mechanism of the activation of plasmin in blood after intravenous injection of bacterial pyrogens was studied.2. There was plasmin and an activator present in the spontaneous lytic blood samples. In cases with a high level of plasmin a low amount of plasminogen was found and vice versa.3. There seem to be two mechanisms of activation. In the most cases the activator has the properties of a fibrinokinase. In the other type a fibrinolysokinase was found.4. The resistence of the activator against changes in pH and influence of temperature was studied. It was found that the activator was very resistent at acid pH, and, therefore, it shoud be classified as a stable type activator. In addition to this a small amount of a labile type activator seems to be present.5. Some fibrinolytic activity develops in vitro if the pyrogens are incubated with cell-containing plasma or blood. It is supposed that the leucocytes are involved in the activation mechanism.

Rapid genotyping of genetically modified laboratory animals from whole blood samples without DNA preparation

2013 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 262-265
Author(s):  
Á. Horváth ◽  
P. Sántha ◽  
V. Horváth ◽  
Nóra Török ◽  
I. Nagy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Whole Blood ◽  
Genetically Modified ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Dna Preparation ◽  
Whole Blood Samples

Stability of antioxidant vitamins in whole human blood during overnight storage at 4°C and frozen storage up to 6 months

2018 ◽  
Vol 88 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 151-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott W. Leonard ◽  
Gerd Bobe ◽  
Maret G. Traber
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Frozen Storage ◽  
Blood Collection ◽  
Plasma Samples ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Plasma Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Sample Handling

Abstract. To determine optimal conditions for blood collection during clinical trials, where sample handling logistics might preclude prompt separation of erythrocytes from plasma, healthy subjects (n=8, 6 M/2F) were recruited and non-fasting blood samples were collected into tubes containing different anticoagulants (ethylenediaminetetra-acetic acid (EDTA), Li-heparin or Na-heparin). We hypothesized that heparin, but not EDTA, would effectively protect plasma tocopherols, ascorbic acid, and vitamin E catabolites (α- and γ-CEHC) from oxidative damage. To test this hypothesis, one set of tubes was processed immediately and plasma samples were stored at −80°C, while the other set was stored at 4°C and processed the following morning (~30 hours) and analyzed, or the samples were analyzed after 6 months of storage. Plasma ascorbic acid, as measured using HPLC with electrochemical detection (LC-ECD) decreased by 75% with overnight storage using EDTA as an anticoagulant, but was unchanged when heparin was used. Neither time prior to processing, nor anticoagulant, had any significant effects upon plasma α- or γ-tocopherols or α- or γ-CEHC concentrations. α- and γ-tocopherol concentrations remained unchanged after 6 months of storage at −80°C, when measured using either LC-ECD or LC/mass spectrometry. Thus, refrigeration of whole blood at 4°C overnight does not change plasma α- or γ-tocopherol concentrations or their catabolites. Ascorbic acid is unstable in whole blood when EDTA is used as an anticoagulant, but when whole blood is collected with heparin, it can be stored overnight and subsequently processed.

Steadiness/stability of antiepileptic drugs in serum, plasma and whole-blood samples under various storage methods

2010 ◽  
Vol 41 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
N Shazi ◽  
A Böss ◽  
HJ Merkel ◽  
F Scharbert ◽  
D Hannak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antiepileptic Drugs ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Storage Methods ◽  
Whole Blood Samples

The Effect of Alimentary Hyperlipemia on Thrombolysis in vivo

1960 ◽  
Vol 04 (02) ◽  
pp. 149-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nils U. Bang ◽  
Eugene E. Cliffton
Keyword(s):  
Fibrinolytic Activity ◽  
Fibrinolytic Enzyme ◽  
Enzyme Treatment ◽  
Enzyme Therapy ◽  
Fasting State ◽  
Fatty Meal ◽  
Complete Dissolution ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Specific Inhibitors

Summary1. The effect of a standard, potent fibrinolytic enzyme therapy has been compared in fasting and lipemic dogs.2. The standard fibrinolytic regimen resulted in the complete dissolution of all clots produced experimentally in the fasting state in 10 dogs.3. Clots formed during alimentary lipemia exhibited a markedly increased resistance to the standard fibrinolytic regimen in 6 dogs.4. An increase in anti plasmin fibrinolytic titer with concomitant decrease in spontaneous fibrinolytic activity was observed in 15 dogs following the administration of a fatty meal. No difference in fibrinolytic activity and APF titer was demonstrable in fasting and lipemic blood samples obtained during fibrinolytic enzyme treatment.5. The possibility of the presence of specific inhibitors against the fibrinolytic enzyme in clots formed during lipemia has been investigated and the evidence to support this theory is discussed.

Fibrinolytic Activity of Cerebro-Spinal Fluid and the Development of Artificial Cerebral Haematomas in Dogs

1969 ◽  
Vol 21 (02) ◽  
pp. 294-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Mihara ◽  
T Fujii ◽  
S Okamoto
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Carboxylic Acid ◽  
Fibrinolytic Activity ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Trans Form ◽  
Plate Method ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Fibrin Plate ◽  
The Brain

SummaryBlood was injected into the brains of dogs to produce artificial haematomas, and paraffin injected to produce intracerebral paraffin masses. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and peripheral blood samples were withdrawn at regular intervals and their fibrinolytic activities estimated by the fibrin plate method. Trans-form aminomethylcyclohexane-carboxylic acid (t-AMCHA) was administered to some individuals. Genera] relationships were found between changes in CSF fibrinolytic activity, area of tissue damage and survival time. t-AMCHA was clearly beneficial to those animals given a programme of administration. Tissue activator was extracted from the brain tissue after death or sacrifice for haematoma examination. The possible role of tissue activator in relation to haematoma development, and clinical implications of the results, are discussed.

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